水溶性聚氨酯热熔胶的制备

目的制备水溶性聚氨酯热熔胶。方法用聚乙二醇(PEG)和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为原料,制备水溶性聚氨酯热熔胶,研究了PEG的相对分子质量、TDI滴加温度、原料配比和反应时间等对水溶性聚氨酯热熔胶性能的影响。结果当PEG8000,PEG600,PEG200,乙二醇和TDI的摩尔比为1∶1∶0.8∶1∶4,TDI的滴加温度为60～70℃、反应时间为4 h时,所得水溶性聚氨酯热熔胶的软化点为59.5℃、粘接强度为2.668 MPa。结论制备的水溶性聚氨酯热熔胶可以作为电子产品零配件等工业半成品的表面保护膜。     

无皂蓖麻油基聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯复合乳液的制备与性能研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)、蓖麻油(C.O)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)及甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为主要原料,采用自乳化法制备蓖麻油基水性聚氨酯预聚体,并以此为种子乳液进行丙烯酸酯单体的无皂乳液聚合,制备出了以蓖麻油基聚氨酯(CPU)为壳、聚丙烯酸酯(PA)为核的无皂核壳蓖麻油基水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯(CPUA)复合乳液。研究了蓖麻油对复合乳液及其胶膜性能的影响,并采用透射电镜(TEM)确认了复合乳液的结构,红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)及热失重(TGA)分析研究了聚合物的结构及其性能。结果表明,当C.O与PCDL中—OH物质的量之比为1∶3时,乳液性能稳定,胶膜具有良好的耐水性及力学性能。IR、XRD及TEM表明CPUA间存在一定的交联,促进了硬段、软段间的相容性。与水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯(WPUA)相比,合成的CPUA热稳定性得以提高,胶膜拉伸强度高达111MPa。     

表面接枝TDI碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料的研制

为改善碳纳米管的分散性,用2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)对碳纳米管进行表面修饰,采用溶液复合方法与聚氨酯共混制备了碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料.通过FTIR证明了TDI确实接枝到碳纳米管表面,采用SEM、DMA、TGA等手段分析了碳纳米管修饰后的分散性及复合材料的力学性能和热性能.结果表明,经TDI修饰后的碳纳米管可以更好的分散在聚氨酯基体中,提高了聚氨酯的力学性能和热性能.     

水性聚氨酯为表面活性剂的SiO2-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合微球的细乳液法制备

采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚醚二元醇N210和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为主要反应原料, 合成出羧酸型水性聚氨酯, 并以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)对其进行C=C封端, 然后使用该水性聚氨酯作为可聚合表面活性剂, 采用双原位细乳液法, 不同引发剂体系引发聚合, 制备出SiO₂-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合微球。通过TEM、FTIR和TGA等测试方法对所得产物进行了表征分析。结果表明, 使用水性聚氨酯表面活性剂(PUS)所制备的SiO₂-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合微球形貌, 不同于传统小分子表面活性剂所制得产物的形貌, 而且引发剂类型对SiO₂-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合微球形貌有较大影响。     

非离子型聚氨酯表面活性剂的合成及其性能

以4，4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、蓖麻油、聚乙二醇和甲醇为原料，通过逐步聚合得到一种新型的表面活性剂．并用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。对该表面活性剂在水相中表面活性进行测试，结果表明，所制备出的聚氨酯表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度约为10^-3mol／L，水溶液的最低表面张力可达30mN／m.     

聚乙二醇的改性及水性环氧树脂乳液性能研究

采用氧化聚乙二醇(PEG)得到两端为羧基的改性PEG(PEG-COOH),将其与环氧树脂原位反应制得水性环氧树脂乳液。研究了PEG相对分子质量、PEG-COOH用量和环氧树脂对水性环氧树脂乳液的粒径、稳定性等的影响。结果表明,采用PEG相对分子质量为4000的PEG4000合成了PEG-COOH,以PEG-COOH∶环氧树脂E-20的配合比为25%(wt,质量分数)∶100%(wt,质量分数)条件下,制得的水性环氧树脂乳液的平均粒径为97.5nm。静置180d无沉淀,且水性环氧树脂乳液上浆碳纤维后,明显改善了碳纤维表面的沟槽状况。     

阳-非离子型聚氨酯表面活性剂的制备与性能

以异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚氧乙烯长链烷基胺(PAE)等为主要原料,合成了一系列兼具阳离子特性和非离子特性的新型聚氨酯高分子表面活性剂;并对产物进行了红外分析,研究了其侧链烷基碳数、环氧乙烷加合数及外加电解质对表面张力、临界胶束浓度的影响。实验结果表明,当PAE侧链烷基为C_(18),环氧乙烷加合数目为5时,其聚氨酯高分子表面活性剂综合性能优异,溶液的临界胶束浓度为39.600 mg/L,水溶液的表面张力最低可达33.131 m N/m。     

表面活性剂助剂对水性基墨性能的影响

目的通过研究表面活性剂对水性基墨干燥性能、颜色性能和流变性的影响规律,得到选择表面活性剂助剂的理论基础。方法选用阴离子、非离子和阴/非三类6种表面活性剂助剂,利用流变仪和表面张力仪等测量助剂加入前后水性基墨粘度、表面张力、接触角、色密度、光泽度等的变化规律。结果6种助剂加入后对水性基墨在薄膜上的润湿性影响较小;阴离子表面活性剂能够降低水性基墨的动态表面张力和粘度,降低色密度,提高稳定性;非离子表面活性剂可以提高水性基墨的干燥速率;阴/非复合助剂和阴离子表面活性剂有利于提高水性基墨的综合性能。结论助剂对水性基墨性能影响复杂,要考虑综合效果选择使用。     

单组分水性聚氨酯涂料的制备与性能研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)或甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚醚多元醇(GE220)和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为主要原料,制得不含有机溶剂的单组分水性聚氨酯分散液,研究了NCO/OH的摩尔比和DMPA含量对水性聚氨酯分散液及其成膜后性能的影响。结果表明,当NCO/OH(摩尔比)=1.8,DMPA与GE220比值为2时,水性聚氨酯分散液的物理性能及其成膜后的力学性能最佳。     

聚氨酯阴离子表面活性剂的合成及对铅离子的吸附研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二羟基丙酸(DMPA)和不同分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG)为主要原料,以甲醇、丁醇、辛醇和聚乙二醇单甲醚500为封端剂,合成了一系列聚氨酯阴离子表面活性剂。用红外光谱对其结构进行表征;用凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测得数均分子量为3400~5300g/mol,分布指数在1.73~1.97之间。用表面张力法测得临界胶束浓度,用原子吸收光谱法研究其对铅离子的吸附性能。研究发现,随着表面活性剂浓度增加,其对铅离子的吸附效率增加;以低分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG-400)和甲醇为封端剂所制备的聚氨酯阴离子表面活性剂对铅离子的吸附效率最佳,对浓度为1mg/L的铅离子溶液的吸附效率达到了99.0%,可使水中的铅离子浓度降低至0.01mg/L,基本达到饮用水的标准。     

高表面活性的水性聚氨酯乳液的制备及性能

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、嵌段聚醚二醇PE6100以及聚醚胺ED-2003为原料,采用自乳化法合成了固含量40%的非离子型水性聚氨酯(WPU),通过红外光谱(FT-IR)对产物的结构进行了分析,并对产物的粒径、流变性能、表面张力、临界胶束浓度(CMC)进行了研究,结果表明,得到的WPU具有一定的触变性,平均粒径大多为100nm~400nm,在1g/L的浓度时水溶液的表面张力不超过37mN/m,具有较好的降低水溶液表面张力的能力。     

Physicochemical characterization of rutaecarpine-loaded microemulsion system

To develop an o/w microemulsion system containing poorly water-soluble rutaecarpine, the solubility of rutaecarpine in water, ethanol, various oils, and surfactants were investigated. Among the surfactants and oils tested, Tween 20/PEG 400 and castor oil were chosen as the surfactant system and oil phase of the microemulsion, as rutaecarpine was most soluble in them, respectively. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed to obtain the concentration range of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant for microemulsion formation, and the stability test of rutaecarpine delivered by microemulsion formation was then evaluated. Pseudoternary phase diagrams show that the areas of microemulsion appeared at those with 0-20% Smix (PEG 400/Tween80 = 60/40), 64-81% water, and 10-20% oil. The rutaecarpine (300 µg/g)-loaded microemulsion composed of 10.8% PEG 400, 7.2% Tween 80, 20% caster oil, and 72% water was physically and chemically stable for at least 6 months. Thus, the microemulsion system composed of castor oil, PEG 400, Tween 80, and water could be a stable dosage form for rutaecarpine.     

Physicochemical Characterization of Rutaecarpine-Loaded Microemulsion System

To develop an o/w microemulsion system containing poorly water-soluble rutaecarpine, the solubility of rutaecarpine in water, ethanol, various oils, and surfactants were investigated. Among the surfactants and oils tested, Tween 20/PEG 400 and castor oil were chosen as the surfactant system and oil phase of the microemulsion, as rutaecarpine was most soluble in them, respectively. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed to obtain the concentration range of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant for microemulsion formation, and the stability test of rutaecarpine delivered by microemulsion formation was then evaluated. Pseudoternary phase diagrams show that the areas of microemulsion appeared at those with 0–20% Smix (PEG 400/Tween80 = 60/40), 64–81% water, and 10–20% oil. The rutaecarpine (300 µg/g)-loaded microemulsion composed of 10.8% PEG 400, 7.2% Tween 80, 20% caster oil, and 72% water was physically and chemically stable for at least 6 months. Thus, the microemulsion system composed of castor oil, PEG 400, Tween 80, and water could be a stable dosage form for rutaecarpine.     

黏度法研究非离子型高分子对盐水溶液中油酸钾聚集行为的影响

测定了在不同浓度聚丙二醇(PPG)、聚乙二醇(PEG)和聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)存在条件下油酸钾盐水溶液的黏度,研究了非离子型高分子对盐水溶液中油酸钾表面活性剂聚集行为的影响,结果表明,随着非离子型高分子的加入,油酸钾盐水溶液的黏度迅速下降,但是程度显著不同,不仅如此,加入更加疏水的聚丙二醇以后,油酸钾盐水溶液黏度下降的程度最低。由此可见,非离子型高分子疏水程度不是导致表面活性剂盐水溶液黏度下降的唯一因素,高分子与表面活性剂疏水和亲水基团之间的相互作用,以及由此形成的高分子/表面活性剂聚集体的形态,是决定表面活性剂盐水溶液黏度下降最主要的原因。     

Effect of γ-radiation sterilization on the stability of polyurethane potting compounds based on castor oil/SMDI and caprolactone polyol/SMDI, used for hollow fibre haemodialyzer

Stability of polyurethane potting compounds based on castor oil/SMDI and caprolactone polyol/SMDI in repeated gamma radiation sterilization was studied. Radiation-induced degradation and leaching of low molecular weight fragments are higher in castor oil based polyurethane than in caprolactone polyol based polyurethane. For castor oil and caprolactone polyol based polyurethanes degradation increases up to 5 Mrad dose of sterilization. Further increase of dose of sterilization decreases leaching in caprolactone polyol based polyurethane which has resulted from secondary reactions leading to crosslinking. In the case of castor oil based polyurethane such crosslinks undergo cleavage at 10 Mrad dose of sterilization.     

紫外光固化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂的合成及流变行为研究

采用不同方法合成紫外光固化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯，研究了原料配比，反应时间，加料顺序，催化剂等对其流变行为的影响，实验结果表明，在无催化剂的条件下，以丙烯酸羟乙酯先与异氰酸酯反应，后加蓖麻油的加料顺序可合成具有优良流动性和光固化性能的蓖麻油紫外光固化树脂。     

Synthesis and characterization of castor oil based polyurethane-polyacrylonitrile interpenetrating polymer networks

A series of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of castor oil based polyurethane/polyacrylonitrile (PU/PAN: 80/20, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60 and 20/80) were synthesized by condensation reaction of castor oil with methylene diisocyanate and acrylonitrile, employing benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDM) as initiator and crosslinkers respectively. The physical, chemical, optical and some of the mechanical properties of PU/PAN were studied. Phase stabilization in IPNs was investigated by wide angle X-ray (WAXS) profile analysis. Variation of crystal size distribution was studied in these polymer networks. Paper presented at the 5th IUMRS ICA98, October 1998, Bangalore     

Some Properties of an Ethoxylated Castor Oil and Ethoxylated Oleyl Alcohol

Ethoxylated derivates have been used as surfactants for some years. In this work, ethoxylated castor oil and ethoxylated oleyl alcohol alone and/or their I:I mixtures were used as surfactants in oil/water type of emulsion systems.

The physicochemical properties of ethoxylated castor oil (Simulsol OL 50) and ethoxylated oleyl alcohol (Simulsol 98) have been investigated.

Both of these materials have properties associated with non-ionic surfactants, although considerably soluble in water, the compounds have slight solubility in nonpolar solvents.

Surface tensions of aqueous solutions were measured over a temperature range of 20°C to 40°C. CMC were determined by surface tension measurements. pH, refractive index, conductivity and density of the two surfactants were also determined.     

塑料真空镀膜用单组分聚氨酯清漆的研制

本文研究了用苯酐部分酯化代替部分TDI合成单组分聚氨酯树脂的合成工艺 ,探讨了配方中的各变量 ,如油的种类、油度、TDI用量以及溶剂的选择等对树脂的涂膜性能的影响。通过与改性环氧树脂进行配伍 ,配制出应用范围广泛、涂膜性能优异的单组分涂料     

全氟聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯聚合物的制备与应用

为了得到具有优良防水防油性能的织物整理剂,以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚酯二元醇(PE1000)、N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为原料合成出交联聚氨酯,再以苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、全氟丙烯酸酯(FA)为单体、偶氮二异丁腈(BPO)为引发剂,通过溶液聚合制备了全氟聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯聚合物织物整理剂。本文对聚合物进行了表征并讨论了其对织物防水、防油的应用效果。实验表明,通过阳离子全氟聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯聚合物处理的织物表面对水的接触角可达136°,对石蜡油的接触角可达120°。