基于设计奖项获奖案例的设计知识建模研究

为实现设计奖项获奖案例中的优秀设计知识的有效重用,对获奖案例中的设计知识类别和表示方式进行研究。通过分析设计奖项获奖案例中的设计知识内涵;引入本体概念,根据本体的四元组模型构建获奖案例中设计知识的本体结构。以中国设计智造大奖(DIA)中智慧城市服务平台类获奖案例为例,通过语言逻辑学、语义研究等方法对获奖案例的设计知识进行概念、本体属性、概念关系的描述和定义,从而搭建设计奖项知识(DAK)模型,并借助OWL语言和知识图谱等方式实现智慧城市服务平台类获奖案例中设计知识的语义表示。提出一种基于本体的设计奖项获奖案例知识模型,为设计奖项中的优秀设计知识储存、管理、重用提供理论支持和实践参考。     

基于知识发酵理论的知识管理系统框架研究

随着知识被识别为构建和保持组织创新能力、适应能力、学习能力以至核心竞争能力的唯一源泉,理论界和管理界对组织如何更好利用知识创造价值进行了大量而深入的研究,并且也得出了许多重要的研究成果,但是已有的研究都存在着共同的缺点,即缺乏对知识增长过程的机理分析,这就难以揭示知识在组织中运动和作用的内在规律,本文正是在这种背景下分析了已有的知识管理框架后,借鉴生物发酵过程,提出了知识发酵模型,并进一步探讨了该模型在组织学习和知识管理中的应用前景。这些成果对进一步探讨知识的特性和指导组织进行知识管理具有重要的指导意义。     

基于本体的FPBS设计模型研究

机械产品概念设计模型及其计算机辅助设计是目前研究的重点和热点问题.通过讨论提出了基于功能-原理-行为-结构(FPBS)模型的机械产品概念设计过程,研究了FPBS模型元素的语义关系,为模型的应用打下基础.对FPBS模型的知识系统运算需求进行了分析,表明本体能够有效地应用于FPBS模型的知识系统运算.据此提出了基于本体的FPBS模型,并进一步构建了FPBS本体模型系统.实例表明,该模型可以有效地应用于机械产品的计算机辅助概念设计.     

基于知识工程复杂产品开发过程的模型研究

 为了提高复杂产品开发的效率,驾驭复杂产品开发过程各个环节相互关联的复杂性,提出一种基于知识工程的复杂产品开发过程新模型.该模型把知识工程理论融入复杂产品开发全生命周期过程中,通过知识推理技术从数据库和知识库中获取相应开发阶段的知识和数据来驱动和指导整个复杂产品开发过程,以更好地重用设计知识.研究了该模型的关键技术,包括复杂产品开发知识处理技术和基于知识的CAD/CAM/CAE/CAPP集成技术,提出了两种知识处理方法,即基于规则-对象-框架的知识处理方法和基于规则-实例的知识处理方法,并研究了相应的推理算法;以知识库、数据库、规则库和实例库为基础,通过PDM,STEP中型文件、规则、实例和知识等,实现CAD/CAM/CAE/CAPP集成.最后,通过数据库技术、编程语言VC# . NET和CATIA软件实现了隧道掘进机（TBM）主机的快速设计系统,有效地减少了隧道掘进机主机开发的复杂性和缩短开发周期,以TBM主机为应用实例进一步介绍该模型的合理性和有效性.     

基于人力资源管理5P模型的知识共享策略

在适应我国本土实践的人力资源管理5P模型的基础上,提出了由社会联结系统、激励系统、价值规范系统等三大子系统构成的具有动态性的知识共享促进机制.运用该模型,分别从岗位设计、员工开发、绩效管理、薪酬与奖励以及积极的文化等五个模块,探讨了促进组织知识共享的人力资源管理策略.通过一个实际的案例应用,验证了该模型在知识管理实践中的有效性.     

面向设计知识重用的产品形态分析

目的加强对已有设计案例中产品形态设计知识的管理与重用。方法根据设计师对产品三维形态的构建过程,将产品形态设计知识分为通用性知识、控制性知识与表达性知识3种,从而提出了一种基于产品形态分析的知识提取方法,并对此方法进行了应用实践。结论按照提出方法可以建立产品形态设计案例和形态特征的匹配搜索,提升产品形态设计知识的管理与重用效率,支持设计师对形态设计知识的重用和创新。     

Ontology在工业工程中知识管理的应用探索

在描述本体定义、构建方法等相关知识的基础上,以工业工程为对象,提出利用本体论的思想方法对工业工程知识体系进行分析并初步构建其相关本体,进而为以后能实现一定程度的语义匹配、知识的共享、集成与重用打好基础,从而提高本领域知识的学习和检索效率,同时也可为制造知识服务业的知识生产打好基础。     

基于知识重用的毛绒玩具设计方法研究

以国内毛绒玩具行业现状为基础,分析了行业发展中存在的设计管理落后、创意人才缺乏、竞争日趋激烈等问题,结合知识工程理论,提出基于知识重用的计算机辅助毛绒玩具设计方法。从设计实例中获取、存储知识形成知识部件库,在知识重用的过程中结合图易软件完成毛绒玩具的造型、开版、算料与排版,使中小企业实现自主品牌设计成为可能。     

设计构思过程中基于设计评论的知识重用

目的探究设计者在设计构思过程中利用参考案例的相关评论展开设计知识重用的模式和特点。方法对设计评论进行分类,按照"设计—参考—迭代设计"的结构组织观察实验并制定实验任务,选取设计初学者作为实验对象并将其等分为实验组和对照组。通过分析设计概念输出以及相关回访数据来获取设计者利用不同类型评论进行知识重用的模式特点。结论相比于评论中的具体类知识,设计者更倾向于对评论中的概念类知识和可执行类知识进行重用。"颠覆"式的设计修改思路与概念类知识的重用有关;在视觉上突出显示评论中的概念类知识,能推动设计者突破原有的设计思路,从而帮助设计者提高其知识重用效率。     

基于科学文献计量的概念设计知识图谱研究

目的 探究概念设计研究的知识结构关系及谱系特征。方法 在我国科学基金资助的文献基础上,借助Citespace软件可视化,构建概念设计研究的知识图谱。结论 首先,通过作者共被引分析法,剖析概念设计领域的代表性学者及概念设计过程模型、产品信息建模、概念设计推理技术、计算机辅助概念设计等研究主题;其次,运用共词分析和聚类分析法,阐释研究领域涵盖的设计结构矩阵、设计认知、产品配置、产品进化等知识聚类;最后,利用引文分析法,探测概念设计在不同发展阶段的图谱特征,从而为基于科学文献的研究提供新视角和新思路。     

知识管理系统的运用与深化

在知识经济时代,企业已经开始认识到最宝贵的资产是知识,知识不但是生产的关键要素,而且还是企业保持持续竞争优势的重要手段。企业知识管理系统的有效实施,要在正确的思想指导下,建立适于知识共享的组织结构和企业文化,在理解和实施知识管理时必须坚持积累、信任、共享、交流、学习五项原则。知识管理的目标是实现组织总体发展战略,因此知识共享的过程也必须以实现组织战略目标为前提,重视对共享知识的甄选,建立知识共享平台和存储管理单元,引导知识交流,实施奖励政策。     

Agent-based knowledge management system with APQP: implementation of semiconductor manufacturing services industry

Future challenges posed to semiconductor manufacturing services firms demands a system framework which could not only introduce, development, and design new products into mass production with customer-acceptable quality level and profitable approaches, but also re-use best practice in the shop floor to continuously optimise the existing order fulfilment process with effectiveness and efficiency. Advanced product quality planning (APQP) tool integrated with agent-based knowledge management (KM) intelligence develops a systematic framework that responds to such challenges. We propose an APQP tool working with an agent-based knowledge management system (ABKMS) which builds on organisational knowledge resources and works with the APQP concept as well as KM agents. The proposed framework reflects how an APQP tool with KM agents seeks significant inroads into process knowledge repository to recommend a solution for decision making in delivering semiconductor manufacturing services in customer selection, parts and material selection, bill of material, equipments, and tools selection, with a modified APQP concept to work out the approach to be used to develop the streamlined and common process.     

An engineering design knowledge reuse methodology using process modelling

This paper describes an approach for reusing engineering design knowledge. Many previous design knowledge reuse systems focus exclusively on geometrical data, which is often not applicable in early design stages. The proposed methodology provides an integrated design knowledge reuse framework, bringing together elements of best practice reuse, design rationale capture and knowledge-based support in a single coherent framework. Best practices are reused through the process model. Rationale is supported by product information, which is retrieved through links to design process tasks. Knowledge-based methods are supported by a common design data model, which serves as a single source of design data to support the design process. By using the design process as the basis for knowledge structuring and retrieval, it serves the dual purpose of design process capture and knowledge reuse: capturing and formalising the rationale that underpins the design process, and providing a framework through which design knowledge can be stored, retrieved and applied. The methodology has been tested with an industrial sponsor producing high vacuum pumps for the semiconductor industry.     

基于3M特征的设计知识表达模型

针对目前支持创新设计的知识多是分类表达和管理,缺乏统一的知识表达和管理模型的问题,提出了一种基于3M（multi-attribute multi-dimensional multi-hierarchy,多属性多维度多层次）特征的知识统一表达与管理方法。根据支持创新设计的知识需求,将知识属性分为创新属性和基本属性两大类：创新属性是对知识内容的抽象化提取并实现知识间的多属性关联,包括知识的功能、输入输出流、TRIZ原理、领域属性;基本属性是对多学科知识物理属性的具体表述,包含背景、功能、原理、结构属性。通过建立基于知识创新属性和基本属性统一架构的知识表达模板,实现对不同类型知识的综合表达与交叉迁移,并根据该方法构建了相应知识库原型系统。以核反应堆堆下结构改进设计为例,说明了知识库的应用流程。结果表明此知识模型能够实现对设计知识的统一表达和管理,有利于知识的查找和应用,能有效地辅助设计者进行创新设计。     

知识库构建工具软件的设计与实现

人工智能研究领域之一的专家系统在工程设备上的应用需求较为广泛,但满足用户需求的应用实例很少,主要原因在于知识库构建复杂且困难,其质量得不到保障。针对这个问题,研究了知识获取存在的问题,开发了以故障树为核心表达方式的知识库构建工具软件,实现了故障诊断功能。根据工程实际需要,采用J2EE技术开发了一套B/S（browser/server,浏览器/服务器）模式知识库构建工具软件,并对知识库各模块进行了需求分析设计,包括知识模型的数据结构设计和业务层逻辑方法的设计。此外,还探讨了知识模型的多样性表达,以3种命名方式来表达完整的故障树。最后,通过实例说明了该知识库构建工具软件的可行性。研究结果表明：知识获取模块采用故障树表达方式,有利于知识库质量的提高;选择网页Web形式,可以实现多用户/多工位知识编辑和输入,显著提高知识获取效率。该知识获取辅助系统具有强通用性,为领域专家和工程师构建知识库提供了有力支持。     

A holistic view of knowledge integration in collaborative supply chains

New product development (NPD) projects offer a unique opportunity to examine knowledge integration themes in a collaborative network. We propose a finer grained view of knowledge integration mechanisms in collaborative supply chains. Specifically, we propose two different types of mechanisms that are in play within a collaborative supply chain; short-term knowledge sharing and iterative knowledge enrichment. Using data from a large and diverse set of 432 NPD projects, we investigate the effects of knowledge sharing and enrichment between firms and their collaborative network partners, on product concept effectiveness and process performance. Our findings suggest that knowledge sharing and enrichment are significant mechanisms for enterprise-wide knowledge integration in collaborative networks. In addition, upstream knowledge sharing and enrichment has a significant influence on both product concept effectiveness and manufacturing process performance, over and above the effects of downstream knowledge sharing and enrichment. The relationship of upstream and downstream knowledge sharing and enrichment on product concept effectiveness and process performance had varying effects based on the contexts of product type, stage in the product life cycle and project size, indicating a context-specific influence of knowledge strategies. The implication of our results on academic theory and managerial practice is offered.     

The reuse of machining knowledge to improve designer awareness through the configuration of knowledge libraries in PLM

The nature of competition induces the need to constantly improve and perform better. For global aerospace manufacturers, this is as timely an epithet as ever as market forces urge for more growth, better financial return and market position. The macroeconomic aspect is compounded by the growth of product complexity and the need for higher product quality, hence the drive to reduce waste places emphasis upon production costs and the need to improve product performance. This paper focuses upon a rapid development and deployment method that enables the capture and representation of machining knowledge so that it may be shared and reused by design engineers to accelerate the design-make process. The study and mapping of information and knowledge relationships are described and put forward as a lightweight ontology. From this, a set of knowledge document templates were created to facilitate the capture, structuring and sharing of machining knowledge within a collaborative multidisciplinary aerospace engineering environment. An experimental pilot system has been developed to test and demonstrate that knowledge document templates can accelerate the sharing of machining knowledge within an industrial product lifecycle management environment. The results are discussed to provide a case for further development and application within the product domain.     

Distributed knowledge sharing for collaborative product development

Product development is a knowledge-intensive activity in manufacturing enterprises. This paper analyses various forms of knowledge resources in the product development process and studies the representation scheme for them. Then a novel distributed knowledge sharing model is proposed for spreading and sharing knowledge among engineers in collaborative product development teams. In a collaborative team, engineers usually come from diverse disciplines; their demands for knowledge are also different from each other. The proposed knowledge sharing model could deliver the proper knowledge to the engineers who may need them. Moreover, our model is based on the engineers’ personal knowledge repositories rather than the centralised team knowledge repository in the collaborative team. The proposed model could bring out an efficient and proactive way for knowledge sharing among engineers in the product development process. The efficiency and usability of the proposed model are validated by experiments referring to the knowledge sharing in a real-world collaborative team of a manufacturing enterprise.     

面向医院管理的知识共享机制的研究

分析了医院管理中知识共享的障碍,从文化、组织、激励机制、制度和技术等层面对知识共享的实现进行研究,建立了知识共享机制的理论模型,为提高医院知识管理的能力和知识共享的效率提供了有效的途径.