基于量子Logistic映射的图像加密算法研究

目的提出将量子Logistic混沌映射与三维Arnold混沌映射相结合的图像加密算法,以提高图像加密的复杂度。方法首先利用量子Logistic混沌映射生成置乱用的伪随机序列与明文进行整体置乱,再利用三维Arnold混沌映射生成一个整数序列,与置乱后的密文进行扩散运算。结果通过仿真实验,加密图像的相关性系数接近于0,密钥敏感性的NPCR和UACI的测试值分别约等于99.60和33.4,信息熵的测试结果约等于7.999,都非常接近于理论值。结论加密算法充分体现了量子混沌映射高复杂度的非线性力学特性。通过仿真实验测试可知,加密算法具有密钥空间大、敏感性强、安全性好的特点。     

基于新型多环多翼超混沌系统的图像加密算法

目的 为提高图像加密算法的安全性,提出一种新型多环多翼超混沌系统的图像加密算法.方法 对超Lorenz混沌系统进行分形变换,得到多环多翼超混沌系统,设计一种基于该混沌系统的查表运算扩散算法.算法采用典型的置乱-扩散模式,借助Logistic混沌系统对明文图像进行无重复索引置乱,将新型多环多翼超混沌系统产生的密钥序列结合明文信息,对一次扩散图像的每个像素值进行正逆向扩散,得到最终的加密图像.结果 置乱图像的平均不动点比为0.003％,密文直方图分布均匀,相邻像素相关性几乎为零,信息熵达到了7.999,且NPCR,UACI和BACI的值分别为99.61％,33.46％和26.7％,与同类加密算法相比,该算法加密效果更优.结论 算法具有较强的密钥敏感性,能有效抵抗剪切、噪声等攻击,所提出的图像加密算法具有较高的安全性.     

基于加权直方图位混淆与分阶混沌异扩散的快速图像加密算法

目的为了解决当前图像加密技术因在置乱和扩散过程忽略了明文像素特性,导致其抗明文攻击能力较弱,并且整个像素扩散均采用相同的加密机制来实现,存在安全性不理想问题,文中设计基于加权直方图位混淆和分阶混沌异扩散的快速图像加密算法。方法该算法充分利用整个明文的像素值,将其嵌入到整个置乱与扩散阶段,且在扩散过程中,利用不同的加密函数对不同的像素进行扩散。首先,联合Logistic与Tent映射,利用非线性组合思想构建新的低维混沌系统,并分析其混沌性能;考虑输入明文的像素值,建立像素加权直方图,借助外部密钥,生成复合混沌系统的初值,通过迭代输出随机序列;再将明文的每个像素在位水平上进行扩展,利用离散化的随机序列在位水平上实现明文混淆;随后,将分数阶理论嵌入Logistic映射中,构建分阶Logistic混沌映射,利用像素的加权直方图对其迭代,输出混沌数组;对混淆密文的像素进行分类,结合混沌数组,设计异扩散模型,对三类像素进行不同的加密。结果测试结果显示,与当前混沌加密算法相比,所提加密机制具有更强的抗明文攻击能力,其输出密文的像素分布更为均匀。结论所提加密技术兼顾了较高的安全性与效率,能够较好地保护图像在网络中安全传输。     

基于3D-CS混沌系统的双DNA编码图像加密算法

目的为解决加密算法中明文与混沌系统密钥关联小,且置乱扩散不能同步进行造成的安全性低的问题。在结合Chebyshev和Sine映射的基础上,新建三维Chebyshev-Sine混沌映射系统(3D-CS),提出一种基于3D-CS混沌系统的双DNA编码图像加密算法。方法设定二进制与四进制双重DNA编码,利用约瑟夫环变换对经过二进制DNA编码的图像RGB各层进行位置索引,同时完成置乱和扩散,然后将混沌系统产生的序列值经过处理后进行四进制DNA编码,最后将2种DNA序列进行加法运算后解码得到密文。结果仿真实验表明,索引序列和混沌序列通过了随机性检验,密文各层NPCR值分别为99.63%,99.61%,99.59%,UACI值分别为33.43%,33.44%,33.40%,信息熵分别为7.9992,7.9991,7.9993。结论所设计的混沌序列相较于其他混沌序列有一定优势,针对提出的问题有效提高了加密算法的安全性,密文能有效地抵御各种统计攻击与差分攻击。     

基于超混沌的三层量子图像加密算法研究

具有高效运算能力的量子计算机的提出使得基于经典计算机的图像加密算法安全性大大降低,如何将图像转移到量子计算机表示并进行加密传输是一个难点。针对这一问题,设计了基于NEQR模型的3层量子图像加密算法。首先,利用希尔伯特(Hilbert)矩阵实现量子块级置乱;然后,利用超Lorenz混沌系统生成的随机序列,打乱量子像素中的位顺序,实现位级置乱;最后,利用量子随机图像对原始量子图像进行CNOT操作并进行位本身CNOT操作,实现位级扩散,得到最后的加密图像。实验结果表明,加密图像的相关系数较低,加密算法的密钥空间大,加密图像的像素改变率、归一化平均变化强度和熵值接近理论值,具有良好的安全性和可行性。     

基于无序分割投影策略与重力模型的图像加密算法

目的解决当前图像算法因其像素置乱和扩散操作与明文无关,导致其抗明文攻击能力较弱,且其置乱过程存在周期性,使其安全性不佳等问题。方法提出基于无序分割投影策略与重力模型的图像加密算法。首先对输入明文进行无序分割,获取重叠子块,并构建每个子块的位置坐标计算模型,输出图像子块的位置;根据明文像素量计算Kent映射的初值,通过迭代Kent映射获取随机序列组;定义位置置乱机制,对重叠子块进行混淆;再引入分割投影策略,互换每个置乱子块中的像素位置,再对其重组,输出置乱密文;通过设计像素质量变化函数替换重力模型的固定质量,改进重力模型,对置乱密文完成像素加密。结果实验结果显示与当前图像加密技术相比,文中算法具有更高的安全性,输出密文中的相邻两像素间的关联度最低,具有更强的抗明文攻击与剪切攻击性能。结论所提加密算法能够较好地用于图像信息安全传输,具有较好的应用价值。     

基于复合混沌模型的高级加密标准图像加密算法

为提高图像加密算法的安全性能,提出了一种基于复合混沌系统的改进的高级加密标准加密算法。该算法将Logistic混沌序列与Chebyshev混沌序列相结合,产生2种新的混沌映射。一种复合混沌矩阵作为高级加密标准的轮密匙,进行像素置乱;另一种复合混沌矩阵组成S盒,进行位置置乱。另外,对图像像素点进行位移及列混合操作,进一步达到位置置乱的目的,实现动态变换密钥的高级加密标准图像的加密。实验结果表明,该算法具有较高的密钥敏感性、良好的置乱效果及高效性。     

基于改进广义Arnold映射的多混沌图像加密算法

目的针对Arnold映射图像置乱效果差以及无法抵御选择明文攻击等问题,提出一种改进广义Arnold映射的图像加密算法,以提高密文图像的安全性。方法该算法引入Kent映射产生控制参数,先对图像进行分块来削弱图像的相关性,对每块图像进行Arnold映射位置置乱,然后利用二维logistic映射生成混沌序列,经双曲正切变换处理后按照奇偶序列与置乱图像进行异或运算,得到最终密文图像。结果该算法得到密图信息熵为7.9899,像素改变率为99.61%,统一平均变化程度为30.73%。结论该算法简单易执行,能有效抵御各种统计攻击和明文攻击,具有密钥空间大、置乱效果好、鲁棒性较强等特点。     

混沌神经元耦合置乱神经元的图像加密算法研究

目的为了使当前加密系统具有更强的密钥敏感性以及更大的密钥空间,以提高抗各种攻击性能。方法提出一种新型的基于置乱神经元耦合混沌神经元的图像加密算法。加密系统的置乱和扩散由2个不同的3层神经构成,分别是置乱神经元层和混沌神经元层,混沌密钥生成模块则通过相应的权值和偏置来对这2层结构进行控制。在混沌神经元层扩散过程中,3个混沌系统用来生成权值矩阵和偏置矩阵,通过非线性标准化、按位异或操作来进行非线性组合,并通过Tent映射来进行激活,以获得扩散信息。在置乱神经元层置乱过程中,利用混沌密钥生成模块获取置乱矩阵,对扩散信息进行线性置乱处理,再通过二维Cat混沌映射对信息进行非线性置乱处理,并与当前加密算法进行对比。结果与当前加密算法相比,文中算法安全性更高,平均熵值为7.9991,且该加密算法的密钥空间大,为2160×1060,密钥敏感性强,错误与正确密钥之间的密文差异率为99.765%。结论设计的加密算法高度安全,可有效抗击各种攻击。     

基于混沌系统与多方向扩散的图像加密算法

目的为了避免只从单一方向来扩散图像像素,并提高加密密文的安全性,设计了混沌系统与多方向连续扩散的图像加密算法。方法综合Tent,sine映射,联合改进的Logistic映射,设计混合混沌机制,将Logistic模型的输出值作为触发器,获取一组随机性较强的混沌序列,对初始明文进行交叉置乱,高度混淆其像素位置,有效降低置乱周期性;构建量化机制对混沌序列进行处理,获取密钥流,从而设计多方向连续扩散机制,从4个不同的方向,利用不同的扩散模型来改变像素值,显著降低扩散周期性。结果实验结果显示,与当前混沌加密机制相比,所提算法具有更高的安全性与敏感性。结论所提加密算法能够确保图像在网络中安全传输,在包装信息防伪等领域具有较好的应用价值。     

单叶调和映射的系数泛函极值问题

利用连续线性泛函取得极值的必要条件，得到关于单叶调和映射的傅立叶系数的上确界，推广了Peter Duren的研究方法。     

The relationship between stimulus-response mappings and the detection of novel stimuli in a simulated luggage screening task

Automaticity research suggests that consistent mapping leads to better skill acquisition than varied mapping. Other research demonstrates that in some situations varied mapping leads to better transfer. The effect of stimulus-response mappings in complex visual inspection tasks, wherein transfer stimuli might differ from training stimuli, has seldom been studied. Therefore, the effects of consistency vs variability of practice on learning and transfer in a simulated luggage screening task were compared. Consistent mapping led to faster and more accurate initial skill acquisition. However, during transfer, varied mapping led to higher levels of sensitivities and confidence and fewer deviations from optimal response criteria. Consistent mapping assists initial skill acquisition; however, in tasks where the physical identity of transfer stimuli might differ from those used in training, varied mapping leads to more efficient transfer. The results provide an important starting point for training individuals to achieve optimal transfer of learning in complex tasks. This research demonstrates that a combination of variables influence transfer of learning in real-world visual inspection tasks wherein transfer conditions may not be identical to training conditions. Acquisition of skills during training is facilitated by consistent stimulus-response mappings; however, in order to ensure optimal transfer of skills to situations involving novel stimuli, training should incorporate varied mapping of stimulus-response elements.     

Applications of remote sensing techniques to geology

Remote sensing is a new emerging field of technological development and has made a very significant impact on the geological surveys and studies. The work done so far in geological remote sensing has indicated the scope, utility and limitations of these modern techniques in different geological problems. The utility of airborne surveys and aerial photography has now been well established whereas satellite remote sensing at present has two main constraints—resolution and lack of stereoscopy. With the developments in sensor technology to provide sensors with improved resolution, more spectral bands and stereoscopy, substantial new results are anticipated in the geological remote sensing from space. Brief overview of applications of remote sensing techniques to geology is discussed in this paper.     

Fine resolution mapping of population age-structures for health and development applications

The age-group composition of populations varies considerably across the world, and obtaining accurate, spatially detailed estimates of numbers of children under 5 years is important in designing vaccination strategies, educational planning or maternal healthcare delivery. Traditionally, such estimates are derived from population censuses, but these can often be unreliable, outdated and of coarse resolution for resource-poor settings. Focusing on Nigeria, we use nationally representative household surveys and their cluster locations to predict the proportion of the under-five population in 1 × 1 km using a Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal model. Results showed that land cover, travel time to major settlements, night-time lights and vegetation index were good predictors and that accounting for fine-scale variation, rather than assuming a uniform proportion of under 5 year olds can result in significant differences in health metrics. The largest gaps in estimated bednet and vaccination coverage were in Kano, Katsina and Jigawa. Geolocated household surveys are a valuable resource for providing detailed, contemporary and regularly updated population age-structure data in the absence of recent census data. By combining these with covariate layers, age-structure maps of unprecedented detail can be produced to guide the targeting of interventions in resource-poor settings.     

Convergence of Hybrid Space Mapping Algorithms

The space mapping technique is intended for optimization of engineering models which involve very expensive function evaluations. It may be considered a preprocessing method which often provides a very efficient initial phase of an optimization procedure. However, the ultimate rate of convergence may be poor, or the method may even fail to converge to a stationary point.We consider a convex combination of the space mapping technique with a classical optimization technique. The function to be optimized has the form H ○ f where H : R ^m → R is convex and f : R ⁿ → R ^m is smooth. Experience indicates that the combined method maintains the initial efficiency of the space mapping technique. We prove that the global convergence property of the classical technique is also maintained: The combined method provides convergence to the set of stationary points of H ○ f.     

动力系统的点映射—胞映射综合法

提出了动力系统全局分析的一种数值算法：点映射—胞映射综合法。本方法将点映射法的精确性和胞映射法的高效率有机地结合起来，准确地搜索出动力系统中的周期运动，并用计算机绘图方法判断其周期运动的稳定性，适用于全局性态复杂的情况。     

Lipschitz严格伪压缩映象的具误差的迭代逼近

设K是任意实Banach空间E的非空闭凸子集,T：K→K是Lipschitz严格伪压缩映象。本文给出一个新的具误差的Ishikawa迭代程序强收敛到T的唯一不动点,并给出一个涉及Lipschitz强增生映象T的非线性方程Tx=f的解的迭代逼近。本文结果通过去掉空间E的一致光滑或p-一致光滑的严格要求、K的有界性、lim^n→∞an=lim^n→∞βn=0和∑n=0^∞an^s＜∞(s＞1)的限制而得到。     

Design of Authoring Tool for Static and Dynamic Projection Mapping

This study introduces the design details of a tool to create interactive projection-mapping content in a convenient manner. For the proposed tool design, a homography-based camera–projector calibration method was applied with the use of red–green–blue-depth images from a Kinect V2 sensor that did not require accurate camera calibration prerequisites. In addition, the proposed tool simultaneously achieved static projection mapping that projected the image content onto a fixed object, and dynamic projection mapping that projected the image content onto a user’s body, by tracing the moving user. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed content-creation tool, users with no programming capabilities were employed to create contents that were projected onto various objects in fixed positions and a user’s body in various poses, thereby analyzing the tool’s completeness. Moreover, the projection accuracy was analyzed at different depth positions, and the projection-mapping accuracy was verified with the use of the proposed method.     

Developments of traditional value stream mapping to enhance personal and organisational system and methods competencies

This paper presents developments of traditional value stream mapping (VSM) related to enhancing system and method competencies of both individuals and organisations. Since systematic immersions in traditional VSM – a highly accepted technique for improving production systems – are necessary, this paper describes from a production research point of view approaches for systematic productivity increases, reduction of lead time and an approach to improve sustainability indicators of value streams. The introduced developments of VSM focus on the entire flow and on details, thus creating synergies for designing and improving value streams, processes and work systems both economically and ecologically. On the one hand, this paper shows how practical approaches respectively rationalisation concepts (Lean principles, VSM, Process Management, short-cyclic improvement routine, Methods-Time Measurement) are used in industry in order to manage and improve processes and value streams. On the other hand, sustainability management can be supported on shop floor with utilisation of VSM. It aims to extend the view on value streams of both researchers and practitioners in sense of system and methods competencies.