基于COMSOL的空腔声学覆盖层的斜入射吸声性能分析

基于平面波斜入射理论,利用有限元软件COMSOL建立了双层平板空腔声学覆盖层单元的斜入射仿真模型,并研究了斜入射条件下覆盖层结构和材料参数对其吸声性能的影响。通过与理论解的对比,验证了该仿真模型的准确性;讨论了入射角度,空腔结构,穿孔率和覆盖层厚度等参数变化对于覆盖层吸声性能的影响。结果表明:当入射角度变化时,吸声系数的峰值谷值间的频率间隔会随着入射角度的增加而增大,而且峰值和谷值也会随着入射角度的增加而增大;当穿孔率较大或者覆盖层厚度较厚时,吸声系数的峰值和谷值频率值会向低频移动,且数值也会更大。     

混合型空腔结构覆盖层吸声性能研究及其优化设计

基于有限元法研究了以空气为背衬的混合型空腔结构覆盖层的吸声特性。建立了具有混合型空腔结构的覆盖层有限元模型,对其进行吸声特性数值仿真分析。结果表明,该空腔结构的吸声特性明显优于相同穿孔率的单腔结构。通过优化设计,进一步提升了混合型空腔结构覆盖层在全频段的吸声性能,并得到了若干覆盖层结构参数影响其吸声性能的规律。     

椭圆柱空腔吸声覆盖层的声学特性

采用波导有限元方法（WFEM）分析了共振腔型吸声覆盖层内轴向波的传播和损耗特性,以椭圆柱空腔吸声层为例,在保持穿孔系数不变的前提下,分别从轴向波传播和波型转换的角度分析了空腔形状改变吸声覆盖层声学特性的机理。在此基础上,结合波导有限元方法和传递矩阵（TM）建立了变截面空腔吸声覆盖层的分析模型,以圆台空腔吸声层为例,与二维解析方法对比验证了WFEM-TM方法的正确性,并讨论了椭圆台空腔吸声层的声学特性。     

局域共振型空腔覆盖层的低频吸声机理及调控规律研究

声学覆盖层的低频吸声特性对潜艇声隐身性能具有重要影响.综合考虑空腔型覆盖层结构和局域共振型薄膜材料的低频吸声性能,建立局域共振型空腔覆盖层的有限元模型,研究复合结构在10 Hz～2000 Hz频段内的吸声特性,并采用局域共振理论和模态分析揭示复合结构的吸声机理,进一步得到复合结构低频吸声性能的调控规律.研究结果表明:(...     

基于遗传算法的圆柱空腔吸声覆盖层参数优化研究

基于圆柱空腔吸声覆盖层二维理论推导吸声覆盖层单元-粘弹性圆柱管等效阻抗,结合传递矩阵法建立吸声覆盖层声学性能分析简化模型。采用遗传算法对圆柱-圆台空腔吸声覆盖层多个材料、结构参数进行综合优化研究。结果表明,较仅优化吸声覆盖层材料属性,对材料属性、结构多参数优化能获得更好宽频吸声性能。     

复合微穿孔板吸声结构声学性能预测

本文旨在将微穿孔板吸音结构与多孔材料复合，得到中低频吸音性能较好的复合层声学结构。以微穿孔板多边形穿孔截面、穿孔率、空腔厚度和多孔材料类型为变量，设计复合层声学结构，给出复合层声学结构吸声系数的理论计算方法和声学有限元仿真预测模型。利用3D打印技术制备精度较高的微穿孔板实验样本，利用阻抗管法对复合层声学结构的吸声系数进行实验室测量。对比预测结果和实验数据，发现两者具备很好的一致性。研究表明：复合层声学结构具有很好的中低频吸声系数，通过调整微穿孔板穿孔截面形状和穿孔率可以对中低频段（50-1600Hz）噪音进行有效控制。     

局域共振型空腔覆盖层的低频吸声机理及调控规律研究

声学覆盖层的低频吸声特性对潜艇声隐身性能具有重要影响。综合考虑空腔型覆盖层结构和局域共振型薄膜材料的低频吸声性能，建立局域共振型空腔覆盖层的有限元模型，研究复合结构在10 Hz～2 000 Hz频段内的吸声特性，并采用局域共振理论和模态分析揭示复合结构的吸声机理，进一步得到复合结构低频吸声性能的调控规律。研究结果表明：(1)在10 Hz～2 000 Hz频率范围内，相比空腔型覆盖层，复合结构的平均吸声系数提高到0.497；(2)复合结构的低频吸声机理为：通过下半部分空腔变形实现纵波向横波的转化，通过局域共振结构的反共振消耗声能，二者共同作用，提高吸声系数；(3)耦合产生的吸声峰峰值主要随覆盖层损耗因子的增大而增大，峰值频率主要随薄膜面积的增大而向高频移动。研究结果可为声学覆盖层的低频吸声特性设计提供理论指导。     

微穿孔板-聚合物层状结构材料的制备和吸声性能

以微穿孔板(MPP)、聚氨酯泡沫(PU)、丁腈橡胶(NBR)和空腔(AG)为原料,根据不同的结构顺序分别制备出MPP-AG共振结构、MPP-PUFM层状结构、MPP-AG-NBR-PUFM多层结构材料和NBR-PUFM-MPP-AG多层结构材料,研究了MMP穿孔率、PUFM厚度、泡沫层孔径、泡沫厚度和结构交替顺序对复合材料吸声性能的影响。结果表明：在频率较低的条件下MPP穿孔率越低或在较高频率条件下MPP穿孔率越高,层状结构材料的吸声系数越高;随着PUFM厚度的增大层状结构材料的共振峰值频率向低频方向移动。与MPP-PUFM层状结构材料相比,MPP-AG-NBR-PUFM在500~1600Hz频率范围的平均吸声系数由0.58提高到0.66;NBR-PUFM-MPP-AG多层结构材料具有优异的中低频吸声性能,频率为400 Hz时最大吸声系数达到0.94,频率为2700 Hz时吸声系数达到0.85。     

薄膜材料吸声性能数值模拟

为了研究薄膜材料的吸声性能,对带空腔的单层薄膜、双层薄膜及未带空腔的双层薄膜的吸声性能进行了数值模拟。在其它参数保持不变时,随着薄膜材料的质量密度和空腔深度的增加,共振频率逐渐向低频方向移动。带空腔的双层薄膜吸声结构的吸声带宽明显高于单层薄膜的吸声带宽;未带空腔的双层薄膜吸声结构在频率低于一定值时,吸声系数可以保持常数不变。     

微观非均匀粘弹性材料吸声性能研究

橡胶类粘弹性材料作为吸声覆盖层时,可在内部加入空腔或掺杂其它材料改善其吸声特性.当大量分布的空腔尺度远小于波长时,这种微观非均匀的材料在宏观上看是均匀的,可以用一种均匀材料来等效.本文对含小球形空腔的橡胶材料,数值计算了等效介质参数及吸声系数.研究了腔大小、含量及橡胶材料参数对吸声的影响.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Numerical study of methods of linearization of the output characteristics of radio-frequency sensors of the level of dielectric media

Different constructions of the sensing elements of radio-frequency level sensors based on sections of long lines are numerically investigated by means of the Matlab program for the purpose of minimizing the measurement error caused by the nonlinearity of the output characteristic. It is shown that the nonlinearity is lowest for U-shaped designs. The nonlinearity factor KN may be regulated by varying the capacitance of a correcting capacitor connected to the input of the sensing element and (or) the length of one of the sections of the long line. In selecting an optimal capacitance of the correcting capacitor KN ≤ 0.15% for control media with dielectric permittivity in the range 2.2–30.     

Possibilities of Decreasing the Errors of Determination of the Height of the Pole of a Sessile Drop of Melt

We analyze the possibilities of decreasing the errors of measuring the height of the pole of a sessile drop of melt above its equator by determining the position of the equator according to the midpoints of vertical chords of the image of the drop. The optimal distance between these chords and the edge of the image of the drop is chosen within 10–20% of the radius of the equator. The proposed method guarantees the same level of errors of evaluation of the height of the pole and the radius of the equator, which enables one to substantially increase the accuracy of evaluation of the capillary constant and the surface energy of the melt according to the geometric parameters of the sessile drop.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.