考虑车桥接触非线性因素的桥梁动力响应研究

以简构车辆和简支梁桥为研究对象,重点考虑车桥耦合作用时轮胎所致非线性情况。通过轮胎的有限元模拟、新型车桥耦合动力学模型的建立、"新型预测-校正积分"数值求解方法的引用等对不同跳车高度和车速工况下桥梁动力学响应问题进行探讨,并与车桥线性耦合接触作用情况作比较。数值分析表明:车桥接触非线性与线性两种情况下桥梁竖向动态位移存在显著差异。考虑车桥接触非线性会增大跳车冲击过程中桥梁跨中最大竖向位移值;车辆未发生跳车状态时,接触非线性与线性对桥梁竖向位移值影响差异不明显,而发生跳车状况时,接触非线性对桥梁竖向位移值影响与接触线性相比差异明显。     

在役大跨径曲弦桁梁桥车桥耦合振动分析EI北大核心CSCD

为研究在役曲弦桁梁桥的动力性能和车桥振动响应,基于考虑跳车脱空时段的车桥耦合振动分析方法,进行在役曲弦桁梁桥车桥耦合振动分析。以122 m跨径彩虹桥为计算示例,建立桥梁有限元模型,分析桥梁动力特性,并计算空间车队过桥动力响应,探讨车速、车辆数量、车队分布及路面不平度等因素对在役曲弦桁梁桥动力响应的影响。结果表明:桥面系竖向刚度相对较弱,桥面局部振动易被激发;桥面竖向振动及各动力响应随着汽车数量、布载车道数量增加而显著增大;桥梁下弦跨中位移冲击系数超过规范设计值,桥面振动程度较大;车辆中、后轮易发生跳车,路面等级越高,发生脱空次数越多,在路面等级良好状态下汽车也会出现跳车现象。     

考虑桥面随机不平顺的桥梁动态响应研究

基于随机振动理论研究了桥面不平顺影响下,车桥耦合振动作用时的中小桥梁动态响应曲线。通过建立车桥耦合振动方程,基于虚拟激励法对重力引起的确定性激励和桥面不平顺引起的随机激励求解,得到了桥梁跨中挠度和应力响应的均值和标准差。运用 法则定义随机激励的确定值值域,分析了桥梁跨中位移和应力响应在不同车速和桥面不平顺等级作用下的特性,并讨论了动态响应曲线与准静态影响线的差异。结果表明：桥梁跨中挠度和应力标准差受车速和桥面不平顺等级变化的影响很大;桥梁动态响应值域范围很大,具有较强的随机性;相比准静态影响线,动态响应曲线更能体现车桥之间激励的耦合随机作用。     

简支梁桥动态检测中跳车激励方法理论研究

基于车桥耦合振动特性,应用达朗伯(D' Alembert)原理和欧拉一柏努利梁(Euler-Bernoulli)假设,建立了跳车试验中动力时程响应的理论计算模型.由于跳车试验对桥梁结构施加的是冲击脉冲激励,利用极限原理和动量守恒理论,推导了确定求解理论计算模型所需初始条件的基本方程,利用龙格一库塔方法对理论计算模型进行求解.并基于动力时程响应,给出了极限跳车高度的判定方法.最后以某钢筋混凝土梁桥为例,确定了桥梁动态检测极限跳车高度,并计算了桥梁的动力响应.结果表明:所述方法是正确和有效的.     

桥头引道沉降对简支梁冲击效应的影响分析

摘 要：针对旧桥中经常出现的桥头引道及伸缩缝破损情况,考虑接缝处沉降差引起的桥头跳车对桥梁振动的影响,提出与错台高度相关的桥头衔接状况五个等级划分标准。以我国常见的中小跨径简支梁为对象,基于五参数车辆模型的车桥耦合系统运动方程,用Newmark法进行数值求解,分析桥头引道沉降差对桥梁振动的影响。研究表明随着沉降差增加,汽车对桥梁的冲击效应明显变大,且随着车速的增大,冲击效应变大。沉降差在桥梁中产生的动力放大系数随着跨径增大而减小。另外,桥头沉降差使车辆竖向加速度瞬时变大,其绝对值随着错台高度的增加而迅速增大,该加速度变化与桥梁跨径无关。     

车辆通过钢箱梁桥伸缩缝的振动响应及减振

车辆在经过桥梁伸缩缝时的跳车问题已成为影响桥梁健康的重要病害之一。以简支钢箱梁桥为对象,在车桥耦合振动计算理论的基础上,通过修改伸缩缝处的路面条件来模拟伸缩缝的影响,并通过小波变换研究车辆经过伸缩缝时的时频域振动特性,并针对此类振动的桥梁减振效果进行分析。计算表明：由于伸缩缝的存在,明显加大了车辆对结构的冲击效应,且作用的响应以高频为主;伸缩缝处的特性、车速与车重对车辆经过伸缩缝产生的冲击响应都有显著的影响;梁端填筑混凝土法能有效的降低此类振动产生的冲击效应。     

基于车桥耦合振动分析的大跨径曲弦桁梁桥加固方案评价研究EI北大核心CSCD

为评价在役曲弦桁梁桥加固方案,以122 m跨径彩虹桥为工程背景,采用考虑跳车脱空时段的车桥耦合振动分析方法,进行在役曲弦桁梁桥及其加固方案的车桥耦合振动分析,通过计算加固前后桥梁的频率与振型、位移及冲击系数、振动加速度峰值、舒适性等动力性能指标来评价桥梁加固效果,并探讨各评价指标的适用性。结果表明:桥梁加固方案的整体竖向和扭转刚度较原桥有明显提高,桥面竖向刚度显著提高;在汽车动力荷载作用下,桥梁加固方案的各动力响应、冲击系数和振动程度均有效降低,行人舒适性良好。容许加速度评价方法可以很好反映桥梁结构的振动程度,可用于桥梁加固方案动力性能评价;基于最大速度响应的振动感觉指标和基于加速度均方根的振级指标均能较好地评价桥梁舒适性评价;仅以冲击系数作为桥梁加固方案动力性能评价指标不合适。     

列车交会运行时简支箱梁与U梁振动特性分析

为探明列车交会运行时城市轨道交通简支箱梁与U梁的结构振动特性，为桥梁振动控制、结构选型提供理论依据，基于有限元和多体动力学方法，建立城市轨道交通三维车桥耦合模型，对比分析不同列车运行工况下简支箱梁和U梁的振动传递规律。研究结果表明:移动荷载作用下，桥梁结构振动响应以竖向为主，且随着速度增大而增大；列车单向运行与双向等速交会运行时箱梁结构局部振动频率基本相同，但单向运行时桥梁加速度响应幅值约为等速交会运行时的1/2，而等速交会时U型梁加速度响应幅值在部分频段内有一定衰减；进行箱梁振动控制时应重点关注腹板和翼板位置的竖向振动,而进行U梁振动控制时应重点关注底板处的竖向振动和翼板处的横向振动，列车交会频繁地段可增强箱梁底板和U梁中主梁底板处竖向振动控制；在对轨道交通中的高架桥梁选型时，宜根据现场实际工况进行结构稳定性和结构噪声影响等分析。     

桥面跳车冲击过程下车-桥系统动力响应分析

为研究桥面跳车冲击作用下车-桥系统动力响应特征,以21自由度的4轴整车模型为研究对象,基于预设的障碍物几何模型,建立跳车过程下的车-桥耦合分析系统,并借助实际车辆跳车工况对所建立分析系统的适用性进行验证。结合有限元动力学分析方法,对跳车冲击过程中的车-桥系统力学性能进行分析。分析结果表明：所建立分析系统加速度分析结果与跳车试验测试结果吻合良好,所建立的跳车过程车-桥耦合分析系统具有良好的适用性;车辆驶过障碍物的过程中,车桥作用力最大波动值约为正常行驶的2.0倍,变化剧烈;跳车引起的驾驶不舒适体验与车速并非正相关,行车速度约为30 km?h-1跳车时的驾驶体验最差;各测点的动力响应在跳车时刻波动明显。     

跨座式轻轨车与连续轨道梁空间振动分析

摘 要：提出了一种跨座式轻轨车与连续轨道梁空间耦合振动时域分析方法。桥梁采用常规有限单元模拟,跨座式轻轨车采用弹簧阻尼相连的多刚体模拟,可方便考虑走行轮、导向轮、稳定轮下轨道不平顺的影响,直接建立轻轨车－桥梁时变系统的空间振动方程,采用直接积分法同时求解轻轨车、桥梁的空间动力响应,并编制了相应的计算分析程序。以一联3×30 m的双线连续轨道梁为例,计算了轻轨车以不同车速通过双线轨道梁时全过程车桥动力响应。探讨了不同车速、单线行车、双线对开等不同工况对车桥动力响应的影响。计算结果表明：在设计行车速度下,轻轨车可安全舒适通过该连续轨道梁;桥梁具有良好的整体刚度。该方法可运用于跨座式轻轨车与其它大跨度桥梁的空间振动分析。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Numerical study of methods of linearization of the output characteristics of radio-frequency sensors of the level of dielectric media

Different constructions of the sensing elements of radio-frequency level sensors based on sections of long lines are numerically investigated by means of the Matlab program for the purpose of minimizing the measurement error caused by the nonlinearity of the output characteristic. It is shown that the nonlinearity is lowest for U-shaped designs. The nonlinearity factor KN may be regulated by varying the capacitance of a correcting capacitor connected to the input of the sensing element and (or) the length of one of the sections of the long line. In selecting an optimal capacitance of the correcting capacitor KN ≤ 0.15% for control media with dielectric permittivity in the range 2.2–30.     

Possibilities of Decreasing the Errors of Determination of the Height of the Pole of a Sessile Drop of Melt

We analyze the possibilities of decreasing the errors of measuring the height of the pole of a sessile drop of melt above its equator by determining the position of the equator according to the midpoints of vertical chords of the image of the drop. The optimal distance between these chords and the edge of the image of the drop is chosen within 10–20% of the radius of the equator. The proposed method guarantees the same level of errors of evaluation of the height of the pole and the radius of the equator, which enables one to substantially increase the accuracy of evaluation of the capillary constant and the surface energy of the melt according to the geometric parameters of the sessile drop.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.