调频信号的数字化解调

介绍一种用3参数正弦波拟合算法实现的、绝对收敛的4参数最小二乘正弦波拟合算法，给出了其收敛区间、绝对收敛判据以及实现过程，在此基础上讨论实现正弦载波的调频信号的精确解调问题，使用一个周期的正弦波曲线模型的滑动拟合法，实现了频率调制信号波形的精确解调，在调制信号是方波的情况下，给出了频率解调的仿真结果和其它参数的波动情况；在1个实测调频曲线波形上进行的解调分析，给出了频率调制波形的解调结果，同时，在调制信号也是正弦波的情况下，给出了解调失真的计算方法和结果。本方法是评价载波为正弦波的调频信号的一种优良方法，准确度高、分辨力强，可用于调频信号源及其解调设备的指标评价和计量测试。     

调相信号的数字化解调

通过单周期正弦波曲线模型的滑动拟合法,获得正弦序列的瞬时频率信息,使用对瞬时频率的积分运算,实现了正弦载波相位调制信号波形的精确解调.在调制信号是方波的情况下,给出了相位解调的仿真结果和其它参数的波动情况;在1个实测调相曲线波形上进行的解调分析,给出了相位调制波形的解调结果;在调制信号也是正弦波的情况下,给出了解调失真的计算方法和结果.本方法用于评价载波为正弦波的调相信号时,具有准确度高、分辨力高的特点,可用于调相信号源及其解调设备的指标评价和计量测试.     

调制度测量仪的一种精确评价方法

介绍一种用正弦载波的调幅、调频和调相信号的数字化精确解调方法,实现调制度测量仪的校准评价方案。通过信号发生器产生所需要的信号,用数字存储示波器进行波形测量,借助于数字化解调方法确定调制信号的各项参数,以它们为标准,校准评价调制度测量仪的测量性能和指标,通过数字存储示波器完成调制度测量仪的溯源。本方法的准确度高、分辨力高,可用于调制度测量仪的指标评价和计量。     

残周期正弦波形的四参数拟合

对一种用三参数正弦波拟合算法实现的四参数最小二乘正弦波拟合算法进行了实验研究,主要针对在极低频率正弦信号测量控制过程中问题比较突出的,以不足一个信号周期的部分信号波形估计其四个参数(幅度、频率、相位、直流分量)的工程问题.提出了一种以局部周期正弦波形实现的四参数拟合方法,其优点是无需先验初值估计.仿真及实验均证明了该方法的有效性和可行性,从而为波形参数测量与控制提供了一种实现方式.     

四参数正弦波曲线拟合的快速算法

介绍了一种基于信号频率估计方法,利用三参数正弦波拟合算法实现的四参数最小二乘正弦波拟合算法,特点是:1)绝对收敛;2)不需要对参数进行预估计;3)算法简洁;4)不需要迭代过程;5)运算速度高.仿真实验验证了方法的有效性、正确性和局限性.     

残周期正弦波形参数拟合及其应用

介绍了残周期正弦波拟合问题的难点及解决思想:以无需初始值预估计的模型拟合方式,化解残周期波形时信息不够全面的问题,从而一举解决了残周期条件下的正弦波形最小二乘拟合问题。针对残周期条件下的正弦拟合的特殊性,介绍了正弦波局域失真的思想及概念,以及适应于局域波形的噪声信号比的概念,并给出了噪声信号比对于正弦参数拟合误差的影响规律。针对残周期正弦波拟合的应用,给出了几个典型的应用事例,包括超低频正弦参数的快速估计、AM和FM信号波形的数字化解调、冲击波形峰值的精确估计、其它正弦波拟合算法的初始值估计等。证明了方法的有效性、可行性和工程实用价值。     

非均匀采样条件下残周期正弦波形的最小二乘拟合算法

对一种用三参数正弦波拟合算法实现的四参数最小二乘正弦波拟合算法进行了实验研究。主要针对在极低频率正弦信号测量控制过程中问题比较突出的,以不足一个信号周期且非均匀采样的部分信号波形估计其4个参数的工程问题。提出了一种以局部周期正弦波形实现的四参数拟合方法,其优点是无需先验初值估计。仿真及实验均证明了该方法的有效性和可行性,从而为波形参数测量与控制提供了一种实现方式。     

捷变正弦信号源波形建立时间的精确测量

针对正弦信号源捷变状态切换后的建立时间、开机后波形建立时间以及过载恢复时间等的精确测量问题,提出了一种基于局域波形四参数拟合的测量分析方法,然后将拟合模型参数拓展到全局,进而获得拟合回归波形与过渡过程波形的回归残差波形。该波形的收敛过程反映了正弦波建立过程中的残差收敛变化过程。以它为目标对象,加上主观设定的建立时间的条件判据,可以获得正弦建立时间的起始和终止两个时刻点,最终获得完整的正弦信号建立时间。在两组不同条件下的状态切换实验结果,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。该方法也可以推广应用到脉冲调频、脉冲调幅、脉冲调相、捷变频信号的建立时间测量评价中。     

一种自适应EPF算法及其在光纤水听器中的应用

基于椭圆拟合的相位生成载波(Phase Generated Carrier,PGC)解调方法是消除非线性因素对光纤水听器PGC解调结果影响的一种有效手段,椭圆曲线参数的最优估计问题是实现该方法的关键。扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波(Extended Kalman Particle Filter,EPF)是解决此类非线性估计问题的一种常用的最优估计算法。但传统的EPF算法在用于常参数过程方程的参数或状态估计问题时,过程噪声的方差通常设置为一个常量,这使得算法难以兼顾收敛速度和估计精度,一定程度上限制了算法的整体性能。为了解决这个问题,文章对现有的EPF进行了改进,提出了一种自适应扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波(Adaptive Extended Kalman Particle Filter,AEPF)算法。模拟仿真和实验结果表明,文中所提出的AEPF算法能根据基于椭圆拟合的PGC解调方法有效地解调出待测声信号,相比EKF算法和EPF算法,AEPF算法的收敛速度和估计精度都得到了提升。此外,文章所提出的AEPF算法也适用于其他具有常参数过程方程的参数或状态估计问题,具有一定的通用性。     

基于锁相环的解调技术研究

介绍了调相信号的锁相解调技术基本原理以及利用集成锁相环NE564实现对信号的锁相解调。为了解调出不失真的波形,利用集成锁相环NE564和LM725CN芯片设计PM调制解调系统,可以直接实现信号的调制解调功能,利用相位能稳定跟踪的特点避免了频率失锁的缺陷,提高了测量精度。该系统具有操作简单、稳定性强的优点,并在激光外差干涉信号的解调中具有较强的实用性。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.