锌铬涂层在军用产品上的应用

介绍了锌铬涂层的特点及其发展现状，通过盐雾试验、耐湿性试验、机械性能拉伸试验等多项工艺试验，对锌铬涂层进行了客观的评价，论述了锌铬涂层部分替代镀锌、镀镉而应用于军用产品的可行性。     

镀锌层无铬钝化工艺研究

开发了一种无铬无毒的环保型镀锌层钝化工艺，通过试验研究了钝化液成分和工艺条件对钝化膜的影响情况。钢铁件在锌酸盐或酸性镀锌15μm后，采用此工艺钝化，得到的钝化膜抗白锈试验24h，中性盐雾试验72h达到5级（符合国家标准），钝化液排放达到环保要求。     

无铬锌铝涂层的研究进展

达克罗(Dacromet)涂层因其良好的耐蚀性、耐热性、无氢脆等性能被广泛应用于汽车、铁路、建筑、桥梁等领域.但传统的Dacromet涂层中常含有致癌的Cr6+,且涂层具有相对硬度低、抗划伤性差以及不耐磨等问题.为了适应日益严格的环保政策并满足防护中对Dacromet涂层提出更高性能的应用要求,发展一种绿色且高性能的无铬锌铝涂层成为一项急迫而重要的技术工作.为此,本文基于Dacromet涂层的材料学基础,从传统Dacromet涂层向无铬锌铝涂层的转变以及国内外无铬锌铝涂层的研究现状和应用进行了述评,旨在推动这一表面涂层技术的创新发展,为研制可靠高效、绿色环保的新型锌铝涂层指明方向.     

金属阳极涂层在化工大气环境中的腐蚀行为

为了解化工大气环境对碳钢表面金属阳极涂层的腐蚀性,开展了热喷涂锌、铝、锌铝合金涂层以及热镀锌、渗锌钢在化工大气环境中的曝露腐蚀试验。通过试样的腐蚀形貌、腐蚀速率变化及电化学测试,考察了金属阳极涂层在石油炼化大气环境中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:化工大气环境腐蚀等级为C4级;喷铝层的腐蚀速率最低;渗锌层的耐蚀性优于热镀锌层。10μm厚热镀锌板耐腐蚀寿命约为4 a,40μm厚热镀锌和渗锌层寿命大于10 a,150μm的喷涂层耐蚀寿命大于30 a。     

低红外发射率耐高温涂层的制备及机理

以漂浮态铝粉为填料,有机硅树脂作为粘合剂,制备了耐高温低红外发射率涂层。对填料的添加量、涂层的固化温度进行了优化研究,对填料及涂层进行了结构、形貌的表征,并测试了涂层的红外发射率与耐热性能。研究结果表明,填料添加量为30%、400℃固化2h,涂层红外发射率(3～5μm,8～14μm)最低可达0.10～0.12,且涂层可在600℃条件下长时间使用。此外,分析认为涂层发射率的降低是消除粘合剂吸收及致密的片层连续结构两者协同作用的结果,并提出新的涂层结构模型对低发射率机理进行了阐述。     

钨酸盐对无铬锌铝涂层性能的影响

为实现锌铝涂层的无铬化,利用具有缓蚀作用的钨酸盐替代部分钼酸盐在Q235A碳钢板上制备无铬锌铝涂层。通过超景深三维体式显微镜、划格法、铅笔硬度法、中性盐雾试验及电化学工作站研究了钨酸盐用量对自制无铬锌铝涂层的形貌、硬度、附着力及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:当钨酸盐含量过低时,由于钝化膜不完整,形成"活化-钝化"电池使涂层的腐蚀速率加快,耐蚀性下降;当钨酸盐含量超过2.0%时,涂层硬度降低;当钨酸盐含量为2.0%时,涂层的综合性能最佳。     

超音速火焰喷涂硅酸盐玻璃涂层工艺研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备了硅酸盐玻璃涂层,通过扫描电镜、能谱、衍射和强度试验研究了涂层的组织特征、机械性能等.研究表明,制备玻璃涂层的最佳工艺为:粉末颗粒尺寸为25～50μm,氧气流量34～36m3/h,煤油流量13～14L/h,喷涂距离25cm;涂层组织较致密,玻璃涂层厚度可达到0.5mm以上;涂层基本呈非晶态,热喷涂后玻璃涂层冷却速度对涂层的析晶行为有一定影响;涂层与基体之间的结合形式为机械结合,涂层的内聚强度约为8MPa,其拉伸断裂形式为宏观脆性断裂,涂层具有一定硬度和抗冲击性能.     

锌基烧结涂层基本工艺条件的探索

探索了球状锌粉锌基烧结涂层的基本工艺条件。观察并研究了所得涂层的形貌、涂导必锌粉规格对涂层性能的影响，比较了涂层与镀锌白钝层的耐蚀性能。实验结果表明，随着小粒径锌粉的增多，涂层减薄，铬含量提高，耐蚀性增强。     

改性环氧树脂无铬达克罗涂层的制备及性能

含铬达克罗涂层性能优良,但有毒性。为此,以聚氨酯改性环氧树脂代替铬酐制备无铬达克罗涂液,并在Q235钢表面涂覆成膜,将其与传统电镀锌层的综合性能进行了对比,考察了无铬达克罗涂层的耐蚀性,并对其耐蚀机理进行了简单探讨。结果表明:无铬达克罗涂层的耐热性、耐蚀性优于传统电镀锌层;制备的无铬达克罗涂层主要元素为Zn,Al,O,C,腐蚀时Zn比Al先腐蚀;当腐蚀介质侵入时,无铬达克罗涂层中锌铝粉发生钝化产生锌的氧化物及铝的氧化物,其防腐蚀机理主要是屏蔽作用、电化学作用及钝化作用。     

锌铬膜常用检测技术12项

达克罗又被称为锌铬涂层或锌铬膜[1],其具有极佳的耐蚀性、优良的涂装性能、稳定的耐候性及耐化学品性能.为了保证锌铬涂层的质量,必须不断地进行检测.常用的检测项目有以下12种.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.