薄壁箱梁剪力滞剪切变形双重效应分析的矩阵方法

本文在得到薄壁箱梁同时考虑剪力滞及剪切变形影响微分方程初参数解的基础上,进一步推导出单元刚度矩阵和等效结点荷载,从而使薄壁箱梁势力滞、剪切变形效应分析方法方便地纳入广泛应用的矩阵位移法程序系统,为连续梁等复杂结构的剪力滞及剪切变形效应分析提供了强有力的计算手段。     

基于复合材料层合箱梁改进解析模型计算等效刚度

提出了基于复合材料层合箱梁改进解析模型的等效刚度计算方法。在考虑三维应变效应的同时用复合材料单层的二维折算模量分量来表示三维折算模量分量,简化了复合材料层合箱梁等效刚度系数的计算,得到了由梁横截面几何尺寸和层合板刚度系数表达的等效抗弯刚度和等效抗扭刚度的解析式。该解析式适用于环向刚度一致的复合材料层合箱梁,并充分考虑了弯曲-剪切耦合和扭转-拉伸耦合效应对等效刚度的影响。通过三点弯试验和扭转试验,验证了解析式的正确性;通过与分层等效叠加法、有限元法进行对比,分析了解析式的计算精度。结合经典层合板理论,研究了铺层方式对等效刚度产生的影响及原因,预测了不同铺层复合材料层合箱梁等效刚度的变化规律。      

薄壁层合箱梁的无外约束扭转分析

本文在考虑应力沿壁厚非均匀分布前提下，计入各种耦合效应，利用复合材料层合板理论对薄壁层合箱梁的“自由”扭转进行了分析，给出了变形及各铺层应力的计算公式，并指出，对于层合箱梁来说，由于耦合效应使得严格意义上的自由扭转往往不存在，而只能称之为无外约束扭转。最后，通过算例对数值结果进行了分析验证。     

非对称层合梁瞬态响应回传射线矩阵法解

用回传射线矩阵法分析计及一阶剪切变形效应的层合复合材料梁瞬态动力响应;给出速度瞬态响应的回传射线矩阵法计算公式;计算分析轴向-弯曲-剪切耦合效应对层合梁瞬态动力响应影响。结果表明,回传射线矩阵法可求解计及一阶剪切变形效应时层合梁瞬态动力响应,且与有限元法解一致;横向(轴向)加载可引起明显的轴向(横向)响应,随铺层角增大轴向-弯曲-剪切耦合效应增加,沿不同方向加载下轴向、横向速度响应幅值明显增加。     

箱梁的剪力滞效应分析

在变分法薄壁箱梁剪力滞基本微分方程的基础上,提出了一种与现有普通梁单元配合使用的分析箱梁剪力滞效应的有限元方法,导出了剪力滞单元系数矩阵和广义荷载列阵计算公式。针对变分法分析剪力滞问题的特点,给出了按照剪力滞广义平衡与变形协调条件进行结构系统分析、组集结构总剪力滞系数矩阵的方法。分析了连续梁和悬臂梁这两种不同结构类型、不同边界支承条件的箱梁在不同荷载条件下的剪力滞效应,并与变分法解析结果作了对比,验证了该文方法的广泛适用性和可靠性。     

薄壁曲线箱梁考虑材料弹塑性的剪力滞效应

依据势能变分原理,推导了薄壁曲线箱梁考虑翼缘应力剪力滞效应和材料非线性的刚度矩阵。采用样条有限点法和截面内力塑性系数法对薄壁曲线箱梁的弹塑性问题进行了求解。研究表明:弯曲剪力滞效应系数的非线性特征较挠度和扭转角的要明显;在荷载达到一定程度时,随荷载的增加,箱梁截面上的翼缘应力的分布逐渐均匀。该文的方法简单、实用,并可推广于变截面、变曲率薄壁曲线箱梁的计算。     

基于三维梁理论的复合材料层合管等效抗弯刚度

针对任意铺层形式和任意壁厚复合材料圆形层合管件,提出一种等效抗弯刚度的计算方法。此方法采用符合复合材料圆形管件梁真实变形的变形理论,考虑横向剪切变形,非均匀扭转效应,主、次挠曲效应和层合材料的三维弹性效应,按照壳壁中实际应力状态,建立了复合材料圆形管件等效抗弯刚度的计算模型。通过与4种铺层管件的三点弯曲实验结果以及经典层合板理论计算的等效抗弯刚度进行对比,验证了计算模型的正确性。通过退化与各向同性材料抗弯刚度的计算方法进行对比,分析了计算模型的适用性。      

复合材料层合梁理论

层合梁理论是分析复合材料层合梁和加筋层合结构力学响应的基础.本文基于Mindlin假定导出了横向层合梁、纵向层合梁和组合层合梁一阶剪切变形理论.给出的理论既能够精确计算各层合梁的刚度值,又能考虑各刚度之间的耦合效应.为不失一般性,三种层合梁的本构方程均考虑了热效应.     

考虑剪切变形时薄壁箱梁的挠曲分析

为分析剪切效应对薄壁箱梁受力特性的影响,利用微板的面内剪切及平衡微分方程,分别推导出不考虑和考虑薄壁箱梁各板面内剪切效应的弯曲位移函数。选取剪切效应引起的附加挠度作为广义位移,通过定义的剪切广义力矩及剪切翘曲位移函数,将剪切变形状态从全梁挠曲变形状态中分离出来,作为独立的变形状态进行分析。为满足全截面翘曲应力的自平衡条件,引入两个截面特性参数对广义剪切翘曲位移函数进行了修正。数值算例表明,按该文推导的薄壁箱梁剪切弯曲位移函数计算的两跨连续梁跨中截面应力与实测值及有限元值吻合良好。挠度计算表明:剪切效应使得该箱梁在集中和均布荷载作用下跨中挠度分别增大27%和24%。     

任意非对称断面薄壁箱梁一维有限元分析

根据薄壁箱梁的实际支承特点,设置支承坐标系并在支承坐标系中建立变形协调的相容条件,针对任意非对称断面薄壁箱梁,导出了考虑拉(压)弯扭翘空间耦合分析的单元刚度矩阵及等效节点力公式。此外,提出了通过设置具有线刚度、转动刚度、扭翘刚度的假想弹簧单元,对薄壁箱梁的复杂约束条件进行处理的一般方法。所得到的刚度矩阵表明,只有当忽略翘曲变形对截面转角的影响时,轴向拉压才只与水平弯曲及竖向弯曲相耦合,而与约束扭转不再耦合。算例结果表明了分析方法的有效性。     

考虑剪切变形旋转运动复合材料薄壁梁的 动力学特性

研究考虑横向剪切的旋转运动复合材料薄壁梁的动力学特性。采用变分渐进法描述位移和应变并且引入横向剪切变形的影响,由Hamilton原理推导出Timoshenko梁的动力学模型,采用Galerkin法对薄壁梁进行自由振动分析,并且将计算结果与现有的有限元计算结果进行对比,验证了该文动力学模型的有效性。进一步针对周向均匀刚度配置(CUS)的箱型和翼型薄壁梁进行固有频率的计算,揭示了纤维铺层角、转速和结构参数对薄壁梁动力学特性的影响。     

复合材料空间薄壁梁的有限元分析模型

在剪切梁理论的基础上, 采用9 节点平面单元模拟梁任意截面形状; 采用27 节点体单元, 模拟截面出平面外的二次翘曲位移, 从而建立了空间复合材料任意截面薄壁梁考虑二次翘曲的有限元分析模型。根据本文中导出的复合材料有限元模型编制了相应的分析计算程序。算例表明: 本文中建立的复合材料薄壁梁模型正确, 可以用于考虑多种耦合影响因素作用下复杂结构空间薄壁复合材料梁的有限元分析计算。      

一种考虑剪滞效应的斜支承连续箱梁挠曲扭转分析方法

通过在支承坐标系下考虑约束条件,提出一种适用于斜支承连续箱梁挠曲扭转分析的薄壁箱梁单元。该单元具有10 个自由度,可方便地考虑斜支承连续箱梁的剪滞效应和扭翘变形。选取挠曲剪滞微分方程和约束扭转微分方程的齐次解作为单元位移函数,推导出单元刚度矩阵各元素的具体表达式。从剪滞翘曲应力的轴向平衡条件出发,建立双室箱形断面的剪滞翘曲位移函数,并给出了剪滞翘曲几何特性的一般计算公式。用所编制的电算程序SSCBA 对一个3 跨斜支承双室连续箱梁模型进行计算,计算值与实测值和ANSYS 壳单元结果均吻合较好,证实该箱梁单元是可靠的。计算表明:在跨中偏心荷载作用下,斜支承连续箱梁的剪滞翘曲变形和约束扭转翘曲变形对应力分布具有显著影响。     

复合材料变截面旋转薄壁悬臂梁自由振动分析

基于拉格朗日方程推导出复合材料封闭变截面旋转薄壁梁的自由振动方程。与基于哈密顿原理的动力学建模方法相比,该文所采用的方法更为简洁。此外,在薄壁梁的结构模型中还考虑除横向剪切外的扭转、拉伸和弯曲引起的翘曲,具有考虑翘曲因素多的特点。给出了两种刚度配置下的变矩形截面旋转悬臂直梁的自由振动方程简化形式及其相应的迦辽金法求解的固有频率。基于大型通用有限元软件ANSYS,计算了薄壁变截面旋转悬臂梁的固有频率,并且与迦辽金法的求解结果进行了对比。分析了复合材料的弹性耦合、铺层角度、截面变化和旋转速度对薄壁梁的自由振动的影响。     

Free Vibration Analysis of Generally Layered Composite Beams with Arbitrary Boundary Conditions

A hyperbolic shear deformation theory is used for the free vibration analysis of generally layered composite beams with arbitrary boundary conditions. The variationally consistent governing differential equations and boundary conditions are derived by employing Hamilton's principle. The dynamic stiffness method is applied to calculate the vibration frequencies of the laminated beams with the help of Wittrick–Williams algorithm. Examples of application of the hyperbolic shear deformation theory for the free vibration analysis of the laminated beams with a couple of different boundary conditions are presented. The present results are compared to the numerical solutions and experimental results available in the literature.     

Coupled deflection analysis of thin-walled Timoshenko laminated composite beams

For the deflection analyses of thin-walled Timoshenko laminated composite beams with the mono- symmetric I-, channel-, and L-shaped sections, the stiffness matrices are derived based on the solutions of the simultaneous ordinary differential equations. A general thin-walled composite beam theory considering shear deformation effect is developed by introducing Vlasov’s assumptions. The shear stiffnesses of thin-walled composite beams are explicitly derived from the energy equivalence. The equilibrium equations and force-deformation relations are derived from energy principles. By introducing 14 displacement parameters, a generalized eigenvalue problem that has complex eigenvalues and multiple zero eigenvalues is formulated. Polynomial expressions are assumed as trial solutions for displacement parameters and eigenmodes containing undetermined parameters equal to the number of zero eigenvalues are determined by invoking the identity condition to the equilibrium equations. Then the displacement functions are constructed by combining eigenvectors and polynomial solutions corresponding to nonzero and zero eigenvalues, respectively. Finally, the stiffness matrices are evaluated by applying the member force-displacement relations to the displacement functions. In addition, the finite beam element formulation based on the classical Lagrangian interpolation polynomial is presented. In order to verify the validity and the accuracy of this study, the numerical solutions are presented and compared with the finite element results using the isoparametric beam elements and the detailed three-dimensional analysis results using the shell elements of ABAQUS. Particularly the effects of shear deformations on the deflection of thin-walled composite beams with the mono-symmetric I-, channel-, and L-shaped sections with various lamination schemes are investigated.     

Instability of laminated composite thin-walled open-section beams

Instability of thin-walled open-section laminated composite beams is studied using the finite element method. A two-noded, 8 df per node thin-walled open-section laminated composite beam finite element has been used. The displacements of the element reference axis are expressed in terms of one-dimensional first order Hermite interpolation polynomials, and line member assumptions are invoked in formulation of the elastic stiffness matrix and geometric stiffness matrix. The nonlinear expressions for the strains occurring in thin-walled open-section beams, when subjected to axial, flexural and torsional loads, are incorporated in a general instability analysis. Several problems for which continuum solutions (exact/approximate) are possible have been solved in order to evaluate the performance of finite element. Next its applicability is demonstrated by predicting the buckling loads for the following problems of laminated composites: (i) two layer (45°/−45°) composite Z section cantilever beam and (ii) three layer (0°/45°/0°) composite Z section cantilever beam.     

Efficient laminated composite beam element subjected to variable axial force for coupled stability analysis

A numerically efficient laminated composite beam element subjected to a variable axial force is presented for a coupled stability analysis. The analytical technique is used to present the thin-walled laminated composite beam theory considering the transverse shear and the restrained warping-induced shear deformation based on an orthogonal Cartesian coordinate system. The elastic strain energy and the potential energy due to the variable axial force are introduced. The equilibrium equations are derived from the energy principle, and explicit expressions for the displacement parameters are presented using the power series expansions of displacement components. Finally, the member stiffness matrix is determined using the force–displacement relations. In order to verify accuracy and efficiency of the beam element developed in this study, numerical results are presented and compared with results from other researchers and the finite beam element results, and the detailed finite shell element analysis results using ABAQUS; especially, the influence of variable axial forces, the fiber orientation, and boundary conditions on the buckling behavior of the laminated composite beams is parametrically investigated.     

宽翼缘薄壁梁剪滞效应分析的变分解法

采用三个独立的广义位移w(x)、U(x)、θ(x)对宽翼缘薄壁梁的剪滞效应进行变分法分析,根据最小势能原理,建立了关于w(x)、U(x)、θ(x)的基本微分方程及相应的边界条件。计算体系总势能时考虑了剪力在剪切变形上作功。所推导的基本方程及边界条件表明,剪力滞后效应与剪切效应彼此独立。引用的算例计算结果表明,按该方法计算宽翼缘薄壁梁的挠度,能大幅度提高计算精度。     

The behaviour of open and closed section carbon fibre composite beams subjected to constrained torsion

A simple engineering theoretical approach is presented in this paper which is able to predict the initial constrained torsional response of a specific class of thin-walled open-section and single-cell closed-section carbon fibre composite beams. The flat walls of the composite beams are symmetrically laminated about their own mid-planes and possess membrane orthotropy. The laminated flats are assembled in such a way that the stiffness distribution round the section is of a symmetrically disposed nature and thus the flanges of a composite box-section, for example, can have a different lay-up configuration to that of the section webs. Beams of this type are essentially uncoupled in their overall stiffnesses and thus it is possible to apply axial load or bending to the sections without inducing torsional behaviour.

The analysis procedures for such beams will, of course, be considerably less complex in nature than those associated with beams of a more general lay-up configuration. Indeed, the analysis approach adopted in this paper simply makes use of the existing theories of torsion appropriate to isotropic construction and these are then suitably modified to account for the non-isotropic nature of the composite material. The torsional and warping rigidities for use in the analysis of the composite beams are thus duly determined through the use of the appropriate equivalent engineering elastic constants of the individual thin composite walls and the concept of effective thickness is employed to account for the different stiffnesses in the walls.

In the paper some detailed attention is paid to the effects of primary and secondary warping restraint on the torsional response of open section beams and the distinct differences between sections whose behaviour is governed predominantly by primary effects and those whose response is associated solely with secondary effects are discussed. The stress systems set up in open-section and single-cell closed-section carbon fibre composite beams when subjected to torsion with variable twist are examined in the paper and in particular it is shown that although the shear flow due to primary warping restraint in open-section beams serves in part to equilibrate the applied torque, that in closed box section beams is completely self equilibrating. Comparisons are given in the paper between theory and experiment and between theory and finite element solutions and these are shown to give good agreement for the Z, angle and box section beams considered.