二硼化钛基陶瓷涂层的制备研究进展

TiB2是具有高熔点、高耐磨、高耐腐蚀以及优异抗氧化争陛能的陶瓷材料。详述了国内外TiB2基陶瓷涂层的制备工艺,着重介绍了有关国内外热喷涂法和SHS法制备含陶瓷相涂层的情况,并指出了不同工艺的优缺点。最后阐述了涂层的成功应用情况及未来的涂层制备的发展趋势。     

AlMgB_(14)-30%TiB_2复合材料的高温氧化行为

为了探讨AlMgB_(14)-30%TiB_2(质量分数)复合材料的高温氧化行为,采用电场激活与压力辅助烧结(FAPAS)法制备了这一复合材料。以SX2-4-10箱式电阻炉高温氧化10 h(600~1 000℃),研究了其不同温度下的氧化行为;采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了其氧化表面的相结构,以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察氧化后的表面和截面形貌。结果表明:AlMgB_(14)-30%TiB_2复合材料在600℃时发生氧化反应,相为TiB_2,AlMgB_(14)相发生氧化反应的温度为800℃;氧化温度达到1 000℃时,氧化层表面由一层玻璃状的B2O3组成。     

热压自蔓延高温合成制备TiB2/NiAl金属间化合物基复合材料

采用热压自蔓延高温合成技术(SHS+HP)制备了TiB₂/NiAl颗粒复合材料。采用X-射线衍射、扫描电镜和图像分析等方法研究了材料的微观结构,结果表明:SHS+HP工艺特别适合制备颗粒增强的复合材料,采用该工艺制备的TiB₂/NiAl材料,其残余孔隙率约为1%。这种材料中增强颗粒是自生长的。晶粒细小,平均粒径约为0.8μm。力学性能研究表明:材料的强度和硬度随TiB₂量的增加而提高。     

Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC-TiB2-Cu Composites

TiC-TiB2-Cu composites were produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis combined with pseudo hot isostatic pressing using Ti, B4C and Cu powders. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） results showed that the final products were only TiC, TiB2 and Cu phases. The clubbed TiB2 grains and spheroidal or irregular TiC grains were found in the microstructure of synthesized products. The reaction temperature and grain size of TiB2 and TiC particles decreased with increasing Cu content. The introduction of Cu into the composites resulted in a drastic increase in the relative density and flexual strength, and the maximum values were obtained with the addition of 20 wt pct, while the fracture toughness was the best when Cu content was 40 wt pct.     

Fabrication of (TiB/Ti)-TiAl composites with a controlled laminated architecture and enhanced mechanical properties

The(TiB/Ti)-TiAl composites with a laminated structure composing of alternating TiB/Ti composite layers,α₂-Ti₃Al interfacial reaction layers of andγ-TiAl layers were successfully pre pared by spark plasma sintering of alternately stacked Tib₂/Ti powder layers and TiAl powder layers.And the influence of thickness ratio of Tib₂/Ti powder layers to TiAl powder layers on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the re sulting(TiB/Ti)-TiAl laminated composites were investigated systemically.The results showed that the thickening ofα₂-Ti₃Al layers which originated from the reaction of Ti and TiAl was significantly hindered by introducing Tib₂particles into starting Ti powders.As the thickness ratio of Tib₂/Ti powder layers to TiAl powder layers increased,the bending fracture strength and fracture toughness at room temperature of the final(TiB/Ti)-TiAl laminated composites were remarkably improved,especially for the(TiB/Ti)-TiAl composites prepared by Tib₂/Ti powder layers with thickness of 800μm and TiAl powder layers with thickness of 400μm,whose fracture toughness and bending strength were up to 51.2 MPa·m^1/2and 1456 MPa,respectively,293%and 108%higher than that of the monolithic TiAl alloys in the present work.This was attributed to the addition of high-performance network TiB/Ti composite layers.Moreover,it was noteworthy that the ultimate tensile strength at 700℃of(TiB/Ti)-TiAl composites fabricated by 400μm thick Tib₂/Ti powder layers and 400μm thick TiAl powder layers was as high as that at 550℃of network TiB/Ti composites.This means the service temperature of(TiB/Ti)-TiAl laminated composites was likely raised by 150℃,meanwhile a good combination of high strength and high toughness at ambient tempe rature could be maintained.Finally,the fracture mechanism of(TiB/Ti)-TiAl laminated composites was proposed.     

铜含量对燃烧合成TiB2-Cu基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

利用自蔓延高温燃烧合成结合准热等静压技术制备了不同Cu含量的TiB2-Cu基金属陶瓷.为了得到金属粘结剂的最佳含量,研究了Cu含量对TiB2-Cu基金属陶瓷热力学、微观组织和性能的影响.在Ti-B-Cu体系的燃烧合成过程中,可能存在TiB2、TiB和TiCu三个相.热力学计算结果表明TiB2是最稳定的相.随着Cu含量的增加,TiB2-Cu基金属陶瓷的绝热温度(Tad)和燃烧温度(Tc)逐渐降低.燃烧温度会影响产物中陶瓷相的形貌,TiB2颗粒的尺寸随金属含量的增加而减小.TiB,-Cu基金属陶瓷的硬度(HRA)和弯曲强度随着Cu含量的增多均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,最大值分别对应20wt.%和40wt.%的Cu含量.随Cu含量的增加,TiB2-Cu基金属陶瓷的孔隙率由于金属Cu良好的流动性而呈下降趋势,断裂韧性则呈逐渐上升的趋势.材料的韧化机制为裂纹尖端塑性钝化机制和裂纹偏转机制.TiB2-Cu基金属陶瓷的最佳金属粘结剂含量位于40wt.%～50wt.%.     

自蔓延高温合成制备二硅化钼基材料的研究进展

自蔓延高温合成技术因具有低成本、反应速度快和转化率高等许多优点,成为制备二硅化钼基材料的有效方法.介绍了自蔓延高温合成二硅化钼的机理和影响因素,非常规SHS技术和SHS与加工技术联用在制备二硅化钼以及二硅化钼基复合材料中的应用,在此基础上指出了自蔓延高温合成制备二硅化钼基材料今后的研究重点和发展方向.     

原位合成TiB_2/ZL205A复合材料的组织及流动性

采用原位合成法制备了TiB_2/ZL205A复合材料,对所合成复合材料的物相、TiB_2颗粒形貌及分布、流动性进行了研究。结果表明:TiB_2/ZL205A复合材料主要由α-Al、Al_2Cu和TiB_2组成,TiB_2颗粒呈多边形或卵圆形,平均颗粒尺寸500nm左右,大部分沿晶界分布,少量分布在晶粒内部。TiB_2/ZL205A复合材料的流动性与浇铸温度及TiB_2质量分数的关系均可用指数阻尼模型进行描述。当浇铸温度由710℃提高到750℃时,7wt%TiB_2/ZL205A复合材料的流动性提高了30.4%;当浇铸温度在750℃以上时,7wt%TiB_2/ZL205A复合材料的流动性随浇铸温度的提高而提高的速率降低。与基体合金相比,在730℃浇铸时,3wt%TiB_2/ZL205A复合材料的流动性降低了21.8%,7wt%TiB_2/ZL205A复合材料的流动性降低了36.4%。     

SHS/QP制备(TiB2+Fe)/Fe叠层材料的温度场与应力场分析

采用有限元分析方法,研究SHS/QP技术制备叠层材料过程中试样的温度分布和变化,为工艺参数的选择和试样界面结构分析提供参考。有限元计算表明SHS反应层厚度增加时,Fe基片界面处温度升高,Fe以液相存在的时间延长。采用有限元分析方法计算叠层材料残余热应力,叠层材料中TiB₂+Fe金属陶瓷层与Fe基片的界面结合处径向边缘出现轴向应力和剪切应力的奇异点,导致在这个区域出现应力集中。     

原位自生TiB2/Al-4.5Cu复合材料微观组织和力学性能

采用混合盐反应法制备TiB2含量分别为0%,2%,5%,8%(质量分数,下同)的TiB2/Al-4.5Cu复合材料,T6热处理后,采用XRD,ICP,OM,SEM,EDS等测试手段和室温拉伸实验进行微观组织观察和力学性能测试。XRD和ICP测试证实,合金体系中仅含α-Al,Al2Cu及TiB2,无Al3Ti,Al2B等反应中间产物。OM和SEM发现,基体材料中α-Al平均晶粒尺寸为167.5μm,而在2%,5%,8%的TiB2/Al-4.5Cu中,其平均晶粒尺寸依次为110.4,87.2,75.2μm,晶粒细化效果显著。TEM观察发现,TiB2颗粒主要分布在晶界处,呈四方和六方结构。室温拉伸实验表明,随着TiB2含量的增加,强度、显微硬度值均呈增加趋势,但伸长率不断下降。当加入8%TiB2时,屈服强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量和显微硬度分别达到356 MPa,416 MPa,92.5GPa和96.5HV,但其伸长率从10.3%降低到4.3%。载荷传递强化、细晶强化、位错增殖强化是TiB2/Al-4.5Cu复合材料力学性能得以大幅提升的影响因素,尤其是在位错增殖强化作用下,TiB2颗粒周边致密分布的位错胞、位错环对强度的提升起到了决定性作用。     

TiB2／Al自润滑复合材料在动压马达零件上的应用研究

复合材料组织致密，颗粒分布均匀．与基体结合紧密．具有较高的弹性模量和抗弯强度。室温下与GCr15轴承钢对磨时其摩擦系数在0．2左右．自磨时摩擦系数在0．08左右．摩擦表面没有明显的粘着或犁削痕连．磨损率明显低于SiCr／Al复合材料和GT35合金．呈现出较好的自润滑性能。     

离子束增强沉积制备TiB_2薄膜及其性能研究

用离子束增强沉积法（IBED）在硅及铜基体上沉积了TiB2薄膜，研究了轰击离子束能量和束流对薄膜的微结构及力学性能的影响。用俄歇电子谱（AES）分析了膜的成分及其界面状况，用X射线衍射（XRD）研究了膜的微结构，并测定了膜的硬度及进行了膜的高温氧化试验。结果指出：（1）离子束轰击使薄膜晶化，从而影响到膜的硬度及抗高温氧化性能；（2）离子束增强沉积的二硼化钛薄膜是一种耐高温氧化的高硬膜。     

Combustion Synthesis of Glass (B2O3-Al2O3-MgO)-Ceramic (TiB2) Composites

The combustion synthesis, or self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS), technique has been used to produce glass ceramic composites that have a glass matrix based on B₂O₃-MgO-Al₂O₃and a crystalline ceramic phase of TiB₂. Conditions for producing glassy materials by the SHS technique are discussed and the thermodynamics of these combustion reactions are analyzed. The combustion characteristics, i.e., ignition energy, combustion temperature, and wave velocity have been determined. Green density of the pellets had a significant effect on the combustion characteristics. Green pellets with low density were used to reduce heat loss, thus enabling the synthesis of those compositions having low adiabatic temperatures. The glass-forming region of these SHS glasses was found to be in relatively good agreement with that of samples produced by the traditional furnace-melting method.     

TiB2-TiN陶瓷材料SHS合成过程分析

针对采用SHS法合成TiB2—TiN的过程，从反应历程、原料配比及燃烧波速度等方面对合成过程进行分析，同时分析各因素对过程的影响，结果表明，反应原料中B／BN的比值及热力学和动力学等因素均对过程有一定的影响。     

A comparative study of the coated filler method and the admixture method of powder metallurgy for making metal–matrix composites

Copper–matrix composites were made by powder metallurgy (PM). The reinforcements were molybdenum particles, silicon carbide whiskers and titanium diboride platelets. The coated filler method, which involves a reinforcement coated with the matrix metal, was used. In contrast, conventional PM uses the admixture method, which involves a mixture of matrix powder and reinforcement. For all the composite systems, the coated filler method was found to be superior to the admixture method in providing composites with lower porosity, greater hardness, higher compressive yield strength, lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), higher thermal conductivity and lower electrical resistivity, though the degree of superiority was greater for high than low reinforcement contents. In the coated filler method, the coating on the reinforcement separated reinforcement units from one another and provided a cleaner interface and stronger bond between reinforcement and matrix than the admixture method could provide. The highest reinforcement content attained in dense composites (<5% porosity) made by the coated filler method was 70 vol% Mo, 60 vol% TiB2 and 54 vol% SiC. The critical reinforcement volume fraction above which the porosity of composites made by the admixture method increases abruptly is 60% Mo, 42% TiB2 and 33% SiC. This fraction increases with decreasing aspect ratio of the reinforcement. Among Cu/Mo, Cu/TiB2 and Cu/SiC at the same reinforcement volume fraction (50%), Cu/Mo gave the lowest CTE, highest thermal conductivity and lowest electrical resistivity, while Cu/SiC gave the greatest hardness and Cu/TiB2 and Cu/SiC gave the highest compressive yield strength. Compared to Cu/SiC, Cu/TiB2 exhibited much higher thermal conductivity and much lower electrical resistivity. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Synthesis of Composite Materials Based on Borides of Metals and Aluminum Oxide under the Combustion Conditions

The article presents experimental results on obtaining composites based on the systems TiB2-Al2O3,CrB2-Al2O3 and ZrB2-Al2O3 by a method combining SHS(self-propa...     

TiB_2粉料的还原合成与酸洗纯化研究

用SHS还原合成法合成了TiB2 混合粉料 ,并通过酸洗处理获得了高纯TiB2 粉料。研究了合成过程和酸洗条件对TiB2 纯度的影响 ,对合成粉料酸洗过程进行了热力学分析。试验结果表明 ,TiO2 B2 O3 Mg三元系统的化学反应由两部分组成 ,第一部分由金属Mg还原出B和Ti单体 ,第二部分由这两种单体化合反应生成TiB2 。TiB2 粉料的纯度主要取决于酸洗条件。提高盐酸浓度、增加酸过量和延长酸洗时间可以提高TiB2 粉料的纯度 ,而升高酸洗温度还可以大大加快酸洗速度。     

熔体反应法制备Al-4.5Cu/TiB2复合材料的热力学

用冶金热力学理论计算出TiO2-H3BO3-Na3AlF6-Al-4.5Cu体系的起始反应温度,为950℃,并根据溶液热力学分析了TiB2颗粒形成的可能性.当熔体中[Ti]、[B]的摩尔比为1/2时,在熔体中形成TiB2颗粒;当熔体中[Ti]、[B]的摩尔比大于1/2时,熔体中除生成TiB2颗粒外,还形成TiAl3组织.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiB2/(Ni+Mo) Composites Fabricated by Hot Pressing

1. IntroductionTitanium diboride is attractive for its high elajsticmodulus, electrical conductivity, hardness, and melting poillt temperature. However the fabrication ofTiBz is difficult. Its sintering temperature is higherthan 1800'C in hot--pressing. Using pressless signeringtechnique, at 2000"C the relative density of sajmplecan not be higher than 95 pci, and mechanical properties will decreajse due to the too big grain size at sucha high temperature. In order to decrease sinteringtemper…     

石墨添加对原位合成钛基复合材料高温力学性能的影响

利用钛与碳化硼及石墨之间的自蔓延高温合成反应经普通的熔铸工艺原位合成制备了不同摩尔比值TiB和TiC增强的钛基复合材料。测定了原位合成钛基复合材料的高温力学性能。结果表明:由于增强体的原位合成,复合材料的高温拉伸性能与基体合金比较有了明显的提高。高温拉伸断裂与温度有关,温度较低时,增强体断裂是材料失效的主要原因;而随着温度的提高,增强体与基体合金界面脱粘成为材料失效的主要原因。高温拉伸时裂纹容易在短纤维状增强体TiB的端面处形核与长大从而使增强体与基体合金脱粘导致材料失效,因此加入石墨形成更多的TiC粒子有利于提高复合材料的高温力学性能。