三维针刺C/SiC刹车材料的热物理性能

通过化学气相渗透(CVI)法结合反应熔体浸渗(RMI)法制备了三维针刺C/SiC刹车材料, 系统研究了三维针刺C/SiC刹车材料的热物理性能。结果表明: C/SiC刹车材料的热膨胀系数随温度升高总体呈增大趋势, 但呈规律性波动; 在相同温度下, 垂直于摩擦面方向的热膨胀系数远大于平行方向的。从室温至1300 ℃, 平行和垂直于摩擦面方向的平均热膨胀系数分别为1.75×10-6K-1和4.41×10-6K-1; C/SiC刹车材料的比定压热容随温度的升高而增大, 但增大速率逐渐减小。温度从100 ℃升到1400 ℃, 其比定压热容从1.41 J/(g·K) 增大到1.92 J/(g·K); C/SiC刹车材料的热扩散率随温度的升高而降低, 并趋于常量。平行于摩擦面方向的热扩散率明显大于垂直于摩擦面方向的热扩散率。      

硅片力学性能及热膨胀系数的热稳定性研究

在-100～100℃范围内试验测量并分析了不同温度下硅片力学性能及热膨胀系数的变化规律。结果表明：随温度升高硅片由完全弹性变形转变为弹塑性变形,温度越高,塑性变形出现越早,其比例也随温度升高而增大;当材料表现为完全弹性变形时,弹性模量随温度升高而增加,抗拉强度则随之降低;当材料表现为弹塑性变形时,弹性模量随温度升高而降低,抗拉强度随温度升高而升高,且产生塑性变形所需外加载荷随温度升高而降低;硅片热膨胀系数则随温度升高而增加,较低温度时热膨胀系数增加很快,而较高温度下热膨胀系数逐渐趋于平缓。     

高碳树脂芳基乙炔聚合物炭化过程研究

本文研究了芳基乙炔聚合物 (PAA)炭化过程中的结构变化 ,结果表明 :树脂 90 0℃炭化时 ,热失重、线收缩和体积收缩分别为 16 %、12 5 %和 31 8% ;炭化温度低于 6 0 0℃时 ,孔隙率随炭化温度的升高而增加 ,体积密度随炭化温度的升高而减小 ;6 0 0～ 90 0℃炭化时 ,孔隙率随炭化温度的升高而减小 ,体积密度随炭化温度的升高而增加 ;在整个炭化温度范围内 ,本体密度随炭化温度的升高而增加。PAA树脂炭化物结构密实 ,炭化物呈片状结构     

SrBi_4Ti_4O_(15)陶瓷材料介电和导热性能的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SrBi_4Ti_4O_(15)陶瓷材料,研究了烧结温度、铋含量及掺杂Nd对SrBi_4Ti_4O_(15)陶瓷结构、热扩散率及介电性能的影响.结果发现,SrBi_4Ti_4O_(15)陶瓷材料的热扩散率和介电常数随烧结温度的升高而增大,最佳烧结温度为1100℃,铋含量过量达10%时,SrBi_4Ti_4O_(15)陶瓷的热扩散率和介电常数最大.随着掺杂量Nd的增加,SrBi_4Ti_4O_(15)陶瓷的热扩散率和介电常数随之增大.     

PMN-BT陶瓷的介电性能和相变温度

制备了一系列ＰＭＮ－ＢＴ陶瓷,系统地研究了ＢＴ含量的变化对介电性能和相变温度的影响．ＰＭＮ－ＢＴ陶瓷的相变温度与组成呈“Ｕ”型变化曲线．相变温度的异常变化是由于系统中存在Ｂａ（Ｍｇ１／３Ｎｂ２／３）Ｏ３顺电微区所致．ＰＭＮ－ＢＴ陶瓷的介电弛豫特性随ＢＴ的增加经历了一个由弱变强,再由强变弱的过程．对由两种钙钛矿化合物构成的铁电固溶体相变温度的变化规律进行了讨论．     

聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅复合薄膜的热物性及其影响因素

应用自行研制的亚微米/微米薄膜激光脉冲法热扩散率测定仪和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分别测定了聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜和PI/SiO_2复合薄膜在不同温度下的热扩散率、热导率和比热,解决了激光脉冲法测定热导试样的透光问题.研究了PI/SiO_2复合薄膜的热物性随SiO_2添加量和温度的变化关系.结果表明:随着温度的升高,PI薄膜及PI/SiO_2复合薄膜的热扩散率下降,比热和热导率线性增加.在PI薄膜中添加SiO_2颗粒可降低PI薄膜的比热,明显增强导热性能,但是不会改变PI薄膜热导率随温度升高而增大的变化规律.     

真空热压烧结Fe-Ni/Zr_2P_2WO_(12)复合材料的致密度及其热膨胀性能研究

本文采用真空热压烧结法成功制备出接近致密性的Fe-Ni/Zr2P2WO12复合材料。利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及热膨胀系数测试仪研究并讨论了复合材料的相结构、表面形貌及热膨胀性能,采用阿基米德原理计算了复合材料的致密度。结果表明:采用真空热压烧结法可制备出Fe-Ni/Zr2P2WO12复合材料;其平均线膨胀系数在不同温度区间内均随复合材料中Zr2P2WO12百分含量的增加而降低;复合材料的密度随Zr2P2WO12含量增加而降低,但致密度均达到了90%以上。     

外延生长亚单层Si薄膜的动力学蒙特卡罗模拟

建立了沿Si(100)方向外延生长亚单层Si薄膜的动力学蒙特卡罗模拟模型,对二维Si薄膜的生长过程及二维Si岛的形貌演变进行了研究.结果表明,在一定的入射率下存在一最佳成岛温度,该温度随入射率的增大而升高.以最佳成岛温度生长时,岛密度随覆盖度的增加呈现增加-饱和-减小的变化规律.在低温和高入射率下,岛密度随覆盖度单调增加,薄膜呈离散生长.而温度很高和入射率很低时,岛密度始终以很小的数值在小范围内振荡,薄膜呈紧致生长.     

硬脂酸凝胶法制备CeO2纳米粉体

采用硬脂酸凝胶法制备了CeO2纳米晶,XRD分析表明,当焙烧温度为450－900℃时,所合成的CeO2纳米晶均属于单相立方晶系,空间群为O^5H-FM3M,计算表明,随焙烧温度的升高,平均晶粒度增大,而平均晶格畸变率则随平均晶粒度的增大而减小,表明粒子越小,晶格畸变越大,晶粒发育越不完整,TEM分析表明,CeO2纳米晶呈球形,粒度随焙烧温度的增加而增大,热失重分析表明,当焙烧温度向于750℃时,CeO2中的杂质基本发挥完毕,相对密度分析表明,随CeO2X纳米晶粒度的增在,粉末的密度增加。     

TiCp/ZA43复合材料的热膨胀行为研究

采用XD^TM法与搅拌铸造法相结合的工艺制备了TiCp/ZA43复合材料,研究了TiCp/ZA43复合材料的微观组织,测定了TiCp/ZA43复合材料50－250℃间的热膨胀系数值,并运用理论模型对该温度区间的热膨胀系数进行了计算,分析了热膨胀性能的影响因素。结果表明,TiC颗粒增强相的加入使ZA43合金的微观组织和热膨胀性能显著改善。运用Kerner模型和Turner模型对TiCp/ZA43复合材料的热膨胀系数的计算值与实测值能很好地吻合。研究发现TiCp/ZA43复合材料的界面热应力随温度的升高而显著地增加,但随TiC颗粒含量的增加只稍有增长。应力状态引起热膨胀系数的变化随温度的不同而不同。     

燃烧合成TiC-Ni材料的室温及高温力学性能

研究了燃烧合成新工艺制备的TiC-Ni金属陶瓷材料的力学性能。结果表明:TiC-Ni金属陶瓷硬度值和抗弯强度在Ni含量为20 wt%时达到最高值,断裂韧性在Ni含量为30 wt%时达到最大值,TiC-Ni材料在室温下具有无宏观塑性变形的脆性断裂特征。随着温度的升高,TiC-Ni材料弯曲强度下降,温度超过1000℃开始发生塑性变形。其强度与传统方法生产的相近成分材料相比比较接近。      

氢对TC21钛合金热物理性能的影响

目的 获得氢含量对TC21钛合金密度、热扩散系数、比热容和热导率等热物理性能的影响规律.方法 利用固态置氢法对TC21钛合金进行氢处理,利用固体密度测试仪、激光导热仪和差示扫描量热仪等设备测定原始及含有不同氢含量TC21钛合金的热物理性能.结果 随着氢含量的增加,TC21钛合金的密度呈线性降低趋势;TC21钛合金在不同...     

Ni 含量对SHS 法合成TiC-Ni 基金属陶瓷的影响

利用SHS 结合准热等静压(PH IP) 技术制备了TiC-Ni 基金属陶瓷, 理论分析和实验显示, 绝热温度T_ad和燃烧温度T c 随Ni 含量的增加而降低, 反应温度影响产物的组织形貌,Ni 含量的增加使合成的TiC 颗粒尺寸变小, 并且逐渐趋向于规则的球形。最后的产物均由TiC 和Ni 两相组成。产物的致密度随Ni 含量的增加逐渐提高, 硬度值随Ni 含量的变化而变化, 两种因素的作用使硬度值在Ni 含量为20% 时达到最大。     

Thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat of flax fiber–HDPE biocomposites at processing temperatures

There is increasing work on the use of flax fibers as reinforcement for manufacturing composites because of their lower cost and environmental benefit. During manufacturing of such natural fiber–plastic composites, heat transfer is involved, but information about the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity at the processing temperatures is not available. In this study, the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat of flax fiber–high density polyethylene (HDPE) biocomposites were determined in the temperature range of 170–200 °C. The fiber contents in biocomposites were 10%, 20%, and 30% by mass. Using the line-source technique, the instrumental setup was developed to measure the thermal conductivity of biocomposites. It was found that the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat decreased with increasing fiber content, but thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity did not change significantly with temperature in the range studied. The specific heat of the biocomposites increased gradually with temperature.     

The thermophysical properties of hafnium in the temperature range from 293 to 2000 K

The temperature dependences are given of enthalpy, heat capacity, mean temperature coefficient of linear expansion, density, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and emissive properties of hafnium in the temperature range from 293 to 2000 K, which are obtained as a result of analysis and simultaneous processing of literature data.     

Sintering properties of submicron TiC powders from carbon coated titania precursor

The sintering behavior of submicron titanium carbide (TiC) synthesized from carbon coated titania (TiO₂) precursor was investigated in TiC-Ni system. The densification was examined as functions of initial carbon content (30.95–34 wt.%) and Ni content (3–20 wt.%). The sintered density of TiC-Ni was markedly decreased with increased carbon content in the precursor. The amount of Ni had a relatively small influence on the densification of submicron TiC-Ni cermet compared with TiC (commercially available HCS)-Ni cermets. The results show that submicron TiC with only 3 wt.% Ni can be sintered to densities above 95% TD in flowing Ar+10H₂ at 1500°C and below. The improvements in densification result from the capillary force increase since it is inversely dependent on the particle size. With decreased Ni content, the Vickers hardness increased and the fracture toughness decreased, as expected. However, the sufficient densification cannot be achieved for commercial HCS TiC powder sintered with Ni (<10 wt.%) under the same conditions. Therefore, both the Vickers hardness and fracture toughness decreased as the Ni content decreased. This was due to the increase of porosity in the sintered samples containing commercial TiC powder.     

铝电解用NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷的制备

以铝电解惰性阳极为应用目标，制备了不同金属相(Cu—Ni)含量的Ni-Cu／NiFe2O4金属陶瓷，研究了烧结气氛、温度和保温时间对其性能的影响，解决了烧结过程中氧化物陶瓷的离解和金属相被氧化的问题，比较了不同烧结条件下所得试样的基本物理参数，找到了较优的Ni—Cu／NiFe2O4金属陶瓷制备工艺。结果表明：Cu／NiFe2O4金属陶瓷的金属相中添加15wt％ Ni后，可以提高金属相的液相线温度，改善金属相对NiFe2O4陶瓷相的润湿性能，从而可在保证金属相不溢出且分布均匀的前提下，大大提高金属陶瓷的烧结温度和保温时间，显著提高金属陶瓷的致密度，进而改善金属陶瓷惰性阳极的耐腐蚀性能和导电性能。     

Theoretical considerations of the effects of rapid heating of solids on their apparent thermal properties

The conditions are investigated for thermal properties to change from their normal values when solids are heated very rapidly. The properties considered are specific heat, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity. Over times which may be as long as a microsecond, the heated solid is unable to expand: the appropriate values of specific heat and thermal conductivity are then those at constant volume rather than constant pressure. In those alloys where thermal equilibrium requires diffusion, its establishment is delayed, and if solids do not have time to expand, the diffusion coefficient is reduced. For heating times below nanoseconds, the electrons and the lattice may be at different temperatures, particularly if the energy is initially imparted to the electrons. The temperature of the electron gas of metals may then approach the degenerary temperature. The apparent specific heat of a decoupled system departs from the steady-state value in a manner which depends on how temperature is measured. In such a decoupled system the concepts of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity must be used with care.Paper presented at the First Workshop on Subsecond Thermophysics, June 20–21, 1988, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A.     

Thermophysical Properties of Automotive Metallic Brake Disk Materials

The temperature distribution, the thermal deformation, and the thermal stress of automotive brake disks have quite close relations with car safety; therefore, much research in this field has been performed. However, successful and satisfactory results have not been obtained because the temperature-dependent thermophysical properties of brake disk materials are not sufficiently known. In this study, the thermophysical properties (thermal diffusivity, the specific heat, and the coefficient of thermal expansion) of three kinds of iron alloy series brake disk materials, FC250, FC170, and FCD50, and two kinds of aluminum alloy series brake disk materials, Al MMC and A356, were measured in the temperature range from room temperature to 500 °C, and the thermal conductivity was calculated using the measured thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, and density. As expected, the results show that the two series have significant differences in respect of the thermophysical properties, and to reduce the thermal deformation of the brake disk, the aluminum alloys with a high thermal conductivity and the iron alloys with low thermal expansion are recommended.     

Determination of thermal conductivity from specific heat and thermal diffusivity measurements of plasma-sprayed cermets

The thermal conductivities of three plasma-sprayed cermets have been determined over the temperature range 23–630°C from the measurement of the specific heat, thermal diffusivity, and density. These cermets are mixtures of Al and SiC prepared by plasma spray deposition and are being considered for various applications in magnetic confinement fusion devices. The samples consisted of three compositions: 61 vol% Al/39 vol% SiC, 74vol% Al/26vol% SiC, and 83 vol% Al/17 vol% SiC. The specific heat was determined by differential scanning calorimetry through the Al melt transition up to 720°C, while the thermal diffusivity was determined using the laser flash technique up to 630°C. The linear thermal expansion was measured and used to correct the diffusivity and density values. The thermal diffusivity showed a significant increase after thermal cycling due to a reduction in the intergrain contact resistance, increasing from 0.4 to 0.6 cm²·^–1 at 160°C. However, effective medium theory calculations indicated that the thermal conductivities of both the Al and the SiC were below the ideal defect-free limit even after high-temperature cycling. The specific heat measurements showed suppressed melting points in the plasmasprayed cermets. The 39 vol% SiC began a melt endotherm at 577°C, which peaked in the 640–650°C range depending on the sample thermal history. Chemical and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of free silicon in the cermet and in the SiC powder, which resulted in a eutectic Al/Si alloy.Paper presented at the Ninth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 24–27, 1985, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.