层板复合型TiAl基合金微层板的制备及组织性能研究

详细介绍了箔片热加工和电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)在制备TiAl基合金微层板方面的特点及研究现状.重点讨论了EB-PVD制备TiAl基合金微层板的组织与性能,结果表明:TiA1基合金薄板的显微组织结构为非平直的柱状晶,亚结构为月牙形形貌;TiAl/Nb微层板中Nb层的显微组织形貌为粗大的等轴晶;TiAl/NiCoCrAl微层板中NiCo-CrA1层则主要由平直柱状晶结构的γ-Ni相组成.TiA1基合金微层板具有比TiAl基合金薄板更好的常高温力学性能,尤其是在750℃左右的高温环境中,TiAl/NiCoCrAl微层板的增韧效果最佳,伸长率高达72.2％;而TiAl/Nb微层板则表现出最好的高温综合性能,其高温抗拉强度高达443.1MPa,几乎与其室温时的抗拉强度持平.     

雾化沉积Al—Cu—Mg合金的显微组织

本文采用雾化沉积技术制备了大块Ａ１—Ｃｕ—Ｍｇ合金快速凝固材料，对沉积态和经挤压及热处理后的材料组织进行了观察和分析。结果表明基体呈全部等轴晶并存在少量显微孔洞是沉积态组织的主要特征。过饱和固溶体、时效析出相以及变形和热处理过程中形成的弥散相构成了材料的主要强化相。     

热处理对TiAl/Ti2AlNb放电等离子扩散焊接头微观组织与力学性能的影响

采用放电等离子扩散连接方法,实现了TiAl/Ti2 AlNb合金扩散连接,对焊后的接头进行不同温度的热处理,分析热处理后接头显微组织,并检测接头抗拉强度和显微硬度.结果表明:热处理后Ti2 AlNb母材、TiAl母材和界面处显微形貌无明显变化;Ti2 AlNb热影响区发生B2相向O相转变,由于针状O相的析出,热影响区的显微硬度较焊态显著增加.随着热处理温度的升高,Ti2 AlNb热影响区的显微硬度逐渐减小,接头的室温抗拉强度逐渐增加.当热处理温度为900℃时,接头抗拉强度最大为376 MPa.热处理后接头的断裂方式为脆性断裂.     

TiAl基合金强韧化原理及新技术的研究

采用现代测试技术,较详尽地研究了TiAl基合金工程材料的强韧化原理、新工艺和新技术。 在合金化方面,探讨了Sb、Pb、Sn和Nd的添加对TiAl基合金显微组织和室温力学性能的影响。其中,Sb具有显著改善 TiAl基合金室温力学性能和高温抗氧化能力的作用。TiAl+Sb合金室温变形时,α_2/γ层片状晶粒的γ板条内形成大量变形孪晶。TiAl+Sb合金的抗氧化性甚至优于Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb合金。 在晶粒细化剂的研究中,发现BN可使TiAl基合金铸态晶粒显著细化,其效果优于XD~(TM)技术中的TiB_2。 在TiAl基合金的表面化学热处理的开创性的探讨中,发现渗碳处理可有效地强化TiAl基合金表层,从而明显地提高合金的室温力学性能。多层、复杂结构的渗碳层具有良好的组织热稳定性和抗氧化性,因而使TiAl基合金抗高温长时间氧化能力得到显著改善。 较全面地探讨了TiAl基合金常规热加工和热处理的金属学原理,讨论了常规热处理对热变形TiAl基合金试样的局限性。在此研究基础上,提出了双温热处理新工艺。研究了双温热处理对TiAl基合金热变形试样的显微组织和室温拉伸性能的影响。探讨了双温热处理的金属学原理。     

电场激活压力辅助法原位合成TiC-TiB_2-Ni/TiAl/Ti功能梯度材料

运用电场激活压力辅助合成(FAPAS)和原位合成技术制备了TiC-TiB2-Ni/TiAl/Ti功能梯度材料,主要研究了外加电场对材料合成及层界面扩散连接的作用,分析了材料各层及界面微观组织和相组成;分析了电场的施加以及TiAl的燃烧反应对材料合成过程及合成结构的影响;研究结果表明,TiC-TiB2-Ni/TiAl/Ti功能梯度材料的界面区产生成分的互扩散和形成了良好的冶金结合,从钛板到金属陶瓷层的显微硬度呈梯度变化。     

Ti60合金板材的室温强度与其显微组织和织构的关系

研究了Ti60合金板材的组织、织构随热处理温度的变化规律及其对室温强度的影响。结果表明:对于Ti60合金板材,与轧制态相比,在α单相区热处理后显微组织和织构基本不变;随着热处理温度由α+β两相区升高到β单相区,等轴初生α相体积分数减少直至完全转变为片层次生α相,T型织构成分逐渐消失,并形成新的织构。在热处理温度下初生α相的体积分数,是决定是否形成新织构的主要因素:初生α相大量存在时次生α相的取向与之相近;初生α相体积分数减少对次生α相取向的影响减弱,次生α相的{0001}晶面易形成新的集中取向,与高温轧制变形后形成的β相织构有关。板材同一方向(TD或RD)的室温强度变化主要受晶内亚结构的影响:α单相区热处理后未消除晶内亚结构,板材的室温强度与轧态接近;α+β两相区和β单相区热处理消除了晶内亚结构,使强度明显降低。消除晶内亚结构后,板材相同方向的室温强度受显微组织的影响较小:初生α相体积分数的减少对室温强度没有明显的影响,在两相区不同温度热处理的板材其室温强度相当,β单相区热处理后板材的室温强度呈降低趋势,但是不同方向上的降低幅度受织构的影响较大。织构和晶内亚结构共同影响板材室温强度的各向异性,在晶体学c轴集中取向的方向上强度较高,晶内亚结构的存在弱化织构对拉伸强度各向异性的影响,在两相区和β单相区热处理消除了晶内亚结构,使板材的各向异性增强。     

热等静压/热处理工艺对激光选区熔化成形GH4169合金微观组织与拉伸性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用激光选区熔化(SLM)成形技术制备GH4169合金,利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和透射电镜(TEM)等分析热等静压/热处理工艺对SLM成形GH4169合金微观组织及拉伸性能的影响规律.结果表明:沉积态合金组织中,沿沉积方向的晶粒为柱状晶,晶粒内枝晶组织细小,枝晶间分布大量Laves相;经热等静压后,合金中的气孔及Laves相可被有效消除,沿沉积方向的晶粒转变为等轴晶;经980℃/1 h固溶处理后,合金中的晶界处析出大量短棒状δ相.热等静压/热处理后G H4169合金试样的室温及650℃拉伸性能均高于锻件标准要求的力学性能指标,且温度对断裂方式影响不大.     

热等静压/热处理工艺对激光选区熔化成形GH4169合金微观组织与拉伸性能的影响

采用激光选区熔化(SLM)成形技术制备GH4169合金,利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和透射电镜(TEM)等分析热等静压/热处理工艺对SLM成形GH4169合金微观组织及拉伸性能的影响规律。结果表明:沉积态合金组织中,沿沉积方向的晶粒为柱状晶,晶粒内枝晶组织细小,枝晶间分布大量Laves相;经热等静压后,合金中的气孔及Laves相可被有效消除,沿沉积方向的晶粒转变为等轴晶;经980℃/1 h固溶处理后,合金中的晶界处析出大量短棒状δ相。热等静压/热处理后GH4169合金试样的室温及650℃拉伸性能均高于锻件标准要求的力学性能指标,且温度对断裂方式影响不大。     

高温热处理对带热障涂层DD6单晶高温合金互扩散行为及持久断裂特征的影响

采用电子束物理气相沉积方法在DD6单晶高温合金基体上制备了热障涂层,带涂层试样首先在1100℃空气气氛中分别进行了50h和100h热处理,然后在980℃/250MPa条件下进行持久实验,研究了持久断裂后合金与黏结层界面的互扩散行为、组织形貌以及断裂特征。结果表明:经过1100℃热处理,合金与黏结层之间的元素发生了互扩散,合金基体中Cr含量增加,而Re,Nb,Mo,Ta等元素向黏结层扩散;随热处理时间的增加,析出的不稳定相数量增多,持久断裂试样γ′相粗化程度增加;1100℃热处理带热障涂层持久断口为韧窝断口,与合金标准试样断口特征类似。     

化工防腐用Ta40Nb合金板材加工工艺研究

用电子束熔炼得到Ta40Nb合金铸锭,研究了Ta40Nb合金的锻造和热处理工艺,结果表明,采用"轴向镦粗径向拔长+三向循环镦粗拔长"锻造工艺、"大加工率"的开坯轧制工艺,能更充分破碎Ta40Nb合金铸态组织,合金板材具有细小均匀的等轴晶。Ta40Nb合金板材成品处理采用1 200℃×90 min热处理工艺制度,能使材料最终获得均匀、细小的等轴晶组织,晶粒度达到8级以上。     

Nb–Al diffusion reaction in high Nb containing TiAl porous alloys

High Nb containing TiAl porous alloys were synthesised by powder metallurgy (PM). In order to reveal reaction mechanism of Nb in preparation of the porous alloys, Nb–Al diffusion reaction was investigated using diffusion couples at relatively low temperatures of 600–800°C. The porous Nb–Al diffusion layer was identified as NbAl₃ phase and the thickness of diffusion layer indicated that the Nb–Al diffusion mainly occurred at 800°C. In addition, the pore diameter distribution indicated that Nb–Al diffusion also contributed to the increase in pore diameter. According to these results, the diffusion reaction model was established for high Nb containing TiAl porous alloys.     

Interfacial microstructure and shear strength of Ti–6Al–4V/TiAl laminate composite sheet fabricated by hot packed rolling

A two layer Ti–6Al–4V(wt.%)/Ti–43Al–9V–Y(at.%) laminate composite sheet with a uniform interfacial microstructure and no discernible defects at the interfaces has been prepared by hot-pack rolling, and its interfacial microstructure and shear strength were characterized. Characterization of the interfacial microstructure shows that there was an interfacial region of uniform thickness of about 250 μm which consisted of two layers: Layer I on the TiAl side which was 80 μm thick and Layer II on the Ti–6Al–4V side which was 170 μm thick. The microstructure of Layer I consisted of massive γ phases, needlelike γ phases and B2 phase matrix, while the microstructure of Layer II consisted of α₂ phase. The microstructure of the interfacial region is the result of the interdiffusion of Ti element from Ti–6Al–4V alloy layer into the TiAl alloy layer and Al element from the TiAl alloy layer into the Ti–6Al–4V alloy layer. The shear strength measurement demonstrated that the bonding strength between the TiAl alloy and Ti–6Al–4V alloy layers in the laminate composite sheet was very high. This means that the quality of the interfacial bonding between the two layers achieved by the multi-path rolling is high, and the interface between the layers is very effective in transferring loading, causing significantly improved toughness and plasticity of the TiAl/Ti–6Al–4V laminate composite sheet.     

高Nb-TiAl合金的高温变形行为及其板材的性能

对高Nb-TiAl合金进行多步热压缩,研究其高温变形行为及其板材的性能。结果表明,热压缩变形后高Nb-TiAl合金的组织中等轴γ晶粒和α晶粒的增多、层片晶团的体积分数和尺寸降低,使其变形能力提高。根据这些结果确定了最优轧制工艺为应变速率低于0.5 s^-1、道次变形量前期应不高于25%、变形温度高于1150℃。选用上述工艺对其其进行5道次大变形量轧制,制备出表面质量良好、无缺陷的高Nb-TiAl合金板材,其尺寸为600 mm×85 mm×3 mm。这种板材具有双态组织,平均晶粒尺寸小于5 μm,其室温屈服强度、抗拉强度和塑性分别为948 MPa、1084 MPa和0.94%,800℃下抗拉强度为758 MPa。     

Microstructure and properties of Nb-bearing high-strength low-alloy surfacing layers

Based on Q345 steel, high-strength low-alloy surfacing layers with Nb content ranging from 0.0041 to 0.26?wt-% were prepared by adding Nb element into electrode coating and manual electric arc welding, the microstructure as well as mechanical properties of surfacing layers were evaluated and analysed. The experimental results show that with the increasing of Nb content, the grain size becomes smaller meanwhile the microstructure distribution is more uniform, the size of hard phase martensite/austenite gradually decreases and the NbC precipitates increases. The yield and tensile strength greatly increase for the fine-grain strengthening of Nb and the precipitation strengthening of NbC, moreover, the impact toughness is significantly improved due to the microstructure variation and obvious grain refinement.     

高Nb-TiAl基合金锻压饼材的拉伸性能

用自制的拉伸夹具测度子两种高Nb-TiAl基合金的室温和高温拉伸性能，并对实验结果进行了分析讨论，结果表明，双态组织片层组织有更高的强度，这符合一般TiAl合金的强度规律，且两种合金的室，高温强度均比普通TiAl合金的强度高。     

Nb-TiAl 金属间化合物研究现状

论述了Ｎｂ－ＴｉＡｌ系金属间化合物在高温强度及抗氧化性方面已取得的进展。高熔点组元Ｎｂ提高了合金的熔点和有序温度,从而使合金的使用温度达到９００℃以上。该体系合金显示出来的潜力具有代替Ｎｉ基合金的趋势。     

A transmission electron microscopy study of bronze-processed Nb3Sn and (Nb,Ta)3Sn multifilamentary superconducting wire

The morphology, grain size and composition of A15 diffusion layers produced on heat-treating Nb-bronze and (Nb, Ta)-bronze multifilamentary composites over the temperature range 650 to 800 C have been investigated and compared using transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. A characteristic two-fold layer structure of columnar and equiaxed grains has been confirmed in both cases at all temperatures while tantulum was shown to be incorporated into the A15 phase and to retard grain growth. A model for evolution of the microstructure is proposed and discussed.     

Additively processed TiAl6Nb7 alloy for biomedical applications

Laser beam melting (LBM) is an advanced manufacturing technology providing special features and the possibility to produce complex and individual parts directly from a CAD model. TiAl6V4 is the most common used titanium alloy particularly in biomedical applications. TiAl6Nb7 shows promising improvements especially regarding biocompatible properties due to the substitution of the hazardous vanadium. This work focuses on the examination of laser beam melted TiAl6Nb7. For microstructural investigation scanning electron microscopy including energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy as well as electron backscatter diffraction are utilized. The laser beam melted related acicular microstructure as well as the corresponding mechanical properties, which are determined by hardness measurements and tensile tests, are investigated. The laser beam melted alloy meets, except of breaking elongation A, the mechanical demands like ultimate tensile strength R_m, yield strength R_p0.2, Vickers hardness HV of international standard ISO 5832-11. Next steps contain comparison between TiAl6Nb7 and TiAl6V4 in different conditions. Further investigations aim at improving mechanical properties of TiAl6Nb7 by heat treatments and assessment of their influence on the microstructure as well as examination regarding the corrosive behavior in human body-like conditions.     

元素粉末法制备TiAl金属间化合物的研究进展

元素粉末冶金因具有成本低、制备的合金组织均匀细小等优点而受到广泛关注。简要介绍了元素粉末法制备TiAl合金的研究进展，主要从反应机理、致密化行为和力学性能等方面进行综述。研究表明，Ti与Al元素的反应由扩散控制，借助TiAl3和TiAl2等中间相最终得到Ti3Al和TiAl相共存的反应产物。在高Nb–TiAl合金的Ti–Al–Nb三元系中，Nb元素主要通过形成中间产物——Nb–Al化合物最终均匀分布在基体相中。从原料和工艺两个角度总结了元素粉末法制备TiAl合金过程中影响致密化的因素，介绍了提高元素粉末法制备TiAl合金的热加工和力学性能的方法，总结了近年来元素粉末法制备TiAl合金的力学性能研究成果。目前来看，元素粉末法制备的TiAl合金力学性能已达到变形合金的水平。     

TiAl合金与高温合金的扩散焊接头组织及性能

采用直接扩散焊和加中间层的扩散焊方法进行了TiAl合金和高温合金异种材料组合的连接实验。在1000℃/20MPa/1h规范下直接扩散焊获得的TiAl/GH2036接头组织中存在大量未焊合的孔洞,接头室温剪切强度平均值仅有16MPa。采用Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni合金作为中间层在935℃加压3MPa保温10min和1h进行了TiAl/GH3536组合接头的液相扩散焊,获得的扩散焊缝中含有Ti3Al,NiTi等多种物相,中间层合金与两侧母材发生作用形成了具有一定厚度的反应层。在935℃/3MPa/1h规范下获得了与两侧母材结合良好的无缺陷扩散焊接头,室温剪切强度达到125MPa。