添加剂对等离子喷涂Cr2O3涂层组织和耐蚀性的影响

采用等离子喷涂方法制备Cr2O3陶瓷涂层,研究了CeO2和SiO2添加剂对涂层组织和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,在喷涂粉末中添加适量的CeO2和SiO2可降低涂层的孔隙率、减少孔洞尺寸,从而提高了涂层的耐蚀性。     

AZ31B镁合金表面自蔓延反应火焰喷涂Al_2O_3基陶瓷层的组织结构及性能

为了提高火焰喷涂Al2O3基陶瓷涂层的致密度、结合强度和耐磨性,将铝热剂Al/CuO加入氧化铝钛粉(AT)陶瓷骨料中,采用自蔓延(SHS)反应火焰喷涂技术在AZ31B镁合金表面制备了Al2O3基复相陶瓷层,并对涂层的组织结构、致密度、抗热震性、结合强度和耐磨性进行了测试,分析了铝热剂对陶瓷层性能的影响。结果表明:与普通火焰喷涂制备的AT陶瓷层相比,SHS反应火焰喷涂制备的Al2O3基陶瓷层内部有Cu2+1O,Cu3TiO5,Al等新相生成,具有良好的致密度、结合强度和显微硬度,其耐磨性较普通火焰喷涂AT层提高较多。     

自蔓延高温合成反应热喷涂Al2O3基复相陶瓷涂层的性能

为了改善AZ31B镁合金的耐磨性,以Al2O3-13%TiO2为陶瓷骨料,在其中加入Al/CuO铝热荆,采用普通氧乙炔火焰自蔓延高温合成反应热喷涂技术在镁合金表面制备Al2O3基复相陶瓷涂层.通过X射线衍射分析了陶瓷涂层的组成.结果表明,所得复相陶瓷涂层具有良好的抗热震性,涂层内有Cu4MgO5,CuAlO2等新的物相产生.磨粒磨损试验、黏着干磨损试验和黏着油磨损试验表明:自蔓延反应热喷涂陶瓷涂层的耐磨性是AZ31B基体的6.48,3.32,6.04倍,普通热喷涂层的耐磨性是AZ31B基体的3.60,1.76,1.67倍,自蔓延反应热喷涂陶瓷涂层的耐磨性比普通热喷涂层有较大提高.     

镁合金热化学反应热喷涂Al2O3基复相陶瓷涂层的性能

为了提高镁合金的耐磨、耐蚀等性能,以Al2O3+TiO2为陶瓷骨料,加入Al+B2O3+TiO2放热反应体系,采用氧乙炔火焰喷涂技术在AZ31B镬合金表面制备Al2O3基复相陶瓷涂层,研究了复合陶瓷涂层的形貌、致密性、相结构、热震性能、耐磨性和耐蚀性,并与普通热喷涂陶瓷涂层进行了比较.结果表明:热化学反应热喷涂层表面陶瓷粒子的熔化率较高,呈熔岩状;热化学反应热喷涂过程中发生热化学反应,涂层中有TiB2等新相生成;热化学反应热喷涂层的抗热震性、致密性、耐磨性、耐蚀性均优于普通热喷涂层,清漆封孔可使热化学反应热喷涂层的致密性大幅提高,几乎不发生腐蚀.     

等离子喷涂Al2O3+13%TiO2陶瓷涂层的组织结构及其耐磨性

本文用X射线衍射、扫描电镜等研究了等离子喷涂Al2O3+13%TiO2(质量分数)陶瓷涂层的相结构、相组成及其组织特征.陶瓷涂层孔隙率低,致密程度较高,以亚稳相γ-Al2O3为主要相,同时存在α-Al2O3和金红石TiO2.富Al2O3区与富TiO2区呈明显相互交迭的层状结构,且存在相互成分扩散.另外,涂层设计对硬度有一定影响,TiO2的引入提高了涂层的耐磨性.     

Al2O3陶瓷爆炸喷涂涂层性能分析

使用爆炸喷涂法制备了Al2O3陶瓷涂层,以自熔性NiAl合金粉末作为底层,基体为45钢。涂层的XRD图谱分析表明,爆炸喷涂的Al2O3陶瓷涂层结构以α-Al2O3及γ-Al2O3为主,说明在爆炸喷涂中存在相变过程;使用国标JB/T7509-94铁试剂方法进行测定,Al2O3陶瓷涂层孔隙率为0.019个/mm2,爆炸喷涂的Al2O3陶瓷涂层结构致密;滑动磨损试验说明,爆炸喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层提高了钢基体的耐磨损性能,适用于耐磨涂层。     

不同Al2O3-TiO2-Cr2O3-SiO2配比等离子喷涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能

为了探讨等离子喷涂制备Al2O3-TiO2-Cr2O3-SiO2层的可行性及其喷涂层的耐磨性,采用等离子喷涂在Q235钢表面分别制备了54%Al2O3-36%TiO2-10%Cr2O3-0.5%SiO2,42%Al2O3-28%TiO2-28.5%Cr2O3-1.5%SiO2和30%Al2O3-20%TiO2-47.5%Cr2O3-2.5%SiO23种陶瓷层,分析了陶瓷涂层的金相显微形貌、显微硬度及耐磨粒磨损性能,并分析了其耐磨粒磨损的机理。结果表明:3种涂层的显微硬度分布均具有梯度分布特性,Al2O3+Cr2O3硬质相含量越高,涂层硬度越大;30%Al2O3-20%TiO2-47.5%Cr2O3-2.5%SiO2喷涂粉制成的涂层的硬度最大,耐磨粒磨损性能最佳。     

2Y2O3-xCeO2对ZTM复相陶瓷相组成、显微结构、力学性能的影响

采用原位反应烧结工艺制备了ZrO2增韧莫来石(ZTM)复相陶瓷.研究和分析了在Y2O3为2mol%的情况下,CeO2添加量(用2Y2O3-xCeO2)对ZTM复相陶瓷相组成,显微结构及力学性能的影响.结果表明,当CeO2添加量大于4.5mol%时,CeO2同ZrO2固溶,形成相对的t-ZrO2;当CeO2添加量在1.5～4.5mol%时,ZrO2晶格畸变,晶胞长大,缺陷增加,CeO2偏析、聚集,力学性能下降.当CeO2添加量为6.5mol%时,ZTM复相陶瓷的抗弯强度达到370Mpa,断裂韧性为4.8Mpa*m1/2.     

基于TiC_(0.5)N_(0.5)/Si_3N_4复相陶瓷基体的PVD及CVD涂层刀具性能

首先,以15vol%或25vol%的TiC0.5N0.5粉体为导电第二相,利用热压烧结法制备了TiC0.5N0.5/Si3N4复相陶瓷;然后,分别通过物理气相沉积(PVD)和化学气相沉积(CVD)技术在TiC0.5N0.5/Si3N4陶瓷刀具表面沉积了CrAlN和TiN/Al2O3/TiN涂层;最后,通过对TiC0.5N0.5/Si3N4刀具进行连续切削灰铸铁实验,研究了TiC0.5N0.5含量和涂层类型对刀具磨损特征的影响,并探讨了刀具的磨损机制。结果表明:TiC0.5N0.5含量的增加有利于提高TiC0.5N0.5/Si3N4复相陶瓷刀具基体的硬度和电导率,但对耐磨性和切削寿命的影响较小;采用PVD技术沉积CrAlN涂层时,随着TiC0.5N0.5含量的增加,涂层的厚度、结合强度和硬度都得到提高,涂层刀具的磨损性能显著提高,切削寿命也明显延长;而采用CVD技术沉积TiN/Al2O3/TiN涂层时,TiC0.5N0.5含量的变化对涂层的厚度、结合强度和硬度基本没有影响,TiN/Al2O3/TiN涂层刀具整体切削性能变化不大。CrAlN涂层和TiN/Al2O3/TiN涂层都可明显改善TiC0.5N0.5/Si3N4复相陶瓷刀具的耐磨性和切削寿命;相对于TiN/Al2O3/TiN涂层,CrAlN涂层具有更高的涂层硬度和粘着强度,但TiN/Al2O3/TiN涂层具有较大的涂层厚度,TiN/Al2O3/TiN涂层刀具表现出更加优异的耐磨性和切削寿命。TiC0.5N0.5/Si3N4复相陶瓷刀具的磨损机制以机械摩擦导致的磨粒磨损为主,伴随有少量的粘结磨损。     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金表面Al2O3-MoO2-SiO2微弧氧化复合陶瓷涂层的制备及其耐腐蚀性能

为了增强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金零件的耐腐蚀性能,通过在硅酸盐微弧氧化(MAO)电解液中增加钼酸根离子的方法,在合金表面制备了Al2O3-MoO2-SiO2复合陶瓷涂层.通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和电化学方法分析了钼酸钠的浓度对复合陶瓷涂层的形成、结构特征以及耐蚀性的影响.涂层的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示:经过15 min的MAO处理后,制备的Al2O3-MoO2-SiO2复合陶瓷涂层由约2μm厚的致密内层和约5μm厚的多孔外层组成,涂层表面出现了2种不同的形貌区域.X射线衍射结果表明:Al2O3-MoO2-SiO2复合陶瓷涂层主要由MoO2、γ-Al2O3和3Al2O3-2SiO2组成.电化学试验表明:当电解液中加入3 g/L钼酸盐时,涂层的孔隙率降低了4个数量级,涂层的腐蚀速率降低约100倍,表现出最好的耐腐蚀性能.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.