泡沫铝-聚氨酯静态压缩特性及吸能特性分析

目的研究球形孔开孔泡沫铝相对密度、孔径对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料力学性能的影响,以及对其吸能性能的影响。方法对制备的泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料进行准静态压缩实验。结果通过准静态压缩实验,得出分别对应的应力-应变曲线,并通过应力-应变曲线推导出吸能-应变曲线。当泡沫铝孔径一定时,泡沫铝相对密度从35.0%提升到38.4%时,泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的屈服强度增加了6.5 MPa。当泡沫铝相对密度一定时,泡沫铝孔径从5.5 mm增大到9.5 mm时,泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的屈服强度增加了3.38 MPa。结论泡沫铝的相对密度、孔径对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的性能有很大的影响,泡沫铝的相对密度越大,复合材料的性能越好,泡沫铝孔径越大复合材料性能越好,且泡沫铝相对密度越大,复合材料吸能特性越好,泡沫铝孔径越大,复合材料吸能特性越好。     

泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料力学及吸能性能分析

目的 研究泡沫铝相对密度、孔径对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料准静态压缩力学性能、吸能性能、吸能效率和理想吸能效率的影响。方法 将制备的泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料试样在万能材料试验机上进行准静态压缩试验,得出对应的应力-应变曲线,由应力-应变曲线分析材料的吸能性能、吸能效率、理想吸能效率。结果 当泡沫铝孔径一定,泡沫铝相对密度由0.350提升至0.384时,泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料屈服强度提升了4.38 MPa,而最大吸能效率由0.29下降至0.27,准静态压缩性能有所提高。当泡沫铝相对密度一定,泡沫铝孔径由5 mm增加至9 mm时,泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料屈服强度提升了6.16 MPa,而最大吸能效率由0.25升高到0.27,准静态压缩性能有所提高。结论 当进行准静态压缩时,泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料压缩性能随相对密度的增大而增大,随孔径的增大而增大;泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的吸能性能随相对密度的增大而增大,随孔径的增大而增大;泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的最大吸能效率随相对密度的增大而减小,随孔径的增大变化微小。     

泡沫铝相对密度对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料吸能性能的影响

目的通过准静态压缩试验研究泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料(AF-PU)的压缩性能,并利用试验数据探究泡沫铝(AF)相对密度对整体材料吸能性能的影响规律。方法首先使用相关仪器和材料制备AF-PU复合材料,其次用相关仪器对其进行准静态压缩试验。结果 AF-PU复合材料通过相关仪器进行准静态压缩试验,计算得到相对应的应力-应变曲线,同时通过计算得到相对应的吸能-应变曲线。当泡沫铝相对密度从5.6%增加到6.7%时,整体复合材料的屈服强度提升了22.18%。在压缩过程中,当复合材料的压缩应变为0.8时,整体复合材料的总吸能增加了70.08%。结论 AF-PU复合材料的吸能性能随着AF相对密度的增加而增强。     

泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料压缩性能分析

目的研究泡沫铝孔径(泡沫铝内部孢孔直径)对泡沫铝压缩性能的影响,并对泡沫铝、聚氨酯(PU)、泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的压缩性能和吸能性能进行对比分析。分析泡沫铝孔隙率、聚氨酯含量对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料压缩性能和吸能性能的影响规律。方法对试样进行准静态压缩试验。结果通过准静态压缩试验,分别得出了对应的应力-应变曲线,并通过应力-应变曲线推导出吸能-应变曲线。结论从试验所得的应力-应变曲线和吸能-应变曲线可知,泡沫铝压缩性能、吸能性能随着泡沫铝孔径的增加而变好,且在泡沫铝中加入聚氨酯形成泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料后,其压缩性能、吸能性能相对于单纯泡沫铝、聚氨酯有很大提升。当泡沫铝孔隙率一定时,泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的压缩性能、吸能性能会随着聚氨酯含量的增加而变好。当聚氨酯含量一定时,泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的压缩性能、吸能性能会随着泡沫铝孔隙率的减小而变好。     

聚氨酯泡沫铝复合材料动态力学实验

通过在开孔泡沫铝中填充聚氨酯得到了聚氨酯泡沫铝, 利用Hopkinson杆对泡沫铝与泡沫聚氨酯组成的三维连续网络增强复合材料进行了在不同相对密度、 应变率和聚氨酯含量下的动态压缩实验。结果表明, 在相同应变率和相对密度下, 与泡沫纯铝相比, 聚氨酯泡沫铝屈服强度和压缩应变量显著增加, 而且应力-应变曲线出现明显的抖动。 随着应变的不断增大, 应力也逐渐增加, 在达到某一相同的应变时, 聚氨酯泡沫铝的应力值较高, 吸能量也较多。另外, 当应变率增加时, 聚氨酯泡沫铝表现出很明显的应变率效应。      

孔径对球体开孔泡沫铝压缩及吸能性能的影响

目的 研究在准静态压缩过程中,不同孔径（泡沫铝内部胞孔的直径）对球体开孔泡沫铝压缩性能及吸能性能的影响。方法 针对3种不同孔径的泡沫铝试样进行准静态压缩实验。通过准静态压缩试验得出泡沫铝的应力-应变曲线,并通过应力-应变曲线计算得到吸能-应变曲线。结果 当泡沫铝孔径从5 mm增加到9 mm时,球形孔开孔泡沫铝的屈服强度增加了4.6862 MPa,最大吸能效率由24.45%提升到27.71%,力学性能和吸能性能均得到提升。结论 泡沫铝的压缩性能和吸能性能随着球体开孔泡沫铝孔径的增加而增强。     

泡沫铝-聚氨酯的制备及其吸能特性分析

目的 制备泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料,并研究球形开孔泡沫铝的孔隙率、聚氨酯（PU）的含量对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料压缩性能和吸能性能的影响。分析泡沫铝孔隙率、聚氨酯含量对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料吸能效率和理想吸能效率的影响规律。方法 通过对复合材料试样进行准静态压缩试验,得出对应的应力-应变曲线,进一步推导出吸能-应变曲线、吸能效率-应力曲线和理想吸能效率-应力曲线。结果 当泡沫铝的孔隙率一定时,随着PU含量的上升,泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的压缩性能和吸能性能得到提升。当PU含量一定时,随着泡沫铝孔隙率的减小,泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的压缩性能和吸能性能会增加。结论 明确了吸能效率曲线和理想吸能效率曲线的应用范围,为缓冲材料的选择提供了依据。     

泡沫铝孔隙率对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料吸能性能的影响

目的 研究在压缩过程中,泡沫铝孔隙率对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料吸能性能的影响。方法 对制备的泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料进行准静态压缩实验。结果 通过准静态压缩实验得出泡沫铝以及不同孔隙率的泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的应力-应变曲线,分析可知泡沫铝孔隙率从94.6%降到93%,其吸能性能增加了71.9%。结论 在泡沫铝中加入聚氨酯形成的泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料相比于泡沫铝的吸能性能得到很大提高,且泡沫铝的孔隙率与泡沫铝-聚氨酯的吸能性能成负相关的关系。     

开孔与闭孔泡沫铝的压缩力学行为

研究了开孔与闭孔两种胞孔结构不同、制备工艺不同的泡沫铝在准静态压缩载荷下的压缩响应曲线.结果表明:开孔与闭孔泡沫铝压缩应力-应变曲线均具有多孔泡沫材料明显的三阶段特征,即线弹性段、塑性屈服平台段及致密段;相对密度对泡沫材料的力学性能(如杨氏模量、屈服强度)有很大影响;在准静态下,开孔泡沫铝表现出明显的应变率效应,而闭孔泡沫不如开孔敏感;泡沫铝材料表现为弱的各向异性;胞孔结构影响两种泡沫材料的压缩响应曲线.     

泡沫铝环氧树脂互穿相复合材料压缩力学性能

通过一系列准静态压缩实验研究了纯泡沫铝、 纯环氧树脂及三种不同体积分数的空心玻璃微珠(HGB)泡沫铝-环氧树脂互穿相复合材料(IPC)等五种材料压缩的变形过程和破坏形貌, 分析了其破坏机制, 并对三种IPC进行了应力松弛实验。通过绘制应力-应变曲线, 分析了其变化规律, 得出了有效弹性模量、 屈服极限等力学性能及能量吸收特性。结果表明: 三种IPC的有效弹性模量、 屈服极限及比强度、 比刚度均较纯泡沫铝有较大的提高, 泡沫铝-环氧树脂的单位体积吸能率最大, 且吸能率随空心玻璃微珠体积分数的增加而减小。泡沫铝-环氧树脂IPC有效弹性模量的预测结果与实验值较为符合。应力松弛率随空心玻璃微珠体积分数增加而增大。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.