纳米Al2O3/玻璃纤维/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯复合材料非等温结晶行为研究--(Ⅰ)结晶与熔融行为

通过熔融共混法制备了纳米A l2O3/玻璃纤维(GF)/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)复合材料,利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对其非等温结晶过程、熔融行为及结晶度进行了研究。结果发现,纳米A l2O3粒子的异相成核作用有利于复合材料结晶速率的增加,使得非等温结晶温度提高,双熔融峰现象中的低温熔融峰的熔融温度也有所提高。同时,在PBT基体中,纳米A l2O3粒子在一定程度上可以改变玻璃纤维对复合材料结晶行为的影响而使结晶度发生改变。     

纳米粒子的分散状态对聚丙烯结晶行为的影响

用普通熔融共混与低剪切应力场下聚合物/纳米粒子的分散共混方法制备出聚丙烯/无机纳米粒子复合材料,采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)与偏光显微镜(PFM)对试样的结晶行为进行研究发现:在填充粒子含量相同情况下,均匀分散的纳米粒子可以较大提高聚丙烯的结晶温度,结晶速率,使晶体尺寸减小,而普通熔融共混制备的试样中,纳米粒子虽然也一定程度增加了聚合物的结晶温度,却并不改变晶体的尺寸。结果表明,当制备聚合物/纳米粒子复合材料时,纳米粒子在基体中的分散程度极大地影响聚合物基体的结晶行为。     

Step-scan DSC研究PET/纳米CaCO3复合材料的结晶和熔融行为

采用纳米碳酸钙(CaCO3)浆料直接分散于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的单体乙二醇中,原位聚合制备出分散均匀的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/CaCO3纳米复合材料。分别利用传统的差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和步进扫描DSC(Step-scan DSC)技术研究了CaCO3含量变化对PET结晶和熔融行为的影响及非等温结晶动力学过程。结果表明,纳米粒子与PET的相互作用较弱,对PET结晶主要起促进作用,使结晶更加完善,碳酸钙的含量达到3%时,相对结晶速率达到最大。结晶初期,纳米粒子异相成核作用占优势,这种优势随着纳米粒子含量的增加而有所减弱;结晶后期,纳米粒子对高分子运动的牵制作用比较明显。     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的非等温结晶动力学研究

采用DSC研究了聚丙烯及聚丙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的非等温结晶行为。结果表明,纳米分散的硅酸盐片层在很少的加入量时即可提高复合材料的结晶度,使复合材料的结晶温度升高,与此同时,无机物含量仅为1％时即可明显加快复合材料的结晶速率。     

纳米碳酸钙改性聚丙烯共聚物的非等温结晶动力学

用DSC手段考察了反应釜内原位共聚制备的含有成核剂及纳米碳酸钙的聚丙烯(PP)共聚物的非等温结晶行为。结果表明，成核剂使PP共聚物的结晶温度升高，结晶度降低，结晶速率略有提高。而纳米碳酸钙则大幅提高了PP共聚物的结晶温度和结晶速率，结晶度也增加了约10％。并采用Ozawa法和Caze法描述了非等温结晶动力学。     

无机粒子/聚合物复合材料的结晶行为

综述了无机粒子和纳米粒子／聚合物复合材料的一些结晶性能，主要论述无机粒子对聚合物结晶的熔点、结晶温度及结晶度的影响；聚合物晶形及结构的变化；并论述了无机粒子和纳米粒子／聚合物复合材料的结晶动力学理论；概括了无机粒子和纳米粒子／聚合物复合材料的结晶影响因素。     

尼龙6/埃洛石纳米管纳米复合材料的制备与性能

通过熔融共混制备了尼龙-6(PA6)/埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)纳米复合材料.研究了HNTs含量对PA6/HNTs纳米复合材料微观形态、力学性能、结晶行为的影响.结果表明,在熔融共混条件下,HNTs不经过任何表面处理即可以纳米尺度均匀地分散于PA6基体中.随着HNTs含量的增加,纳米复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量显著提高.DSC结果显示HNTs的存在起到了成核剂的作用,提高了PA6的结晶温度.HNTs份数少时能提高PA6/HNTs纳米复合材料的结晶度,份数多时会使其结晶度下降和生成不稳定的晶体.     

PET/SiO2纳米复合材料的结晶和形貌研究

利用X射线衍射仪、DSC和扫描电子显微镜研究了纳米SiO2不同含量的PET/SiO2复合材料在恒温条件下的结晶度、熔化温度和晶体形貌。结果发现,SiO2纳米粒子含量对复合材料的结晶速度有很大影响;球晶尺寸与SiO2纳米粒子添加量密切相关。     

LLDPE/MAH-LLDPE/SiO_2复合材料的形态结构与增韧机理

采用线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)与马来酸酐接枝的LLDPE(MAH-LLDPE)通过熔融共混与注塑成型工艺,制备了LLDPE/MAH-LLDPE/SiO2复合材料。MAH-LLDPE对LLDPE/SiO2复合材料起到了界面增容作用,纳米SiO2粒子以30 nm~160 nm的尺寸较均匀地分散在复合材料中,并与聚合物基体形成良好的界面粘接。这些均匀分散的SiO2粒子起到异相成核作用,促进了复合材料中LLDPE相的结晶,提高了其晶面厚度、熔点和结晶温度;另一方面,SiO2和MAH-LLDPE中少量的凝胶降低了LLDPE的结晶度。在复合材料冲击断裂过程中,纳米SiO2粒子起到应力集中作用,诱导其邻近的聚合物基体屈服、界面空化;同时呈多尺度分布的纳米SiO2聚集粒子发生粒子间的分离,吸收能量,从而实现了对LLDPE的增韧作用。     

LDPE熔融接枝纳米SiO2协同增韧PPS的研究

采用熔融接枝共混法制备PPS基纳米复合材料。熔融接枝改性的纳米S iO2粒子在PPS中形成界面粘接较好的S iO2-LDPE核壳包覆结构以及微纤网络结构,使PPS结晶温度显著提高、晶粒细化、结晶度降低。包覆结构、微纤网络结构的形成和结晶特性的变化对PPS的增韧效果显著,使复合材料冲击强度高达85.1 kJ/m2(纯PPS的3.7倍)。     

抗静电PET/ATO纤维的制备及材料的性能

采用原位聚合的方法制备了抗静电涤纶(PET)/锑掺杂二氧化锡(ATO)纳米复合材料。结果显示,ATO在PET中分散良好,团聚体尺寸小于200 nm;加入ATO没有影响PET的流动曲线类型,随着ATO含量的增加,在相同的剪切频率下,熔体黏度均呈先增加后减小的趋势;加入ATO提高了材料的热性能,利于熔融纺丝。采用熔融纺丝法制备了抗静电纳米复合纤维。ATO含量为1.0%(质量分数,下同)时纤维的比电阻由2.7×1013Ω.cm下降到4.9×108Ω.cm。抗静电纤维的渗滤阈值为1.05%,低于传统抗静电填料。     

均匀沉淀法制备碳纳米管/氧化锌复合材料的研究

采用均匀沉淀法制备了碳纳米管(CNTs)负栽氧化锌(ZnO)粒子复合材料,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X光衍射分析(XRD)以及热失重分析(TGA)手段对复合粒子进行了表征.研究结果表明:锌离子浓度取0.4mol/L至1.0mol/L时,所得复合材料中的氧化锌粒子大小均匀细小,分散性较好,形貌以粒状为主,大小在40nm左右;纳米氧化锌粒子与碳纳米管结合力较强,CNTs/ZnO复合材料在超声作用下能够稳定存在;反应时间越长,氧化锌粒子含量越高,晶粒越大;热解温度越高,热解时间越长,氧化锌晶粒尺寸越大.     

Thermal and rheological properties of biodegradable poly[(butylene succinate)-co-adipate] nanocomposites

The thermal and rheological properties of clay-containing poly[(butylene succinate)-co-adipate] (PBSA) nanocomposites are reported. The nanocomposites of PBSA with various weight percentages of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) loadings have been prepared by melt-mixing in a batch-mixer. The melting and crystallization behaviours of PBSA and its nanocomposites have been studied using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The melt-state rheological properties of pure PBSA and its nanocomposites containing different amounts of OMMT have been studied in detail. The reason for this is that the rheological responses of any nanofilled polymeric materials are strongly related by their dispersed structure and the interfacial characteristic. Results show that the structural strength of all samples remains constant in the examined time interval at an experimental temperature. The dominant viscous behaviour of pure PBSA is getting suppressed up to a certain OMMT loading (4 wt%). Nanocomposite containing 5 wt% OMMT is showing almost "at the gel point" behaviour, suggesting that the material is behaving near the borderline between liquid and solid; while nanocomposite containing 6 wt% OMMT is showing the gel character. The dispersed structure of the clay particles in the PBSA matrix was studied by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Results show that the stacked and intercalated silicate layers are nicely dispersed in the case of all nanocomposites. However, with a systematic increase in OMMT loading, the dispersed clay structure of the nanocomposites changes from a highly delaminated to a flocculated and then to a stacked-intercalated structure. In the case of all nanocomposites, melt-state rheological properties are in good agreement with the STEM observations.     

Effect of particle size distribution on the magnetic properties γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles

The magnetic response of nanocomposites formed by non-interacting well dispersed γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles in a polymer matrix is presented. Various low loading fraction of particles in polymer leads to an observation of similar values of blocking temperatures and coercive fields. ac response confirms that particles are non-interacting and follow Neel–Brown model. Effect of particle size distribution on hysteresis behavior and saturation magnetization as a function of temperature is discussed. Since particles have a size distribution, the experimental results of magnetic response are compared with simulations based on Stoner–Wohlfarth model of single size particles. We have devised a measurement method in which a constant magnetic field was applied while the thermal energy is varied by sequentially heating and cooling the sample below the blocking temperature. Nanoparticle–polymer composites show reversible magnetization behavior for sequential heating/cooling cycles. However, simulation based on single size particle system shows irreversible magnetization behavior during the heating and cooling cycles. These observations are qualitatively explained in terms of different behavior of magnetization as a function of temperature for smaller superparamagnetic particles and larger blocked particles below overall blocking temperature of the composite.     

磁性Fe3O4纳米复合材料的制备及其对Pb(II)的吸附

为解决磁性纳米Fe₃O₄易被腐蚀、团聚等问题,可对其进行功能化修饰。在超声波辐照下首先制备磁性纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒,然后选用2,5-二氨基苯磺酸(SP)和间苯二胺(mPD)单体为引入剂进行功能化修饰,制备得到富含氨基、磺酸基和亚氨基活性官能团的金属基复合材料Fe3O4-mPD/SP(95∶5),并采用FTIR、TEM、XRD等手段对其进行表征,证实了超声波辐照法制得的磁性纳米复合材料具有稳定性好、反应活性高、粒径小和比表面积更大等特点。同时考察其对Pb(II)的吸附性能,结果表明：mPD和SP摩尔比、溶液pH值、竞争性阳离子种类和反应温度等因素均会影响吸附效果;等温吸附过程符合Freundlich模型,吉布斯自由能?G0<0,吸附是一个自发过程;Pb(II)的吸附行为符合准二级动力学,速率常数k₂=3.61×10^-3 g·mg^-1·min^-1,平衡吸附量q_e=63.297 mg·g     

Polyaniline/CuCl nanocomposites prepared by UV rays irradiation

In present paper, polynailine (PANI)/CuCl nanocomposites were prepared by UV rays irradiation method. In this method, photons in the UV rays and Cu²⁺ ions replaced conventional oxidant such as ammonium persulfate (APS) to promote polymerization of aniline monomer. The PANI/CuCl nanocomposites were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and electron diffraction (ED). The results indicated that aniline could polymerize to PANI by UV rays irradiation. Meanwhile, the results of HRTEM and ED confirmed that the CuCl dispersed into PANI was single crystal with cubic crystal structure. A potential formation mechanism of PANI/CuCl nanocomposites was investigated and suggested.     

Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles

Monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles with 5–20 nm can be synthesized by an inexpensive and simple ultrasonic-assisted method at low temperature. This is based on the decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl in cis–trans decalin. The high energy emitted by ultrasonic irradiation at a short time can promote the crystallization process simultaneously. At low temperature, these crystalline nucleuses can grow to monodisperse nanoparticles. Effects of ultrasonic treatment, the concentration of surfactant and the refluxing time on the size and size distribution of iron oxide nanoparticles were investigated. The morphology and crystal structure of iron oxide nanoparticles obtained at different conditions were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction.