强磁场对Al-7%Si合金凝固过程中初生α-Al枝晶分布的影响

采用超导强磁场装置研究了磁场强度对有、无细化剂颗粒Al-7%Si(质量分数)合金凝固组织的作用效果。研究发现,施加强磁场使无细化剂颗粒合金中的初生α-Al枝晶转变为发达枝晶形貌,二次枝晶生长充分,三次枝晶分支明显,枝晶尖端清晰可见;晶粒细化,且枝晶主轴与磁场方向呈30°规则排列。施加强磁场后初生α-Al枝晶数量和Si在α-Al中的溶解度都有少量增加。强磁场抑制添加细化剂合金熔体中的对流,加剧了Ti的重力偏析,使初生α-Al相出现明显枝晶化趋势,方向性增强,枝晶臂粗化明显。     

超声温度对电机转子用Al-12%Si合金凝固组织及性能的影响

研究Al-12%Si合金在凝固期间受到不同功率超声作用时得到的组织结构,对α(Al)组织与Al+Si共晶相的微观形态进行了观察。实验测试结果表明:相对于未超声处理,对各凝固阶段加入超声场作用之后都会明显减小凝固组织的数量与气孔尺寸。增加超声作用后可以使各阶段的Al-12%Si合金都在凝固期间形成更小的气孔率,并且超声作用程度最明显的是液相阶段。受到超声作用的情况下,Si相发生了长宽比的显著减小,对初生组织的形核与晶粒生长过程进行超声后,得到了具有最小长宽比的Si相组织。加入超声处理后,使Al-12%Si合金形成了具有更高硬度的初生α(Al)相与共晶组织。与初生α(Al)相比,对合金液相进行超声时可以获得最大的硬度,相对未超声处理组织增大了20.3%。经过超声处理后,Al-12%Si合金在压缩期间出现了墩粗变形,具有明显的塑性变形特征,其屈服强度发生了较大提升。     

用行波电磁搅拌制备半固态AlSi7Mg合金浆料

用低过热度浇注和弱行波电磁搅拌工艺制备半固态AlSi7Mg合金浆料,研究了浇注温度和搅拌功率对其初生α-Al形貌的影响.结果表明,用该工艺可制备初生α-Al形貌呈小而圆整的球状晶粒,组织分布均匀,较大尺寸(直径为127 mm)的半固态AlSi7Mg合金浆料.浇注温度合适,短时间弱电磁搅拌(8 S左右)就可获得初生α-Al形貌大部分为球状,组织分布比较均匀的浆料组织.浇注温度一定,适当提高搅拌功率可明显改善初生α-Al的形貌,但是过高的搅拌功率并不能使初生α-Al的形貌进一步改善.用该工艺制备的半固态AlSi7Mg合金浆料,从其边部到心部的径向组织初生α-Al形貌经历了一个从枝晶组织向蔷薇状组织再向球状组织转变的过程.     

Preparation of semi-solid AlSi7Mg alloy slurry through traveling electromagnetic stirring

用低过热度浇注和弱行波电磁搅拌工艺制备半固态AlSi7Mg合金浆料, 研究了浇注温度和搅拌功率对其初生α-Al形貌的影响. 结果表明, 用该工艺可制备初生$\alpha$--Al形貌呈小而圆整的球状晶粒、组织分布均匀、 较大尺寸(直径为127 mm)的半固态AlSi7Mg合金浆料. 浇注温度合适, 短时间弱电磁搅拌(8 s左右)就可获得初生α-Al形貌大部分为球状, 组织分布比较均匀的浆料组织. 浇注温度一定, 适当提高搅拌功率可明显改善初生 α-Al的形貌, 但是过高的搅拌功率并不能使初生α-Al的形貌进一步改善. 用该工艺制备的半固态AlSi7Mg合金浆料, 从其边部到心部的径向组织初生 α-Al形貌经历了一个从枝晶组织向蔷薇状组织再向球状组织转变的过程.     

Mg对共晶Al-2%Fe合金显微组织的影响

为了消除粗大针状富铁相对Al-Fe合金组织和性能的不良影响,在金属型铸造共晶Al-2?合金中添加了质量分数为0.2%一0.8%的合金元素Mg,利用光学显微镜和电子探针研究了Mg对共晶合金组织以及富铁相形态的影响.研究结果表明:共晶Al-2?合金组织为针状Al3Fe相与(α-Al)相所组成的非规则共晶组织;添加Mg后,合金组织转变为由树枝状初生(α-Al)和枝晶间网状分布共晶体所组成的亚共晶组织,富铁相尺寸显著降低;随着Mg添加量的增加,初生(α-Al)枝晶二次枝晶间距增大,一次枝晶出现熔断.     

Mg对共晶Al-2％Fe合金显微组织的影响

为了消除粗大针状富铁相对Al-Fe合金组织和性能的不良影响，在金属型铸造共晶Al-2％Fe合金中添加了质量分数为0．2％～0．8％的合金元素Mg，利用光学显微镜和电子探针研究了Mg对共晶合金组织以及富铁相形态的影响．研究结果表明：共晶Al-2％Fe合金组织为针状Al3Fe相与（α-Al）相所组成的非规则共晶组织；添加Mg后，合金组织转变为由树枝状初生（α-Al）和枝晶间网状分布共晶体所组成的亚共晶组织，富铁相尺寸显著降低；随着Mg添加量的增加，初生（α-Al）枝晶二次枝晶间距增大，一次枝晶出现熔断。     

动态复合细化变质对A356铝合金显微组织的影响

为弥补Al-10Sr中间合金对A356铝合金变质处理的不足,采用自制的Al-5Ti-1B-1RE中间合金与A1-10Sr中间合金对A356铝合金进行动态复合细化变质处理,研究变质处理后合金的显微组织,并与理论计算结果进行了比较。结果表明:采用JJ-1型精密增力电动搅拌器对熔体进行强力搅拌、振动,动态复合细化变质不仅能使共晶硅相由粗大的板片状转变为细密的颗粒状,并在α-Al边界均匀析出,而且使α-Al相明显细化,力学性能显著提高,与约翰逊-梅尔方程理论对组织晶粒尺寸控制研究结果相一致;同时A356铝合金熔体吸气倾向显著减轻,与热力学近似计算方程和斯托克斯定律对除气机制进行定量计算研究结果相一致。     

冷却速率对Al-20％Si合金Si相形貌及性能的影响

使用高精度测温仪、金相显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)等手段,研究了冷却速率、过冷度和再辉温度对Al-20%Si合金Si相形貌和性能的影响。结果表明:Al-20%Si合金初生Si的平均尺寸(D)与冷却速率(v)呈幂函数关系D=260.6v^-3/4,而与再辉温度(T_m)则呈线性关系D=0.25T_m-143.12;降低初生Si生长的再辉温度,是控制晶粒长大的关键;铜模的高蓄热系数能持续降低初生Si的形核温度和再辉温度,使初生Si细小;初生Si由小平面生长转变为非小平面生长的临界过冷度为70 K,与理论计算结果(74 K)基本一致;随着冷却速率的增大、过冷度的增加和再辉温度的降低,Al-20%Si合金的凝固组织显著细化,合金的抗拉强度由167 MPa提高到210 MPa,延伸率则由2.14%提高到3.89%。     

Sr-Y复合变质对Al-7Si合金组织和性能的影响

为降低锶(Sr)变质Al-7Si合金熔体的含氢量和解决单添加稀土钇(Y)导致合金生产成本上升的问题,利用测氢仪、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、WDW电子万能试验机和导电仪等测试手段,研究了 Sr-Y复合变质对Al-7Si合金微观组织和力学性能的影响规律并对其作用机制进行了分析探讨.结果表明,Sr-Y复合变质不仅能降低合金熔体含氢量,还具有细化α-Al相和变质共晶Si的作用,同时能够提高合金力学性能和导电率.当添加0.05％Sr+0.15％Y复合变质剂时,熔体含氢量仅为0.12 mL/(100g Al),合金α-Al相高度细化为致密的等轴晶或椭圆晶,共晶Si从粗大的板片状和纤维状转变为细小的颗粒状.T6热处理后的合金抗拉强度、延伸率和导电率达到了 296 MPa、10.2％和41.7％IACS,比单独Sr变质分别提高了 10％、21％和7％,其拉伸断口表面呈现大量细小密集的韧窝,形状规则且分布均匀,属于韧性断裂.     

脉冲电流参数对内燃机用Ti-44.5Al-3Nb-0.8Si合金凝固组织演变的影响北大核心CSCD

采用脉冲电流方法处理Ti-44.5Al-3Nb-0.8Si合金熔体的凝固过程,并测试不同脉冲电流条件下合金凝固组织性能,对组织结构的变化过程进行了深入分析。实验结果表明:当电流密度与频率都升高后,生成了互相垂直的枝晶结构,以及具有bcc晶体结构的β组织。随着电流密度增加,合金一次枝晶距离发生先降低后升高,最小值发生在电流密度为64 mA/mm^2时;当脉冲电流频率上升后,形成了距离更小的一次枝晶。脉冲电流下合金中形成了许多片层组织。当电流密度升高后,α2/γ相的片层间距发生了先降低后升高;提高脉冲电流频率会引起α2/γ组织的片层间距降低的现象,脉冲电流可以使TiAl合金形成更加细化的片层并提升均匀性。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.