木瓜蛋白酶在介孔泡沫材料上的固定及性能研究

以氧化硅介孔泡沫材料(Siliceous mesocellular foam,MCF)为载体对木瓜蛋白酶进行了固定,并对固定化后材料的表征、固定化酶的性能以及酶的稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,木瓜蛋白酶在MCF上能获得较大的固定量(334mg/g MCF)和较高的酶活,固定化酶活力为游离酶的95.3%.固定化酶和游离酶的米氏常数Km值分别为6.99×10-3mol/L和6.71×10-3mol/L,并且相对于游离酶固定化酶的热稳定性和储藏稳定性都有明显改善.MCF是一种良好的木瓜蛋白酶固定载体.     

叠氮化合物对雨生红球藻积累虾青素的诱导效应

采用不同浓度的叠氮化合物N-甲基-N-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine,NNG)诱导雨生红球藻,结果表明:NNG浓度在0～10μmol/L范围内,随着浓度的增高,雨生红球藻中虾青素的含量逐渐增加;而NNG浓度在10～100μmol/L范围内,随着浓度的增高,雨生红球藻中虾青素的含量逐渐减少.因此,浓度为10μmol/L的NNG是诱导雨生红球藻积累虾青素的最适诱导剂量.     

基于Pt-Pb纳米花的无酶葡萄糖传感器性能研究

利用超声恒电流沉积法在金电极表面制备了Pt-Pb纳米花,并将其用于构建无酶葡萄糖传感器,采用阻抗谱、循环伏安和差分脉冲伏安法研究了其电化学性能。SEM结果表明,当沉积电流为10mA时,电极表面形成Pt-Pb纳米花结构。电化学测试结果表明,该电极对葡萄糖具有很好的电催化性能,在含有氯离子的溶液中不会失活。Pt-Pb纳米花电极构建的无酶传感器对葡萄糖的线性响应范围为0.5×10-3～22×10-3 mol/L,灵敏度为3.68mA·cm-2·(mol/L)-1,检测限为24×10-6 mol/L。此外,传感器具有良好的选择性、重复性和稳定性。     

蛋白质溶液的膜结晶：膜结晶法结晶溶菌酶的研究

用动态膜结晶法对溶茵酶结晶进行研究,考察了各种结晶条件对溶菌酶晶形和膜通量的影响,并对结晶条件进行优化,得到了质量较高的溶茵酶晶体.结果表明,当溶菌酶浓度为20～30 mg/n1L,结晶荆Naa浓度在40～90 g/L,洗脱剂MgCl2浓度在160～250 g/L,pH在4.7～8.2范围内,均能得到高质量的溶茵酶晶体.     

黑曲霉内切聚半乳糖醛酸酶A基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及产物酶学性质研究

采用Trizol法提取黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger JL-15)的总RNA,RT-PCR扩增到黑曲霉内切聚半乳糖醛酸酶A基因(pgaA),pgaA全长1113bp,编码370个氨基酸残基.pgaA经EcoRI和NotI双酶切,定向插入到表达载体pET-32a(+)中,并转化Escherichia coli Rosetta-gami B(DE3),重组子经IPTG诱导,其表达产物(rePGA)果胶酶活性最高为637.0U/mg.酶学性质研究表明,rePGA的最适温度为60℃,热稳定性较差,最适pH为pH 5.0;Ca2+对其活性具有显著促进作用,而Fe3+和Mg2+对其活性具有显著抑制作用;SDS-PGAE结果表明,rePGA的相对分子质量约为40 500Da;rePGA的米氏常数(Km)和最大反应速度(Vmax)分别为4.05mg/mL和39.37μmol/(mL.min),rePGA能快速降低果胶溶液的粘度,符合其内切作用模式特点.     

环氧基功能化块体SiO_2大孔材料对漆酶的固定化

采用后嫁接法在溶剂热条件下对新型块体SiO2大孔材料进行环氧基化改性,以环氧基功能化SiO2大孔材料作为载体,通过共价结合法固定化诺维信(Novozymes)工业级漆酶,对固定化条件进行了优化,研究了固定化酶与游离酶的酶学性质。结果表明,在固定化时间为4 h、pH值为4.5、初始酶液浓度为25 mg/mL时,固定化效果最好,固定化漆酶活力达到101.7 U/g;固定化漆酶的最适pH值为4.0,最适温度为50℃,其pH值稳定性和热稳定性都显著优于游离漆酶。固定化漆酶具有可重复操作的性质,与底物反应反复操作10批次后剩余活性为43.4%。     

响应苯酚类化合物辣椒过氧化物酶电极制备

以辣椒为原料提取辣椒过氧化物酶(chill-peroxidase,CH-POD);以Pt片为基体,碳纳米管(car-bon nanotubes,CNTs)为电子载体,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺作为分散剂,微晶纤维素(microcrystalline cellu-lose,MC)作为载体包埋辣椒过氧化物酶制备成CH-POD-MC/CNTs/Pt电极。显微镜观察电极的形貌,循环伏安法考察响应苯酚的最适条件及其稳定性。结果表明,CH-POD-MC/CNTs/Pt具有传递电子的能力,在最适条件下对苯酚具有很强的响应性。其响应最佳条件为:12mL反应溶液中酶用量为100μL、反应液pH值为7.0。响应电流和苯酚浓度在扫描速度为50mV/s时二者的线性方程为:I(mA)=0.101369+0.01505C,线性响应范围为2～20mmol/L,线性相关系数为0.985,检出限为0.55mmol/L。制备的电极具有较强的稳定性,将制备的电极在4℃冰箱中放置7d,放置期间间歇性使用,其响应信号变化量没有超过初始信号的5%,并利用所制电极和分光光度法对4个工厂排放废水中苯酚浓度进行了平行测定,两种方法的相对偏差在-7.22%～9.0%。     

基于溶胶-凝胶技术结合多壁纳米碳管化学修饰电极的方法制备高灵敏葡萄糖生物传感器的研究

基于多壁纳米碳管修饰铂电极与二氧化硅溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)固定化酶相结合的技术制备了葡萄糖氧化酶传感器,充分利用了溶胶-凝胶固定化酶稳定的优点和纳米碳管的高灵敏电催化作用,优化了该酶传感器的制备过程,提高了传感器的电流响应和反应线性.结果表明,sol-gel构建的优化条件是:H2O:TEOS为2.5～3.5,TritonX-100浓度为5%,pH值为5.5.在本实验条件下,多壁纳米碳管的最适固定量为5μl(0.25g/L),溶胶-凝胶与酶的优化体积比为3:2.工作电位 0.55V、pH 6.5、25℃为制备传感器的最适工作条件.该传感器对葡萄糖在0.5～6 mmol/L呈线性响应,响应时间为20 s,检出限为0.05mmol/L,45天时的响应值仍保持90%.     

高单体浓度范围丙烯酰胺反相微乳液聚合

以 Span 80和 OP- 10为乳化剂 ,白油为连续介质 ,过氧化二碳酸 (2 -乙基己酯 )为引发剂 ,进行了丙烯酰胺反相微乳液聚合。研究了较高单体浓度范围内聚合速率和分子量与单体浓度、引发剂浓度、乳化剂浓度的关系 ,得到 Rp∝ [M]2 .2 4 [I]0 .81[E]0 .59,Mv∝ [M]0 .92 [I]n[E]-0 .37,其中 [I]=2 .5 7× 10 -4 mol/L～5 .14× 10 -4 mol/L时 ,n=0 .93,[I]=5 .14× 10 -4 mol/L～ 7.96× 10 -4 mol/L时 ,n=- 1.62。Rp 对 [M]的反应级数高达 2 .2 4 ,可能的原因是单体参与了引发过程和聚合区域粘度的影响。Rp 随着 [I]先增大后减小 ,可能与不同引发剂浓度范围内链增长自由基终止方式不同有关     

聚苯胺改性有序介孔碳在漆酶生物传感器上的应用

利用电化学聚合法在固定有漆酶的有序介孔碳上制备了聚苯胺薄膜,并将其用于构建漆酶传感器。电化学结果表明,与未改性的介孔碳电极相比,聚苯胺改性介孔碳修饰的电极对酚类物质显示出很好的电催化氧化活性,构建的漆酶传感器的检测限低,线性范围宽,对邻苯二酚的选择灵敏度为0.08314 A/(mol/L),线性范围为0.55~10.45μmol/L,检测限为0.173μmol/L。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.