凝固浴条件对PAN纤维结构及性能的影响

利用元素分析仪、X射线衍射仪、电子探针等手段,研究了温度、浓度等凝固浴参数对聚丙烯腈初生纤维及最终原丝结构和性能的影响,得到了湿法纺丝中制备高性能原丝的最优凝固工艺条件。结果表明:凝固浴温度60℃、浓度65%条件下,初生纤维及PAN原丝的晶粒尺寸最小、结晶度最高,初生纤维残留溶剂的含量较低、横截面形状近似圆形。     

凝固浴条件对聚酰亚胺纤维形貌和性能的影响

采用湿法纺丝获得聚酰胺酸(PAA)初生纤维,以水和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)的混合溶液作为凝固浴,通过热酰亚胺化制备了均苯四甲酸二酐/4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(PMDA/4,4’-ODA)-聚酰亚胺(PI)纤维。系统研究了阱深长度、凝固浴温度及浓度对PI纤维形貌和性能的影响。结果表明:PAA纤维截面在阱深长度较小、凝固浴温度较低、DMAc浓度较低时呈不规则的腰形,随着阱深长度不断增加,凝固浴温度和浓度的增加,纤维截面都会逐渐趋于圆形。在阱深长度为50cm,凝固浴温度40℃,以3%(体积分数)DMAc作为凝固浴时,所得PAA纤维截面形貌较圆整,且PI纤维性能较好。     

用高分子量微生物纤维素制备超细高强纤维纺丝工艺的研究

微生物纤维素粉末为原料,用LiCl/DMAC作为溶剂制得纺丝液,通过喷丝及多级凝固浴凝固成型,在不同的牵伸倍数下制备超细高强度再生纤维并对其机械性能、结晶度、晶粒尺寸、形貌等进行了系统的研究。其结果表明:第一凝固浴中采用负牵伸为50%时,所得的初生纤维表面光滑、结晶度高、直径细、力学性能强;在第二凝固浴和第三凝固浴中采用总的牵伸倍数为1.16倍时,所制备的纤维综合性能较好,细度为7~8微米,断裂强度达到1.0576个GPa,大大超过了同类天然纤维的强度。     

国家碳纤维产业计量测试中心为企业开展培训服务和支撑企业重点项目建设

正近日,国家碳纤维产业计量测试中心组织专业人员为威海拓展纤维有限公司某高强高模碳纤维产业化项目开展关键参数测量测试技术培训。国家碳纤维产业计量测试中心主讲工程师围绕碳纤维生产涉及的丙烯腈碱金属含量、上浆剂官能团、二甲基亚砜凝固浴浓度、氧化炉内氧含量及露点、石墨化炉温度、原丝溶剂残留和表面形貌、碳纤维N、S含量和石墨化程度等关键参数,为企业技术人员进行了集中培训。随后,在国家碳纤维产业计量测试中心实验室现场为参训人员开展了有关参数测试实际操作培训。     

导电聚苯胺纤维的制备与性能表征

以一种新型的双子表面活性剂6,6′-(丁基-1,4-二基双氧)双(3-壬基苯磺酸)(9BA-4-9BA)作为掺杂剂制备聚苯胺导电纤维,并与用2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPSA)掺杂的聚苯胺纤维的性能进行比较,探讨了聚苯胺分子量、纺丝原液的浓度、掺杂剂种类、凝固浴、牵伸工艺对纤维形貌和导电性能的影响。研究表明,质量分数为14%的AMPSA掺杂聚苯胺的二氯乙酸溶液在丙酮凝固浴中得到的初生纤维的电导率达到1.77S/cm,而质量分数为14%9BA-4-9BA掺杂聚苯胺的二氯乙酸溶液在9BA-4-9BA/丙酮凝固浴中得到的初生纤维及1倍牵伸纤维的表面形貌光滑规整,电导率分别为0.39 S/cm和1.14 S/cm。     

凝固浴组分对双凝固浴法制备PVDF膜结构和性能的影响

在内外凝胶浴中添加不同含量的溶剂,采用双凝固浴法制备了PVDF/PVP/DMAc中空纤维膜.通过膜形貌扫描电镜( SEM)表征,纯水水通量和牛血清蛋白(BSA)截留率测试实验,分析评价了凝固浴中溶剂含量对PVDF中空纤维膜结构与性能的影响.结果表明,凝固浴中溶剂含量增大会导致皮层孔隙率增多,而对亚层结构的影响各不相同.膜的纯水渗透通量变化无明显规律性,但BSA截留率保持相对稳定.当内外凝固浴中溶剂体积分数分别为30％和70％时,膜内部大孔发育良好,亚层疏松多孔,水通量分别为270 L/(m2,h)和548 L/(m2·h),显示了良好的渗透性能.     

湿法纺聚丙烯腈纤维的截面形貌与皮芯结构的研究

利用电子探针、扫描电镜研究了聚丙烯腈在湿法纺丝工艺中的横截面形貌与皮芯结构.结果表明凝固浴温度会影响初生纤维的横截面形貌与芯部结构.在较高的凝固浴浓度下,较高的凝固浴温度可使双扩散速率增加,扩散比较充分,纤维横截面形状趋于圆形,芯部空洞减少,密度提高,其原丝具有较优的物理机械性能.原丝扫描电镜分析证实,原丝为皮芯多层结构组织.     

聚丙烯腈纤维径向致密结构的光密度法研究

凝固过程聚丙烯腈(PAN)初生纤维在径向上各点的双扩散程度不同,可能会造成PAN纤维在径向上致密结构的差异。首先采用光密度法测定PAN初生纤维径向的致密结构及其差异性的可行性和影响因素,在此基础上采用光密度法研究了凝固浴温度对PAN初生纤维致密性结构差异的影响。结果表明：对于PAN初生纤维,采用纤维切片厚度为4μm、调整入射光强使背景灰度为140时进行PAN初生纤维光密度的测定;保持凝固浴浓度恒定不变,凝固浴温度从25℃升高到65℃会导致PAN初生纤维的灰度降低、光密度值增大、纤维径向皮部与芯部的光密度差值增大,这表明随着凝固浴温度的升高,纤维的致密性降低、径向致密结构差异增大。光密度法可以用来定量表征PAN纤维的径向结构及其差异。     

汽车制造用苎麻纤维增强聚丙烯的力学性能研究

分析测定了不同长度、不同含量、不同处理方法的苎麻纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能(包括拉伸、压缩、弯曲、冲击性能),并与纯聚丙烯的性能进行了对比,通过典型的拉伸应力-应变曲线、弯曲应力-应变曲线、压缩应力-应变曲线、伸长率等的分析,并用电镜观察断口形貌,可以找到最佳的配比方案.     

凝固条件对PBO初生纤维孔结构及拉伸强度的影响

研究了凝固浴条件对PBO初生纤维孔结构及拉伸强度的影响。结果表明：在考察范围内,随凝固浴温度的降低、凝固浴浓度的增大,初生纤维的孔体积总量减小,孔径分布范围变窄,优势孔的孔径分布峰数量减少,初生纤维的强度增大。随着凝固牵伸倍率（2～10）的增加,孔体积减小、优势孔的孔径分布峰数量减少;但当牵伸倍率大于10倍时,总孔体积和优势孔的孔径分布峰数量开始增加;初生纤维的强度则随牵伸倍率的增大而增长。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.