D101大孔树脂颗粒/聚氨酯-环氧树脂弹性体复合材料水声吸声性能

用浇铸法制备了不同含量D101型聚苯乙烯大孔树脂颗粒改性的聚氨酯(PU)/环氧树脂(EP)(D101/PU-EP)弹性体复合材料声学试样, 并研究了该材料的水声吸声性能。基于等效夹杂原理的含涂层空心球复合泡沫材料的模量预测模型, 计算了D101/PU-EP弹性体复合材料的体积模量和剪切模量。根据计算模量和声学模型, 采用传递矩阵法对D101/PU-EP弹性体复合材料的水声性能进行了仿真, 得到了D101大孔树脂颗粒的添加量以及梯度结构对该复合材料水声性能的影响规律。运用水声材料声脉冲管系统测试了复合材料的水声声学性能(管中测试, 水背衬)。研究结果表明: D101大孔树脂颗粒能够有效改善PU-EP弹性体的水声吸声性能, 三层梯度结构的D101/PU-EP弹性体复合材料的吸声性能(D101树脂含量10%, 平均吸声系数0.53, 最大吸声系数0.64)优于同组成的单层复合材料(D101树脂含量10%, 平均吸声系数0.46, 最大吸声系数0.52)。算例验证表明, D101/PU-EP弹性体复合材料的水声性能测试结果与仿真结果基本吻合。     

D101大孔树脂颗粒/聚氨酯-环氧树脂弹性体复合材料水声吸声性能

用浇铸法制备了不同含量D101型聚苯乙烯大孔树脂颗粒改性的聚氨酯(PU)/环氧树脂(EP) (D101/PU-EP)弹性体复合材料声学试样,并研究了该材料的水声吸声性能.基于等效夹杂原理的含涂层空心球复合泡沫材料的模量预测模型,计算了D101/PU-EP弹性体复合材料的体积模量和剪切模量.根据计算模量和声学模型,采用传递矩阵法对D101/PU-EP弹性体复合材料的水声性能进行了仿真,得到了D101大孔树脂颗粒的添加量以及梯度结构对该复合材料水声性能的影响规律.运用水声材料声脉冲管系统测试了复合材料的水声声学性能(管中测试,水背衬).研究结果表明:D101大孔树脂颗粒能够有效改善PU-EP弹性体的水声吸声性能,三层梯度结构的D101/PU-EP弹性体复合材料的吸声性能(D101树脂含量10％,平均吸声系数0.53,最大吸声系数0.64)优于同组成的单层复合材料(D101树脂含量10％,平均吸声系数0.46,最大吸声系数0.52).算例验证表明,D101/PU-EP弹性体复合材料的水声性能测试结果与仿真结果基本吻合.     

EPU/EP弹性体的力学及水声吸声性能

以二丁基二月桂酸锡(DBTDL)作催化剂、环氧丙醇作封端剂制备了环氧氨酯(EPU);以自制的丙烯酸丁酯-二乙烯三胺(BA-DETA)为固化剂用浇铸法制备了EPU及环氧氨酯/环氧树脂(EPU/EP)共混物弹性体,并对该系列共混物弹性体的力学性能、动态力学性能和水声声学性能进行了表征,研究结果表明:随着EP用量的增加,EPU/EP共混物的拉伸强度逐渐增大,TDI型环氧氨酯的抗拉强度高于IPDI型环氧氨酯;随着EP含量的增加,TDI型环氧氨酯/环氧-E51(EPU1/E-51)共混物中、高温转变峰增强,杨氏模量变大,两组分相容性变差;EPU1/E-51系列共混物具有良好的水声吸声性能。EPU1/E-51(70/30)弹性体的水声性能最优,其平均吸声系数为0.75,最大吸声系数为0.94。     

一种用于水声材料设计的动态参数测试方法

针对提高水声材料设计中动态参数输入精度的问题，提出了一种复杨氏模量及泊松比准确测试方法。对于复杨氏模量测试，通过将Williams-Landel-Ferry(WLF)方程引入到Havriliak-Negami(H-N)模型中，采用信赖域反射算法对未知参数进行拟合得到材料参数宽频域主曲线。对于泊松比测试，根据同一材料不同形状因子表观杨氏模量之比与泊松比存在唯一量化关系的特性，仅通过两种不同形状因子试样的准静态有限元模拟，获得表观杨氏模量比值与泊松比量化曲线。因此，根据橡胶样品表观杨氏模量测试结果，可以直接利用局部加权回归获得其泊松比。最后，将前述材料制成直径为55 mm、厚度为50 mm的声管样品，放置在水声管中进行吸声系数测试。同时，把橡胶的复杨氏模量和泊松比的测量结果输入到水-橡胶-水分层介质模型中进行吸声系数计算。结果表明两者吻合，验证了上述测试方法的正确性和有效性。     

聚氨酯弹性体的合成和水下声学性能

用甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(2,4-TDI)、聚醚二醇(PPO)和3,3’-二氯-4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷(MOCA)等原料合成了聚氨酯弹性体,在脉冲声管中测试了合成试样的声压反射系数和吸声系数,研究了合成工艺参数对其水下声学性能的影响。测试结果表明,TDI-PPO-MOCA合成型聚氨酯弹性体是一种良好的水下吸声材料,其吸声性能受到固化温度,扩链剂含量等参数的影响。加入填料和改变其结构可以进一步改善聚氨酯弹性体的水下声学性能,因此合理地设计实验工艺参数,可以得到水下声学性能更佳的聚氨酯弹性体。为工业生产提供了理论参考。     

填料及空腔对聚氨酯弹性体夹芯复合结构水声性能的影响

为提高薄板均质吸声材料低频段的吸声性能,文中采用甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(2,4-TDI)、聚醚二醇(PPG)和3,3′-二氯-4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷(MOCA)等原料合成了25mm厚聚氨酯弹性体,对其进行填料改性和开空腔设计,并考虑到实用性,制备了聚氨酯弹性体夹芯复合结构的声学试件,在脉冲声管中测试了其反射系数和吸声系数,结果表明,云母填料改性和开空腔可以改善聚氨酯弹性体的低频吸声性能,其吸声性能还受到填料尺寸、空腔形状和空腔个数等参数的影响,因此合理地设计实验工艺参数,可以得到水下声学性能更佳的聚氨酯弹性体夹芯材料,为进一步研究水下吸声材料和吸声结构提供了理论参考。     

梯度聚氨酯水声吸声性能的研究

研究了梯度聚氨酯在不同温度和压力下的水声吸声性能。制备了由聚氨酯/无机填料组成的梯度聚氨酯,并在声管中测试其水声吸声系数。结果表明:梯度聚氨酯水声吸声性能随温度的变化较大,而随压力变化不大。因此,根据使用环境条件,合理设计梯度聚氨酯能够提高复合结构的水声吸声性能。     

填料改性聚氨酯弹性体的水声性能

用甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(2,4-TDI)、聚醚二醇(PPG)和3,3′-二氯-4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷(MOCA)等原料合成了聚氨酯弹性体,并用云母、空心玻璃微珠等填料进行改性,研究了填料种类、云母尺寸和空心玻璃微珠含量对该聚氨酯弹性体材料水声性能的影响。以聚氨酯弹性体材料的吸声系数和反射系数为目标函数,采用均匀设计和多元回归分析相结合的方法对混合填料掺杂改性聚氨酯弹性体材料体系进行了优化设计,制备了吸声性能优良的聚氨酯弹性体水声吸声材料。本文为聚氨酯弹性体水下吸声材料的研究提供了理论参考。     

孔结构对通孔泡沫铝水声吸声性能的影响

测试了不同孔结构通孔泡沫铝样品在 3～ 2 4kHz频段内的水声吸声系数。试验结果表明 :不同孔结构的通孔泡沫铝都具有较好的水声吸声性能 ,其水声吸声性能与其孔结构密切相关。当孔径减小 ,孔隙率和厚度增大时 ,水声吸声性能增高     

水下吸声夹芯复合材料的声学性能EI北大核心CSCD

基于水下目标消声覆盖层的承载和隐身一体化需求,通过分析水下消声材料吸声机理,设计了一种水下吸声夹芯复合材料。合理选择材料组分制备了芯材声学试样,测量了声速、复模量、损耗因子等声学参数;采用脉冲声管试验声学性能与理论计算结果一致;33mm厚聚氨酯改性环氧基微珠(PUEPM)配方试样声学性能要优于环氧基微珠吸声体(EPM),5KHz以上频段吸声系数达到0.7;样机消声水池试验表明,水背衬时夹芯吸声结构样机平均吸声系数大于0.5。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.