一种包装箱应用的多频段RFID标签

针对在全球供应链应用中,"RFID包装箱"必须适应各国RFID频谱规范的问题,设计并制作了一种多频段RFID标签.RFID标签采用纸质材料作为标签基材,天线结构为耦合馈电结构.仿真和测量结果表明,此RFID标签能同时适用于欧盟RFID频谱(866～868MHz)和美洲RFID频谱(902～928MHz),适合"RFID包装箱"应用.     

2.45GHz RFID圆极化微带天线的设计

设计一款使用于2.45GHz RFID读卡器的圆极化微带天线。天线使用背靠背的结构,以及使用一个3dB正交电桥和探针对天线进行馈电,使整个天线占用的面积减少了一半。天线的线极化带宽为100MHz,圆极化带宽为34MHz,输入驻波比小于1.5,增益大于3dBi。     

基于无源RFID标签天线的印刷质量评价模型研究

为评价无源RFID标签天线的印刷质量,对无源RFID标签天线的质量性能进行了理论分析。针对成品后的天线性能与仿真后的天线性能间存在的差异,在丝网印刷的条件下,以RFID标签天线间的间隙偏差、天线厚度偏差和最大阅读距离偏差为自变量,建立了评价无源RFID标签天线印刷质量的数学线性回归模型,为RFID标签天线在生产过程中的优化提供了一定指导。     

RFID标签天线的制造方案

RFID技术是一种非接触式的自动识别技术,它是通过阅读器发射射频信号,RFID系统的射频信号将通过空间耦合来实现自动识别目标对象并获取相关数据,同时也可以将新的数据信息写入RFID标签的标志设备的技术,[1]是以电子识别手段赋予商品一种智能化内涵的新技术。随着RFID标签的广泛使用,对RFID标签天线的制造方案提出了更高的要求。目前,RFID标签天线的制造工艺主要有四种工艺。本文主要介绍四种RFID标签天线的四种制造工艺方案,并对每种制造工艺方案进行了分析,为RFID标签天线的制造方案提供了理论依据。     

RFID标签天线的研究及热点分析

本文从介绍RFID系统的基本原理开始,分析了RFID标签天线对于整个RFID系统的重要性。结合13.56MHz的标签天线的使用现状,着重分析了磁场耦合式天线的影响参数、结构和原理。最后探讨并分析了近期标签天线的设计热点。     

一种基于PBG结构的切角微带天线

采用基片钻孔法在微带天线中加入PBG结构,设计一种工作频率为2.4Hz的PBG结构的切角微带天线。通过仿真软件建立天线模型并对其仿真,最后与采用传统结构的微带天线进行对比,证明光子晶体结构的新型天线在拓展天线带宽以及降低输入回波损耗等方面具有较大的优势,同时也指出此PBG结构微带天线的不足以及今后的改进方向。     

一种利用S参数测量平衡RFID标签天线阻抗的优化方法

针对测量平衡RFID标签天线阻抗的准确性问题,提出了一种利用s参数测量的优化方法。该方法将平衡RFID标签天线等效为双端口网络,通过联合使用端口短路、开路延伸方法测量S参数,根据拐点选取最邻近数据并进行区间的数据拟合,从而计算出天线阻抗。首先 h1 进行了测量理论分析．然后设计了实物测量场景（915MHz频段的RFID天线）,并将该优化方法与传统的Bahm方法、无延伸单端口方法、延伸单端口方法进行了对比。结果表明,在工作频段内,该优化方法所测的标签天线的阻抗实部,虚部与仿真结果基本一致,比传统的Balun2及单端口等测摄方法准确;在工作频段外,所测阻抗实部仍然与仿真结果接近,尽管阻抗虚部与仿真结果存在一定的偏差。     

PCB集成化RFID标签天线的优化设计

针对PCB集成化RFID标签天线设计中天线结构与标签性能之间的复杂关系,提出一种基于正交设计的标签天线优化设计。通过对PCB集成化RFID标签的回波损耗的仿真试验,经过方差分析得到标签天线各类结构变化对于试验指标影响的显著性,指导设计者找到设计指标主导因素并可获得最佳因素水平。试验结果表明该优化设计方法能够在帮助设计者提供设计方向的同时有效减小设计者的工作量,实用高效。     

导电油墨厚度对RFID标签天线辐射效率的影响

为提高RFID电子标签天线的辐射效率,从理论上分析了影响标签天线辐射效率的一系列因素,以偶极子和叠缝隙2种天线为研究对象,研究了导电油墨厚度对RFID标签天线的辐射效率的影响。结果表明:决定天线的辐射效率的是印刷标签天线所用的总油墨量,而不是整个天线结构中不同区域内油墨的分布情况。为实际RFID电子标签生产中导电油墨的控制和改进,提供一些指导。     

嵌入式RFID系统识别率关键因子的分析

为提高RFID系统识别率,优化设计RFID系统,需要确定影响RFID系统识别率的关键因子.基于关键过程输入变量、关键过程输出变量的模型,提出了一种分析影响RFID系统识别率关键因子的试验设计方法,并确定了关键因子为标签与读写器平面夹角、读写器天线数量、标签与读写器距离.通过测试,分别在标签嵌入汽车轮胎未硫化和硫化两种情况下,进一步确定影响嵌入式RFID系统识别率的各关键因子.最后,应用MINITAB统计软件,采用二项logistic的回归分析方法,分析了各关键因子对识别率的贡献情况.统计分析结果有利于优化设计RFID系统,提高RFID系统识别率.     

Readability and Modulated Signal Strength of Two Different Ultra‐high Frequency Radio Frequency Identification Tags on Different Packaging

Radio frequency identification (RFID) does not require the line‐of‐sight scanning, which is a benefit in comparison with barcodes; moreover, it is believed that it improves the inventory management. Nowadays, this is still a costly solution; however, in the near future, it is expected to become widespread especially in packaging. This paper analyses some effects that have to be considered before the application of the system on packaging. The readability of two ultra‐high frequency RFID tags with different antenna sizes and shapes but the same reading range as stated by the supplier was evaluated. The influence of water and metal was analysed by labelling each tag onto an empty corrugated box, a box filled with water and a box covered with aluminium foil on the inside. The read rate in a line‐of‐sight and the readability in a horizontal plane were measured, applying a horizontal linearly polarized wave. The strength of the signal in a direct line‐of‐sight between the reader antenna, and RFID tag was measured with circularly polarized waves. The obtained results confirmed the effects of the tagged antenna and of the labelled boxes content. To show the effect clearly, the influence of metal and water on the two‐dimensional horizontal tag readability was measured and presented with two‐dimensional sketches of tag reading/non‐reading zones. Different results were obtained for both tags, with the content of labelled boxes having a great influence. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis and characterization of transponder antennae for radio frequency identification (RFID) systems

An investigation into the use of various radio frequency identification (RFID) antenna designs was performed. Passive RFID tag antennae with a resonant frequency range of 902–928 MHz were tested for robustness and efficiency in the Packaging Science RFID Laboratory at the University of Florida. Commercially available single‐ and dual‐dipole tags were examined for read performance. Electromagnetic modelling software was used to model the impedance matching and detuning effects of nearby conducting surfaces. s‐Parameters, current densities and polar plots of various dipole designs were estimated. Strategies used to shorten antenna length, such as capacitive loading, were evaluated. A simple half‐wave dipole antenna was modelled in order to determine the effect of length on resonant frequency and performance. Parameter sweeps showed that a length of 14.4 cm was required for resonance at 915 MHz and 50 Ω termination. Capacitive loads shortened the dipole to 8.4 cm while adding 4.2 cm to height. It was verified that a conducting surface, such as metal packaging, had strong detuning effects on RFID tag antennae. Different methods, such as tuning stubs, alleviated the detuning effects by allowing bandwidths twice as large as with a simple dipole. Finally, the rationale for commercially available RFID antenna designs was discussed. It was found that analysis of actual antenna tag structures in the laboratory and exploring different methods to improve efficiency can lead to improvements in RFID performance. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Graphene-Based RFID Tag Antenna for Vehicular Smart Border Passings

Globalization has opened practically every country in the globe to tourism and commerce today. In every region, the volume of vehicles traveling through border crossings has increased significantly. Smartcards and radio frequency identification (RFID) have been proposed as a new method of identifying and authenticating passengers, products, and vehicles. However, the usage of smartcards and RFID tag cards for vehicular border crossings continues to suffer security and flexibility challenges. Providing a vehicle's driver a smartcard or RFID tag card may result in theft, loss, counterfeit, imitation, or vehicle transmutation. RFID sticker tags would replace RFID tags as vehicle border passes to solve the mentioned problem. The RFID sticker tag adheres to the windscreen, side screen, dash, hood, or door of the vehicle, or any other acceptable location. Any damage or stripping from the installed location may cause data corruption and cannot be reused. Overall, these sticker tags will make the border crossings more secure and efficient. This article focuses on designing a rectangular-shaped RFID sticker tag antenna made of graphene sheets as a possible solution for smart border crossings. The proposed antenna is mathematically designed and analyzed with CST software to determine the optimum parameters. The design parameters are then used to create an antenna on a prepared graphene sheet. The performance results are carried out with CST software and a network analyzer. The designed RFID antenna stick on a car windscreen offers approximately 900 MHz bandwidth over the frequency range from 1.8 GHz to 2.7 GHz with an average gain of 1.23 dBi at the frequency to be used of 2.4 GHz microwave RFID band. The radiation is an omnidirectional pattern. The proposed graphene-sheet rectangular-shape monopole antenna is compact, low-cost, and bendable to fit into the windscreen of a car while retaining excellent wave propagation capabilities. These findings illustrate the suggested antenna's potential as an RFID tag antenna in a vehicular smart border pass system.     

Design of high-Q UHF radio-frequency identification tag antennas for an increased read range

In order to increase the radio-frequency identification (RFID) operation distance, read range analysis was performed based on a simple equivalent circuit of the ultra high frequency (UHF)-band passive RFID tag. The analysis shows that a tag with a large Q-factor leads to an increased input voltage in the tag chip and thus enhances the efficiency. Based on this analysis, a compact (37.5 mm 44 mm) RFID antenna employing inductive coupling between the radiation and feeding portions was designed. Simple adjustments of the two structural parameters of the antenna allowed for easy control of the antenna resistance and inductive reactance, from which a high Q-factor requirement could be readily satisfied. For a conjugate match to the tag chip impedance of 11-j127 Omega, a Q-factor of 11.5 was achieved. The designed RFID tag has a 3 dB radar cross-section (RCS) bandwidth of 6.5 , which is wide enough to handle the impedance detuning caused by the material properties of the attached objects. The designed RFID tag antenna was fabricated and a reading range test in an anechoic chamber was performed using two methods. When a measured RCS of the RFID tag was used, the detection distance was 9.8 m for a reader sensitivity of 65 dBm and 4.7 m for a tag sensitivity of 11 dBm. Using a commercially available tag chip, the range test resulted in 4.3 m, which is compatible with the derived range equations. The tag antennas having lower Q-factors (77+j100 Omega and 55+j155 Omega) have also been fabricated, and their measured read ranges were 2.6 and 1.1+m, respectively.     

金属介质对超高频RFID被动标签读取效能的 影响及可用于金属表面标签的设计

 金属介质对射频信号的干扰一直以来影响着射频识别技术（RFID）的有效应用。为了研究导致干扰发生的机理以及解决办法，以超高频段RFID系统为对象，依据电磁场相关理论，进行了一系列实验。通过对实验所得数据的分析，验证了金属介质对RFID被动标签读取率的影响，并进一步发现标签和金属介质表面间隔距离与读取率之间的变化关系。另外，发现了附加金属层产生的同相位电场对标签读取性能的放大作用。最后，根据实验研究结果，提出一种可用于金属表面的RFID被动标签的设计方案，该设计方案不但可以有效消除金属干扰的负面影响，还可在原有读取性能的基础上进一步提高读取率，同时兼顾使用方便性和制造成本两方面。     

RFID天线的丝印工艺研究

为分析优化RFID天线的丝网印刷过程并提高其印刷质量,对丝网印刷工艺对天线印刷精度的各种影响因素进行了分析,包括网目数、印版特性、刮刀角度等各项参数。通过优化丝印工艺参数,印刷了RFID天线并测量了作为主要参数之一的阻抗,结果表明其阻抗波动较小,丝印工艺可满足天线印刷的质量要求。     

Analysis on the platform-tolerant radio-frequency identification tag antenna

A new passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna for the ultrahigh frequancy band is proposed. It consists of a modified inductive feed and a radiating slotted copper trace (SCT). A ground plane is used in the design to make the tag antenna platform-tolerant. The radiating SCT is investigated first, and its return loss, antenna efficiency and radiation pattern characteristics are studied. The read range, differential radar cross section, input impedance and current distribution of the RFID tag that employs the SCT antenna are simulated, and reasonably a good agreement between the simulated and measured results is obtained.     

RFID技术及其在智能包装中的应用

目的介绍国内外RFID技术的基本原理以及在智能包装中的应用,为RFID技术的后续发展与应用提供参考。方法详细介绍RFID技术与智能包装的结合,在商品仓储管理、零售管理、医疗管理以及身份识别等场景的应用现状。结果 RFID技术作为一种新型通信技术,有着巨大的市场应用前景,通过与传统条形码的对比,RFID技术通过信息感应就能实现数据统计,不再需要逐个扫描,大大节省了人力和物力,但由于RFID设备造价昂贵,导致RFID电子标签成本偏高,严重限制了其在智能包装领域的发展应用。结论结合了RFID技术的新型智能包装可通过信息感应实现数据的快速准确统计,不需要人工逐个扫描商品包装,节省了劳动力成本,安全高效。