二层粘弹阻尼复合结构的优化设计

构造二节点八自由度有限元模型对二层粘弹弱约束阻尼复合结构的动力学特性进行了数值分析，其计算结果与实验结果基本一致．利用此有限元模型研究了各层阻尼材料的几何及物理参数对复合结构阻尼性能的影响．     

影响约束阻尼结构阻尼性能的因素

采用自由梁振动法,研究阻尼层厚度、约束层材料及环境温度等三个变量,对约束阻尼结构阻尼性能的影响。结果表明：阻尼层厚度在1 mm～4 mm范围内,约束阻尼结构的阻尼性能随阻尼层厚度的增加而降低; 约束层材料分别为钢板、大理石板、砂浆板时,约束阻尼结构的阻尼性能不同;低温、高温环境均使约束阻尼结构阻尼值变小; 常温环境下,约束阻尼结构的阻尼值较大,复合损耗因子超过了0.154。     

多层粘弹阻尼复合结构阻尼性能的研究

制备了多层粘弹阻尼复合结构，并研究了其阻尼性能．实验结果表明，多层粘弹弱约束阻尼复合结构的阻尼性能优于多层粘弹自由阻尼复合结构的阻尼性能．     

约束阻尼结构对阻尼峰移动的影响

通过对ＳＡ－３Ｃ、Ｔ５４／６０型阻尼材料复合前后阻尼性能的测试及用数学优化法对测试数据进行计算机模拟处理，建立了拟合方程。讨论了约束阻尼结构、多层阻尼结构和不同阻尼材料对阻尼峰移动的影响。     

阻尼层合板中波传播性能研究

最近许多约束阻尼复合结构的研究中,阻尼层一般都选用粘弹性材料,由于粘弹性材料的刚度一般远小于约束层和基层的刚度,所以大部分研究都在计算和建模时,忽略粘弹材料的弯曲刚度,而不考虑阻尼层的外延和弯曲变形的影响。应用高阶理论研究了敷设具有一定刚度的蜂房型粘弹性材料的约束阻尼层合板结构动力学方程,探讨了复合层合板梁在振动情况时材料的弯曲刚度,剪切刚度对弯曲波在复合梁中传播的能量损耗影响,以及各层厚对层合板梁的阻尼性能的影响。     

玻璃钢约束阻尼复合结构的阻尼特性

以玻璃纤维增强树脂作为约束层主要材料、丁腈橡胶为阻尼层、钢板为基板制备约束阻尼复合结构, 运用动态黏弹谱仪和悬臂梁共振法, 研究温度、约束层刚度和阻尼层结构对约束阻尼复合结构减振效果的影响。结果表明:自由阻尼复合板的最大阻尼范围落在阻尼层的玻璃化转变区;玻璃钢约束层能将复合结构的阻尼拓展至阻尼层的高弹态区域, 增加阻尼层厚度可以提高约束复合板的阻尼性能;提高孔隙率同样有利于约束复合板阻尼性能提升;铝板约束层提升作用尤为显著, 然而在海洋环境、干湿交替等强腐蚀场合中, 铝板极易腐蚀而丧失约束功能, 因此在这类特殊场合下耐腐蚀的玻璃钢具有优势。      

聚醚氨酯结构与阻尼性能的研究（Ⅱ）

在前文利用动态粘弹仪讨论聚醚氨酯结构与阻尼性能关系的基础上，进一步探讨了由聚醚氨酯作为阻尼层，高模量环氧复合材料作为约束层构成的约束阻尼结构的阻尼性能。结果表明，聚醚氨酯结构对约束阻尼结构的阻尼性能影响很大；其模量也影响材料与金属复合后的阻尼性能，而且复合后的损耗因子峰值温度（Ｔａ）往往较聚醚氨酯的玻璃化温度（Ｔｇ）高２０℃左右；适当的软硬段配比可获得在－２０℃～＋６０℃宽温域内性能优良的阻尼材料     

陶瓷/纤维/阻尼复合靶板抗冲击性能及优化

随着弹体的侵彻能力逐渐增强，复合防弹装甲成为不可或缺的装备之一。基于ANSYS建立了陶瓷/纤维/阻尼复合防弹靶板的冲击有限元模型，揭示了材料参数和几何参数对复合防弹靶板的影响规律，利用多目标遗传算法优化了碳化硅陶瓷/碳纤维/超高分子量聚乙烯纤维/背层阻尼复合防弹靶板结构，并通过实验验证了优化设计结果的可信性。结果表明：同面密度条件下，涂刷一定厚度背层阻尼对靶板防弹性能的提升较为显著；采用遗传算法优化后的复合防弹靶板结构为：6.9mm碳化硅陶瓷/4.8mm碳纤维层合板/6.0mm超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维层合板/1.1mm阻尼，面密度为36.236kg/m²。相同防弹性能条件下，与陶瓷/装甲钢结构靶板相比，优化后的靶板面密度降低超过49%。     

玻璃鳞片对聚氨酯复合结构的阻尼性能影响

填料对阻尼材料和结构的减振效果具有重要的影响,本文以聚氨酯阻尼材料、自由阻尼结构和约束型阻尼结构为研究对象,利用半功率带宽法,考察聚氨酯阻尼材料中加入玻璃鳞片的含量、尺寸对悬臂梁结构复合损耗因子的影响规律,为阻尼材料的改性及阻尼结构设计提供基础理论依据。结果表明,玻璃鳞片在聚氨酯阻尼树脂中呈定向排列,形成多层片层结构。随着玻璃鳞片的加入,通过玻璃鳞片和阻尼树脂之间的界面摩擦可消耗更多的能量,使得复合损耗因子变大,但过高的玻璃鳞片含量会限制其运动,从而导致复合损耗因子降低;当聚氨酯阻尼树脂中加入的玻璃鳞片的尺寸逐渐变大时,阻尼结构的复合损耗因子逐渐变大,且复合损耗因子增大的速度逐渐减小。     

玻璃鳞片对聚氨酯复合结构的阻尼性能影响

填料对阻尼材料和结构的减振效果具有重要的影响,本文以聚氨酯阻尼材料、自由阻尼结构和约束型阻尼结构为研究对象,利用半功率带宽法,考察聚氨酯阻尼材料中加入玻璃鳞片的含量、尺寸对悬臂梁结构复合损耗因子的影响规律,为阻尼材料的改性及阻尼结构设计提供基础理论依据。结果表明,玻璃鳞片在聚氨酯阻尼树脂中呈定向排列,形成多层片层结构。随着玻璃鳞片的加入,通过玻璃鳞片和阻尼树脂之间的界面摩擦可消耗更多的能量,使得复合损耗因子变大,但过高的玻璃鳞片含量会限制其运动,从而导致复合损耗因子降低;当聚氨酯阻尼树脂中加入的玻璃鳞片的尺寸逐渐变大时,阻尼结构的复合损耗因子逐渐变大,且复合损耗因子增大的速度逐渐减小。     

复合材料微结构多目标自适应拓扑优化

提出适用于多目标最优化问题的自适应加权系数算法 , 将其应用于周期性两相材料微结构拓扑优化。以具有一定体积分数实体材料和对称性的单胞微结构作为优化对象。将单胞经有限元划分 , 应用均匀化方法计算单胞的等效弹性模量。以材料的等效弹性模量作为目标函数 , 以单胞各单元的相对密度作为设计变量 , 并引入SIMP单元刚度插值格式对中间密度单元进行惩罚。在迭代过程中 , 根据目标函数的变化 , 自适应调节加权系数 ,以保证各个分目标在目标函数中的比重。应用自适应加权系数算法 , 对单胞等效弹性模量设定不同的加权系数组合 , 得到了不同的单胞微结构拓扑。数值算例验证了所提出的自适应加权系数算法可以有效地求解复合材料微结构多目标拓扑优化问题。      

Design of hybrid steel/composite circular plate cutting tool structures

Substituting composite structures for conventional metallic structures has many advantages because composite materials have both high specific stiffness and damping characteristics compared to conventional metallic materials. In this study, circular plate cutting tools which are used for rough machining of bearing sites in crankshafts or camshafts were designed with the fiber reinforced composite material to reduce tool mass and to improve the dynamic stiffness of circular plate cutting tools. The hybrid steel/composite circular plate cutting tool was analyzed by finite element method with respect to material types such as composite and foam, stacking angles of the composite, adhesive bonding thickness, and dimensions of the cutting tool. Also, the constrained damping characteristics of the tools were experimentally investigated with respect to the adhesive bonding thickness and material type such as composite and PVC foam. From the finite element analysis and experimental results, optimal design parameters for the hybrid steel/composite circular plate cutting tool were suggested.     

玻璃纤维芯-铅网增强橡胶复合材料动态性能

制备了具有不同结构和界面结合强度的玻璃纤维芯2铅网增强橡胶复合材料( GF- Pb/ R) , 并通过测试复合材料的力滞回线, 研究了其在3～20 Hz 时的动态性能。结果表明, GF- Pb 网增强结构可以同时提高橡胶的动态力学性能和阻尼性能, 其中GF-Pb 网垂向增强方式的性能改善效果明显, 当GF-Pb 网体积分数为4 %时, 其动刚度和损耗因子的提高率可分别达到49 %和25 %。GF- Pb/ R 复合材料阻尼性能是材料阻尼、界面微滑移阻尼、Pb 塑性变形阻尼等多种阻尼机制共同作用的结果。界面粘结强度显著影响了复合材料的力学性能和阻尼行为: GF-Pb/ R 刚度随界面结合强度的增大而提高; 损耗因子按照界面中等强度结合、强结合、弱结合的顺序递增。      

Finite element prediction of damping of composite GFRP and CFRP laminates – a hybrid formulation – vibration damping experiments and Rayleigh damping

The work reported in this paper describes the development of a hybrid methodology for the prediction of damping properties of vibrating composite laminates; this method could also be applied to homogeneous materials. This hybrid methodology consists of experimental identification of damping, using vibration damping testing methods, and utilization of FEA. The experimentally identified damping property is that of specific damping capacity (SDC), a measure of damping during the 1st mode of resonant vibration of beams. The finite element approach utilizes the concept of Rayleigh damping, and in particular mass proportional damping for the modeling of the damped response of vibrating systems. It is shown that by using such a methodology, damping data can be extracted for cases where application of continuum mechanics analytical solutions cannot provide reliable information. Furthermore, the development of the finite element models is described. The association of damping properties with material reinforcement is highlighted. A series of continuous and woven, cross ply and quasi isotropic GFRP and CFRP coupons were vibrated. The FE damped response prediction was in very good agreement with laboratory observations.     

由材料组分直接计算功能梯度复合材料开孔板宏观响应的跨尺度分析

建议一种新颖的功能梯度构件分析的细观元法, 给出了方法模型、基本算式及特点与功能。细观元法对构件的常规有限单元内部设置密集细观单元以反映材料组分梯度变化, 又通过协调条件将各细观元结点自由度转换为同一常规有限元自由度, 再上机计算。此法可实现材料细观结构到构件宏观响应的直接过渡分析, 而计算单元与自由度又等同于常规有限元, 为解决功能梯度构件宏观、细观跨尺度分析提供了一种有效工具。本文中直接从制备时给定材料组分分布出发计算构件宏观响应, 给出了不同开孔形状与数量功能梯度板的力学量三维分布形态。      

Prediction of material coupling effect on structural damping of composite beams and blades

The present paper investigates the effect of material coupling on static and modal characteristics of composite structures. Incorporation of stiffness and damping coupling terms into a beam formulation yields equivalent section stiffness and damping properties. Building upon the damping mechanics, an extended beam finite element is developed capable of providing the stiffness and damping matrices of the structure. Validation cases on beams and blades demonstrate the importance of all stiffness and damping terms. Numerical results validate the predicted effect of material coupling on static characteristics of composite box-section beams. The effect of the full coupling damping matrices on modal frequencies and structural modal damping of composite beams is investigated. Box-section beams and small blade models with various ply angle laminations at the girder segments are considered. Finally, the developed finite element is applied to the prediction of the modal characteristics of a 19 m realistic wind-turbine model blade.     

含分层损伤复合材料等三角形格栅加筋板的起裂和扩展过程研究

对在压缩载荷下先进复合材料等三角形格栅加筋板结构 (AGS) 后屈曲阶段的分层起裂和扩展过程进行了研究。基于一阶剪切变形理论和 Von2 Karman几何非线性关系 , 提出了 AGS结构后屈曲有限元分析模型 ;基于总能量释放率准则 , 并利用虚裂纹闭合法 (VCCT) 及自适应网格的生成和移动技术分析了分层损伤的扩展过程 , 在分析过程中考虑了分层前缘的接触效应。并通过典型算例 , 讨论了不同的初始分层尺寸、 肋骨刚度对等三角形格栅加筋板结构的分层起裂和扩展过程的影响 , 通过与具有相同几何尺度的正交格栅加筋板结构的比较 ,说明等三角形格栅加筋板结构具有较高的抗分层能力。本文方法和所得结论对 A GS结构的承载能力预测和设计将具有参考价值。      

复合材料网格结构模态分析的均匀化等效建模

复合材料网格结构由于内部结构复杂 , 在有限元分析中难以建立实际模型 , 需要对结构采用均匀化方法进行弹性常数等效。本文中根据结构的最小势能原理和有限元法基本思想 , 对结构的弹性力学基本方程进行了推导 , 使用有限单元法中的位移场 , 根据应变能相等的原则 , 得出了求解等效弹性矩阵的一种比较通用的方法 ;根据动能相等的原则 , 得出了等效质量的求解公式。采用有限元方法 , 对胞元进行了拉伸和剪切载荷下的细观力学分析 , 将分析结果代入到推导的公式 , 求出了复合材料网格结构的等效特性参数 ; 使用求得的等效模型对结构进行了宏观仿真 , 并与实际模型仿真结果进行对比。研究结果表明 , 该等效方法具有较好的精度 , 能够满足工程的需要 , 可用于各类大型结构的分析。      

Numerical simulation of the impact behaviors of shear thickening fluid impregnated warp-knitted spacer fabric

The impact behavior of warp-knitted spacer fabrics (WKSFs) impregnated with shear thickening fluid (STF) under low-velocity impact loadings have been investigated from experimental and finite element analyses (FEA) approaches. From the experimental approach, the impact load–displacement curves have been obtained. It was observed that the WKSF impregnated with the STF composite material (the WKSF/STF composite) shows a higher stiffness and lower peak force than those of the WKSF under the same impact loadings. In FEA approach, the geometrical models of the WKSF and the WKSF/STF composite material were established based on the WKSF fabric architectures. The dynamic responses including the impact load–displacement curves and impact deformation of the samples were predicted based on finite element analyses at the microstructure level. It was found that the STF and the coupling effect between the STF fluid and fiber tows are the key factors which influence the cushioning behaviors of the composite. The energy absorption mechanisms include the buckling of the spacer finer tows and the thickening effect of the STF under impact loading. The WKSF/STF composite could be expected as a damping or energy-absorptive materials under impact loading.     

Finite element prediction of damping of composite GFRP and CFRP laminates – a hybrid formulation – vibration damping experiments and Rayleigh damping

The work reported in this paper describes the development of a hybrid methodology for the prediction of damping properties of vibrating composite laminates; this method could also be applied to homogeneous materials. This hybrid methodology consists of experimental identification of damping, using vibration damping testing methods, and utilization of FEA. The experimentally identified damping property is that of specific damping capacity (SDC), a measure of damping during the first mode of resonant vibration of beams. The finite element (FE) approach utilizes the concept of Rayleigh damping, and in particular mass proportional damping for the modeling of the damped response of vibrating systems. It is shown that by using such a methodology, damping data can be extracted for cases, where application of continuum mechanics analytical solutions cannot provide reliable information. Furthermore, the development of the finite element models is described. The association of damping properties with material reinforcement is highlighted. A series of continuous and woven, cross ply and quasi isotropic GFRP and CFRP coupons were vibrated. The FE damped response prediction was in very good agreement with laboratory observations.