造孔剂法制备孔隙率可控的多孔镍钛合金

用常规粉末冶金烧结法结合造孔剂技术制备了多孔镍钛形状记忆合金.研究结果表明,孔隙特征主要取决于所用造孔剂的尺寸和形貌,而孔隙率可以通过加入造孔剂的含量来调控;所制备合金的主要成分是B2相和B19'相的NiTi,在经高温固溶处理后仍有极少量的Ti2Ni,Ni3Ti和Ni4Ti3等杂质相存在,而且合金杂质相的含量随造孔剂加入量的增加而相应提高.对合金的相变热分析表明,在从高温降至低温过程中多孔镍钛发生特殊的三阶段相变,这主要是由合金成分和相组成在晶界的不均匀造成的.最后,研究表明相变对多孔镍钛合金的阻尼性能(内耗)有独特的影响,而孔隙率对阻尼的影响则不明显.     

新型Acrylic/TiNi复合材料阻尼与力学性能研究EI北大核心

兼具优良吸能特性和高阻尼性能的金属基复合材料有着广泛的应用需求。采用“均混-压制-脱溶-烧结”的四阶段粉末冶金技术制备三维通孔的TiNi多孔材料,并以TiNi多孔材料为基体,基于真空负压渗流技术制备新型Acrylic/TiNi复合材料。内耗测试表明:新型复合材料阻尼能力远高于相应的多孔材料,尤其在室温附近。分析表明,复合材料阻尼能力的提高除与Acrylic的本征高阻尼有关,还与复合材料的多孔TiNi基体和Acrylic之间新增的大量界面阻尼有关。准静态压缩力学性能测试表明:Acrylic/TiNi复合材料可实现和TiNi多孔合金相近的能量吸收效率,这源于复合材料更长且更光滑的压缩平台区。此外,增强相Acrylic的充分渗入,极大提高复合材料的能量吸收能力和屈服强度。压缩形变机制分析表明,复合材料吸能特性的综合提高与压缩过程中TiNi多孔基体和Acrylic填充物之间相互补偿和耦合有关。     

新型Acrylic/TiNi复合材料阻尼与力学性能研究

兼具优良吸能特性和高阻尼性能的金属基复合材料有着广泛的应用需求。采用“均混-压制-脱溶-烧结”的四阶段粉末冶金技术制备三维通孔的TiNi多孔材料，并以TiNi多孔材料为基体，基于真空负压渗流技术制备新型Acrylic/TiNi复合材料。内耗测试表明：新型复合材料阻尼能力远高于相应的多孔材料，尤其在室温附近。分析表明，复合材料阻尼能力的提高除与Acrylic的本征高阻尼有关，还与复合材料的多孔TiNi基体和Acrylic之间新增的大量界面阻尼有关。准静态压缩力学性能测试表明：Acrylic/TiNi复合材料可实现和TiNi多孔合金相近的能量吸收效率，这源于复合材料更长且更光滑的压缩平台区。此外，增强相Acrylic的充分渗入，极大提高复合材料的能量吸收能力和屈服强度。压缩形变机制分析表明，复合材料吸能特性的综合提高与压缩过程中TiNi多孔基体和Acrylic填充物之间相互补偿和耦合有关。     

合金反应熔渗法制备C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料

采用22Hf78Si合金反应熔渗法制备了高性能低成本的C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料.首先采用化学气相渗透法增密碳纤维预制体得到多孔C/C复合材料预制体,然后在1700℃下反应熔渗22 Hf78Si合金制备得到C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料.XRD分析表明复合材料由碳、SiC和HfC相组成.C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料的抗弯强度为237MPa,断裂模式为假塑性断裂模式.采用激光测试了反应熔渗C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料的抗烧蚀性能,复合材料的线烧蚀率为0.038mm/s,大大低于C/SiC复合材料的线烧蚀率0.081mm/s.烧蚀后复合材料烧蚀表面形成了一层HfO2烧蚀层,有效提高了复合材料的抗烧蚀性能.     

合金反应熔渗法制备C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料

采用22Hf78Si合金反应熔渗法制备了高性能低成本的C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料.首先采用化学气相渗透法增密碳纤维预制体得到多孔C/C复合材料预制体,然后在1700℃下反应熔渗22 Hf78Si合金制备得到C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料.XRD分析表明复合材料由碳、SiC和HfC相组成.C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料的抗弯强度为237MPa,断裂模式为假塑性断裂模式.采用激光测试了反应熔渗C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料的抗烧蚀性能,复合材料的线烧蚀率为0.038mm/s,大大低于C/SiC复合材料的线烧蚀率0.081mm/s.烧蚀后复合材料烧蚀表面形成了一层HfO2烧蚀层,有效提高了复合材料的抗烧蚀性能.     

热等静压法制备多孔NiTi形状记忆合金

运用热等静压法(hot isostatic pressing,HIP),制备出多孔的NiTi形状记忆合金.制备出的多孔NiTi合金具有接近球状的孔,孔径在50～200μm,孔的分布均匀且各向同性.本文研究了多孔NiTi形状记忆合金在不同时效条件下的微观结构和马氏体相变行为,发现富Ni的多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的相变机制与富Ni致密NiTi合金相类似,时效后的冷却曲线出现两个峰,表示母相B2→R的转变和R→B19'的转变过程.     

合金反应熔渗法制备C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料（英文）

采用22Hf78Si合金反应熔渗法制备了高性能低成本的C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料。首先采用化学气相渗透法增密碳纤维预制体得到多孔C/C复合材料预制体,然后在1700℃下反应熔渗22Hf78Si合金制备得到C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料。XRD分析表明复合材料由碳、SiC和HfC相组成。C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料的抗弯强度为237MPa,断裂模式为假塑性断裂模式。采用激光测试了反应熔渗C/C-SiC-HfC复合材料的抗烧蚀性能,复合材料的线烧蚀率为0.038mm/s,大大低于C/SiC复合材料的线烧蚀率0.081mm/s。烧蚀后复合材料烧蚀表面形成了一层HfO2烧蚀层,有效提高了复合材料的抗烧蚀性能。     

多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的制备及性能

采用球磨后的NiTi合金粉末为原料,添加尿素作为造孔剂,利用粉末烧结法制备多孔NiTi形状记忆合金.研究烧结温度、保温时间和预成型压力等条件对制备的多孔NiTi合金组织结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:相对于传统的Ni粉和Ti粉近等原子比混合烧结方法,此方法制备的多孔NiTi合金的相组成更加纯净.且随烧结温度升高,多孔N...     

高阻尼TNCH合金的相变与阻尼性能研究

研究了新型阻尼合金的马氏体相变、内耗以及它们之间的关系。结果表明,在室温低频范围内合金主要经历了3个阶段:低温马氏体状态,两相共存状态与母相状态。低温马氏体时,TNCH合金的高阻尼主要由B19′马氏体变体、孪晶界面产生。相变过程中的阻尼特性与相变时新相/旧相的相界面数量有关。合金处于母相时其阻尼主要来源于合金的晶体缺陷。     

有机硅交联剂对硅树脂/聚苯乙烯多孔复合材料性能的影响

以苯乙烯(St)为单体,含甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基的有机硅树脂(MTQ)为交联剂,采用高内相比乳液模板(HIPE)法制备了蜂窝状、低密度及高孔隙率的MTQ/聚苯乙烯(PS)多孔复合材料,研究了MTQ对聚合物多孔复合材料微观结构、压缩性能及热稳定性的影响。结果表明:MTQ/PS多孔复合材料的泡孔呈立体球形且泡孔壁上有丰富的互连孔,相互贯通性良好,泡孔直径为2~9μm,互连孔的孔径大小介于0.35~1.85μm;所得多孔材料孔隙率可控,总孔隙率最高可达92%;该多孔复合材料的压缩强度为0.28~0.74 MPa,压缩模量为4.86~13.54MPa。当MTQ与St的质量比为30:100时,可获得泡孔直径较小、互连孔道较窄、压缩性能和热稳定性较好的MTQ/PS多孔复合材料。      

表面多孔NiTi-羟基磷灰石/NiTi生物复合材料的制备与性能

利用放电等离子烧结技术制备了表面多孔NiTi-羟基磷灰石(HA)/NiTi生物复合材料,研究了烧结温度对复合材料宏观形貌、微观结构、表面孔隙特征、力学性能及体外生物活性的影响。结果表明:随着烧结温度从800℃提高到950℃,NiTi-HA/NiTi复合材料由复杂的Ti、Ni、Ti_2Ni、Ni_3Ti、HA混合相逐渐转变为单一的NiTi+HA相,内外层界面形成稳定的冶金结合且表面孔隙率与平均孔径呈缓慢减小趋势;同时抗压强度显著提高而弹性模量变化不明显。与传统NiTi、多孔NiTi及多孔NiTi-HA材料相比,950℃温度下制备的NiTi-HA/NiTi复合材料不仅具有良好的界面结合和表面孔隙特征(孔隙率45.6%、平均孔径393μm)、较高的抗压强度(1 301MPa)、较低的弹性模量(10.2GPa)以及优异的超弹性行为(超弹性恢复应变4%)的最佳匹配,而且还具有良好的体外生物活性。     

Processing and Characterization of In Situ (TiC–TiB2)p/AZ91D Magnesium Matrix Composites

In this paper, a practical and cost‐effective processing route, in situ reactive infiltration technique, was utilized to fabricate magnesium matrix composites reinforced with a network of TiC–TiB₂ particulates. These ceramic reinforcement phases were synthesized in situ from Ti and B₄C powders without any addition of a third metal powder such as Al. The molten Mg alloy infiltrates the preform of (Ti_p + B₄C_p) by capillary forces. The microstructure of the composites was investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The compression behavior of the composites processed at different conditions was investigated. Also, the flexural strength behavior was assessed through the four‐point‐bending test at room temperature. Microstructural characterization of the (TiB₂–TiC)/AZ91D composite processed at 900 °C for 1.5 h shows a relatively uniform distribution of TiB₂ and TiC particulates in the matrix material resulting in the highest compressive strength and Young's modulus. Compared with those of the unreinforced AZ91D Mg alloy, the elastic modulus, flexural and compressive strengths of the composite are greatly improved. In contrast, the ductility is lower than that of the unreinforced AZ91D Mg alloy. However, this lower ductility was improved by the addition of MgH₂ powder in the preform. Secondary scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the fracture surfaces after the flexural strength test. The composites show signs of mixed fracture; cleavage regions and some dimpling. In addition, microcracks observed in the matrix show that the failure might have initiated in the matrix rather than from the reinforcing particulates.     

表面多孔Ti-羟基磷灰石/Ti-Ag生物梯度复合材料的制备与性能

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备表面多孔Ti-羟基磷灰石（HA）/Ti-Ag生物梯度复合材料,研究了不同HA含量对复合材料微观结构、界面结合、表面孔隙特征、力学性能及体外生物活性的影响及机制。结果表明,表面多孔Ti-HA/Ti-Ag复合材料中间基体合金主要由α-Ti和Ti₂Ag相组成,表面多孔层主要由α-Ti和HA相组成,同时还存在少量CaO、CaTiO₃、Ti₅P₃等反应相;表面多孔Ti-HA/Ti-Ag复合材料中间基体与表面多孔层形成稳定的冶金结合,但随着HA含量增加,反应相增多,界面结合变差,表面孔隙率和平均孔径呈增大趋势,导致平均抗压强度减小且弹性模量降低,因此过高的HA含量会导致材料力学性能下降;体外生物活性实验表明,表面多孔Ti-HA/Ti-Ag复合材料在人工模拟体液中浸泡7天后表面生成大量类骨磷灰石层,并且随着HA含量的增大,磷灰石形成能力明显增强。      

Al含量对漂珠/镁合金可溶复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用搅拌铸造法制备了不同Al含量下的漂珠（FAC）/镁合金可溶复合材料。采用金相显微镜、SEM及XRD观察分析了FAC/镁合金可溶复合材料的微观组织、溶解表面形貌及溶解产物的物相组成,采用力学性能试验机研究了复合材料的压缩性能,采用电化学工作站对复合材料进行电化学性能测试,在常温及水浴锅内进行复合材料在不同温度下的KCl溶液中的溶解试验。结果表明：该FAC/镁合金可溶复合材料主要由α-Mg基体相、β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相、Mg₂Si相和MgO相组成。随着Al含量的增加,FAC/镁合金可溶复合材料的溶解速率先变快后减慢,在80℃的3wt% KCl溶液中,含15wt% Al的FAC/镁合金复合材料溶解速率最快,为56 mg/（h·cm²）。Al-FAC/镁合金可溶复合材料的抗压强度随Al含量的增加先提高后下降,四种合金的抗压强度均大于300 MPa,最高强度达到372 MPa。     

钛氮合金的铸态组织与性能

采用熔铸工艺法制备了含氮量为0.045%～0.27%的原位自生氮化物增强钛基复合材料,分析并测试了合金的铸态组织和力学性能.研究结果表明:在Ti-N合金中,随着氮含量的增加,合金中氮化物的形态和相组成发生了明显的改变;当氮含量在0.045%～0.18%时,合金的基体为α-Ti,增强相为TiN0.3;氮含量增加到0.225%时,增强相转变为块状Ti2N;复合材料的硬度、抗压强度和弹性模量均高于纯钛基体且随着氮含量的增加而增加;当增强相由TiN0.3转变为Ti2N时,抗压强度显著增加;由压缩断口分析可知,基体为韧性断裂,随着氮含量增加合金由韧窝 解理断口向具有解理特征的脆性断裂转变.     

A comparison of the wettability of copper-copper oxide and silver-copper oxide on polycrystalline alumina

The contact angles of liquid silver-copper oxide/alumina and liquid copper-copper oxide/alumina systems were determined using the sessile drop method. Copper oxide (CuO) additions of 1.5–10.0 wt% were made. Temperatures of 970–1250 °C for the silver-based alloys and 1090–1300 °C for the copper-based alloys were studied. Minimum contact angles of 42±8 and 64±7 ° were obtained for the copper-copper oxide alloys and the silver-copper oxide alloys, respectively. The contact angle was approximately constant for the silver-copper oxide alloy within the immiscible liquid composition range. While the contact angles were higher for the silver-based alloys relative to the copper-based alloys, successful infiltration of a porous alumina sample was achieved at only 1050 °C for a Ag-10 wt% CuO alloy. Compression tests on infiltrated samples revealed similar compressive strengths for alumina samples infiltrated with silver-copper oxide alloys, silver-copper-copper oxide alloys and copper-copper oxide alloys. The compressive fracture strength for the infiltrated samples was an order of magnitude higher than the fracture strength of the porous alumina body without infiltration. Although silver-based alloys are more expensive than comparable copper-based alloys, in many applications the additional cost may be offset by lower processing or brazing temperatures, improved thermal and electrical conductivity, and improved toughness.     

Porous NiTi shape memory alloys produced by SHS: microstructure and biocompatibility in comparison with Ti2Ni and TiNi3

Shape memory alloys based on NiTi have found their main applications in manufacturing of new biomedical devices mainly in surgery tools, stents and orthopedics. Porous NiTi can exhibit an engineering elastic modulus comparable to that of cortical bone (12–17 GPa). This condition, combined with proper pore size, allows good osteointegration. Open cells porous NiTi was produced by self propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS), starting from Ni and Ti mixed powders. The main NiTi phase is formed during SHS together with other Ni–Ti compounds. The biocompatibility of such material was investigated by single culture experiment and ionic release on small specimen. In particular, NiTi and porous NiTi were evaluated together with elemental Ti and Ni reference metals and the two intermetallic TiNi₃, Ti₂Ni phases. This approach permitted to clearly identify the influence of secondary phases in porous NiTi materials and relation with Ni-ion release. The results indicated, apart the well-known high toxicity of Ni, also toxicity of TiNi₃, whilst phases with higher Ti content showed high biocompatibility. A slightly reduced biocompatibility of porous NiTi was ascribed to combined effect of TiNi₃ presence and topography that requires higher effort for the cells to adapt to the surface.     

Fe元素对Nb 16Si原位复合材料显微组织及室温力学性能的影响

采用真空非自耗电弧熔炼方法制备了Nb-16Si-xFe原位复合材料(x = 2, 4, 6, 原子分数(%), 分别简称为2Fe、4Fe、6Fe合金), 研究了Fe含量对Nb-16Si合金的显微组织与室温力学性能的影响。结果表明: 铸态及热处理态(1350 ℃真空退火100 h) 2Fe和4Fe合金主要由Nb基固溶体(Nb_SS)、Nb₃Si和Nb₄FeSi三相组成, 随着Fe含量的增多, Nb₃Si含量减少, 而Nb₄FeSi含量增加, 6Fe合金仅由Nb_SS和Nb₄FeSi两相组成; 热处理后Nb_SS上有细小的硅化物析出; Nb-16Si合金中加入Fe元素后所生成的新相Nb₄FeSi是一个硬脆的硅化物相, 其显微硬度和室温断裂韧性 分别为HV 1110和1.22 MPa·m1/2; 随着Fe含量由2%提高到6%, 热处理态Nb-16Si-xFe合金的室温 断裂韧性呈略微下降趋势, 而硬度和压缩强度呈上升趋势。      

Composite strengthening in 6061 and Al-4 Mg alloys

Metal matrix composites using prealloyed 6061 Al (containing 1% Mg) and elemental blend Al-4 Mg alloys with 10 vol% SiC particulate reinforcements were fabricated using powder metallurgy techniques. The consolidation of the powders was effected by the section rolling process recently developed at the Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory. This process involves the successive steps of cold isostatic pressing, vacuum sintering and special canning followed by section rolling. This resulted in a high-integrity composite product. An interfacial layer containing magnesium-rich precipitates observed in both the composites is suggested to be the major reason for the low (compared to the value predicted by the rule of mixtures) modulus and strength values in these composites. This layer also appeared to promote interfacial failure at the alloy/SiC interface. The Al-4 Mg alloy, which is known to be non-heat treatable, was found to respond to precipitation hardening heat treatment in the composite. The enhanced generation of dislocations due to the presence of SiC, promoting a more homogeneous precipitation of the second phase and the possibility of an inhomogeneous distribution of magnesium (as a result of elemental blending) are suggested to be the major factors responsible for rendering the Al-4 Mg alloy amenable to the precipitation hardening heat treatment.