新型负极材料CrNbO_4的电化学性能研究及球磨改性

采用高温固相法制备CrNbO_4,并首次研究其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。使用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、充放电测试、循环伏安(CV)测试和电化学交流阻抗测试(EIS)对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行表征。样品CrNbO_4在0.001~3.0V电压区间,电流密度为16 mA/g时,充放电50次后放电容量可以保持在63.5mAh/g。通过球磨,CrNbO_4的首次放/充电容量由212.9/100.9 mAh/g提高到572.3/343.5mAh/g,同时电流密度提高10倍,充放电50次后改性样品的放电容量仍可维持81.3mAh/g,有效提高了电化学性能。     

锂离子电池Si/C复合负极材料的合成与性能

采用球磨-热解工艺制备了Si/C复合负极材料。研究了球磨时间对Si/C复合负极材料结构和电化学性能的影响,并分析了电极的失效机理。研究结果表明,通过球磨可以将纳米硅颗粒均匀分散于石墨基体材料表面,同时,葡萄糖热解后形成的无定形碳使两者紧密结合。球磨3h合成的材料具有最优的电化学性能。以100mA/g的电流密度放电,首次放电容量达到1340mAh/g,首次充放电效率为75.6%,循环50次后,容量保持率为34.2%。     

锂离子电池正极材料Li1.12Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2的制备及电化学性能研究

采用高温固相法制备样品Li1.12Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2,采用XRD(X-ray diffraction)、SEM(Scanning electron microscope)、CV(Cycle voltammograms)和充放电循环等测试分析了材料的物理化学性质及电化学性能。XRD分析表明在合成温度为800℃时,所合成的产物为α-NaFeO2型的层状结构;SEM分析表明在合成温度为800℃时,产物为微小晶粒团聚成的球形颗粒。在40mA/g和2.5~4.3V的电压范围内,其首次放电比容量为184.1mAh/g,首次放电效率为85.9%。随着充放电次数的增多,材料的不可逆放电容量逐步减小,循环稳定性增强。循环20周后放电比容量仍能达到171.7mAh/g,容量保持率为93.26%。测试结果表明,800℃合成的正极材料Li1.12Ni0.8-Mn0.1Co0.1O2具有较高的放电比容量和优异的电化学稳定性。     

Li_(1-x)Cr_xFePO_4的微波合成研究

采用机械球磨结合微波法合成了Cr3+掺杂锂离子电池正极材料Li1-xCrxFePO4。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和恒电流充放电测试研究了Cr3+掺杂方式和掺杂量对样品的物相结构、形貌和电化学性能的影响。实验结果表明,微波法可以快速合成Li1-xCrxFePO4正极材料;以共沉淀掺杂方式合成的样品Li0.99Cr0.01-FePO4具有最好的电化学性能,在室温下以20mA/g进行充放电测试,其首次放电容量为153.59mAh/g,10次循环之后还有149.29mAh/g,容量保持率为97.20%。     

球磨Zr7Ni10合金提高Zr基电极合金的电化学性能

为了提高合金的放电容量和高倍率放电性能，通过球磨Zr7Ni10合金对Zr0．5Ti0．5Mn0．7V0．2Co0．1Ni1．2合金表面进行改性，并研究了不同Zr，Ni10量和球磨时间对合金的相结构和电化学性能的影响。当采用8％（质量分数）Zr，Ni10进行球磨1h后，合金仍保持晶态，在50mAh／g电流条件下经过9次循环达到最大放电容量266mAh／g，比未球磨合金提高了约20％，而且在300mA／g电流条件下仍能保持最大放电容量的85%。随着球磨时间的增加，合金逐渐转为非晶态，合金的放电容量也迅速降低。非晶化合金在800℃进行热处理后大部分重新晶化，经过22次循环达到最大放电容量200mAh／g。     

二次锂电池碳硫聚合物正极材料的制备及性能研究

采用一步法、两步法制备了新型二次锂电池碳硫聚合物正极材料,利用红外光谱(IR),拉曼光谱(Raman),扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对样品的结构、形貌、性质进行了研究与比较。结合样品的电化学性能,结果表明采用两步法制得的样品具有良好的电性能,0.4mAh/g放电,首放容量为600mAh/g,充放电循环20次后,放电比容量保持在400mAh/g,从第2次循环开始容量保持率超过95%,效率始终维持在100%左右。     

合成温度对Li2FeSiO4／C电化学性能的影响

采用球磨掺碳及固相法合成锂离子电池正极材料Li2FeSiO4/C,研究了合成温度对材料结构和电化学性能的影响.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对材料的结构与形貌进行了表征;并对不同焙烧温度下合成的Li2FeSiO4/C材料的电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明,650℃合成的Li:FeSiO4/C电化学性能最佳,在C/16的倍率下首次放电容量达到144.8mAh/g,10次循环后容量仍保持有136.5mAh/g.     

机械活化氧化法制备锰酸锂及其性能研究

以高纯金属锰粉和碳酸锂为原料,通过机械活化氧化法合成了尖晶石LiMn2O4材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对LiMn2O4样品结构及形貌进行表征,用充放电测试和交流阻抗技术对LiMn2O4样品进行电化学性能研究。结果表明,所制备的LiMn2O4具有完整的尖晶石型结构,且颗粒形貌规整,颗粒大小均匀。所制备的LiMn2O4材料室温(25℃)在3.0~4.3V电压范围,在0.1C倍率下首次放电比容量为125.8mAh/g;2C首次放电容量为120.1mAh/g,300次循环后放电容量保持103.9mAh/g,容量保持率为86.51%。且样品具有较好的高温性能和较小的阻抗。     

锂离子电池用Si/针状焦复合负极材料的改性及其电化学性能

以石墨化针状焦为原料,采用机械球磨和化学气相沉积法(CVD)制得碳/Si/针状焦复合负极材料。结合XRD、SEM分析手段和电化学特征,研究发现:当石墨化针状焦复合20%的纳米Si后,其首次放电容量高达1110mAh/g,但25次循环后放电容量衰减为200mAh/g;采用CVD方法,在Si/针状焦复合材料的表面沉积厚度为6~8nm的碳后,其首次库伦效率为81%,25次循环后放电容量仍能稳定在860mAh/g,且循环效率接近99%。     

富锂型锂离子电池正极材料的合成及性能研究

以LiAc·2H2O、Mn(Ac)2·4H2O、Ni(Ac)2·4H2O为原料,采用水溶液法合成锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2和Li1.2Ni0.3Mn0.5O2。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所得样品的结构和形貌进行表征,并测试了该材料的电化学性能。结果表明,样品LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2首次放电比容量能达到125.6mAh/g,经过30周循环以后,放电比容量为111.2mAh/g,容量保持率为96.2%;而富锂样品Li1.2Ni0.3Mn0.5O2首次放电比容量能达到187.2mAh/g,经过30周循环以后放电比容量为184.5mAh/g,容量保持率为98.6%,远高于富锂前样品。另外,富锂后的样品Li1.2Ni0.3Mn0.5O2倍率性能优于富锂前。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.