再生粗骨料含量对钢管再生混凝土粘结强度及失效性态的影响研究

为了探究再生粗骨料取代率对钢管与再生混凝土界面粘结强度及破坏机理的影响, 设计15个圆钢管再生混凝土和9个方钢管再生混凝土短柱试件, 以混凝土强度等级和长径比为变化参数分组进行取代率的影响分析. 通过推出试验, 获取荷载-滑移曲线的特征点参数, 回归得到极限粘结强度的计算公式. 从界面耗能、粘结抗剪刚度、损伤等角度分析了取代率对其内在失效机理的影响. 研究结果表明:极限粘结强度拟合公式计算值与试验实测值吻合较好;再生粗骨料取代率变化对钢管再生混凝土接触界面粘结失效过程的耗能能力影响不大;而界面弹性粘结剪切刚度却随着取代率的增加而降低;剪切刚度退化速度则相反, 随着取代率的增加而加快;再生粗骨料粘附的水泥基和内部裂纹会加快钢管再生混凝土界面的粘结损伤过程.     

钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土的抗冻性试验

为使废弃混凝土和再生橡胶在北方地区混凝土工程中得以应用,采用正交试验法研究再生粗骨料掺量、再生粗骨料强化方式、钢纤维掺量与橡胶掺量对钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土(C45)立方体抗压强度和抗冻性的影响规律。利用扫描电镜和螺旋CT扫描技术研究了钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土的宏观和细观结构及其对抗冻性能的影响机理。结果表明:橡胶颗粒掺量是影响再生混凝土含气量、抗压强度和相对动弹模量的重要因素,再生粗骨料掺量是影响相对动弹模量和强度损失率的次要因素,钢纤维掺量对混凝土抗压强度增强作用较小,粗骨料强化方式对混凝土性能影响不大;橡胶颗粒与砂浆界面的裂缝宽度在5~55μm之间,二者之间的相容性较差;当橡胶颗粒掺量(与砂的体积比)大于20%后,随橡胶颗粒掺量增大,混凝土内部孔洞数目增多,钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土抗压强度降低、抗冻性减弱。     

钢纤维再生粗骨料混凝土受压声发射特性与损伤演化

为了探究钢纤维掺量(体积率0、0.8%、1.5%)对C30再生粗骨料混凝土(质量分数取代率0、100%)基本力学性能的影响，结合声发射特征参数和应力-应变曲线来描述钢纤维再生粗骨料混凝土在轴心受压过程中的损伤演化规律。试验结果表明，通过对声发射损伤定位、撞击计数与能量计数分析，可实现钢纤维再生粗骨料混凝土轴心受压破坏从累计损伤到微裂缝演变，再到宏观裂缝扩展的全过程动态监测，不同钢纤维掺量再生粗骨料混凝土与普通混凝土试件在加载过程中损伤点的密集集中位置与试件最终破坏位置相符；基于声发射累计撞击计数建立的混凝土损伤模型可用于分析钢纤维再生粗骨料混凝土的损伤演化规律。     

再生粗骨料硅烷浸渍处理对混凝土介质传输性能的影响

由于残余砂浆的存在,再生粗骨料的物理力学指标远不及天然骨料,致使再生混凝土力学和耐久性能较差;此外,水分及有害离子侵入混凝土内部是引起混凝土材料性能劣化的主要原因。本试验用质量分数为8wt%的硅烷乳液浸渍强化再生粗骨料,通过抗压强度、毛细吸水和抗氯离子侵蚀试验对硅烷浸渍前后不同骨料质量取代率(0%、30%、50%)的再生混凝土介质传输性能进行了研究,最后利用SEM对再生混凝土内部的微观结构进行分析。试验结果表明,硅烷浸渍处理再生粗骨料的吸水率显著降低,由其制备的混凝土强度稍有所下降;再生混凝土毛细累积吸水量明显减少,且抗氯盐侵蚀性能显著提高,其中骨料质量取代率为50%的再生混凝土浸渍处理后氯离子扩散系数降低了37.5%。研究表明,硅烷浸渍处理再生粗骨料是提高再生混凝土耐久性的有效途径。      

混凝土断裂面多重分形谱的二次拟合研究

基于混凝土断裂面的分形特性,采用Weierstrass-Mandelbrot (W-M)分形曲面法构造了具有不同分形特征参数的混凝土分形断裂面;对比研究了混凝土分形断裂曲面的多重分形特性,得到了混凝土分形断裂面的多重分形谱曲线。针对混凝土多重分形谱曲线的几何特性,利用最小二乘法对混凝土分形断裂面的多重分形谱进行了二次拟合;对拟合结果进行了定量分析,并对拟合函数进行改进,从而实现了对混凝土断裂面多重分形谱曲线的简化计算。试验结果与拟合结果的对比研究显示,该文所提出的多重分形谱拟合方法能够较好地实现对混凝土断裂面的多重分形谱曲线的模拟,并对多重分形谱的变化规律和趋势进行较为精确的表达。研究成果对研究混凝土断裂面的形成规律乃至混凝土结构或构件的优化设计提供了一种新的思路和方法。     

基于X-CT的高温后再生保温混凝土损伤分析

火灾的发生往往会导致混凝土材料微细观结构的损伤劣化，体现在水化物分解、孔隙结构粗化、热开裂和水汽压力升高诱致开裂等，继而导致材料宏观力学性能及耐久性的下降。轻质高强、内部多孔、高热稳定的玻化微珠(GHB)的细观调控功能可实现混凝土耐高温性能的提升。为了研究受高温作用的再生保温混凝土(RATIC)内部细观结构及裂纹变化特征，本研究首先对高温作用后的RATIC开展了立方体抗压强度试验和CT扫描试验，之后利用基于改进的自适应阈值法和区域生长法的图像分割算法，建立了基于真实结构的RATIC细观模型，分析了不同GHB及再生骨料(RCA)掺量的RATIC试件随温度变化时其内部微裂纹的孕育、萌生、发展及贯通过程。并对RATIC破坏形态与CT结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：GHB对裂缝的延伸有显著阻断作用，为蒸汽压提供了释放通道，缓解了砂浆区域、孔隙边界处的开裂，减缓了热量的传播，提升了混凝土抗热致损伤性能。     

纳米改性再生骨料混凝土单轴受压疲劳性能

采用纳米二氧化硅对再生骨料混凝土(RAC)进行改性,开展了不同再生骨料取代率及纳米改性后的再生骨料混凝土单轴受压疲劳试验,研究其疲劳寿命、疲劳方程、疲劳变形规律及疲劳剩余强度,并利用纳米压痕试验从细观层面上分析探讨了纳米二氧化硅对再生骨料混凝土多重界面过渡区的影响。结果表明:再生骨料混凝土疲劳寿命均较好地服从两参数威布尔概率分布。50%保证率、0.75应力水平下,再生骨料混凝土的疲劳寿命比普通混凝土降低了25.8%,掺入纳米二氧化硅可显著提高再生骨料混凝土的疲劳寿命。对比应变演化曲线和剩余强度模型,纳米二氧化硅改性后的再生骨料混凝土,剩余强度衰减非线性规律明显。纳米二氧化硅的掺入提高了再生骨料混凝土多重界面过渡区的压痕模量,改善了再生骨料混凝土的疲劳性能。     

型钢再生混凝土组合柱轴压性能试验研究

为了研究型钢再生混凝土(SRRAC)组合柱的轴压性能,设计了23个试件进行轴压试验,考虑了再生粗骨料取代率、箍筋体积配箍率和混凝土强度等级3个变化参数。通过试验观察了试件的破坏形态,获取了试件受力全过程曲线、极限承载力等重要数据,并分析各变化参数对SRRAC柱轴心抗压承载性能的影响,基于试验提出其强度计算公式。研究结果表明:SRRAC柱破坏时型钢受压屈服、再生混凝土压碎,具有良好的承载性能,各变化参数均对其承载性能有显著影响,建议再生粗骨料最优取代率为40%,该文建议强度计算公式计算值与试验结果吻合较好。研究结果可供再生混凝土组合结构的进一步科学研究和工程应用参考。     

高强再生骨料混凝土的配制及性能研究

采用再生粗骨料配制强度在50MPa或更大的高强再生骨料混凝土,并对其变形能力和耐久性进行测定,为高强再生骨料混凝土在工程上的应用提供理论和实验基础。通过一系列的抗压实验确定再生粗骨料的强度极限,并通过对水灰比的调整,使配制的高强再生骨料混凝土在强度上达到设计值,并以再生粗骨料取代率为0、30%、50%、80%和100%的高强再生骨料混凝土为研究对象进行实验。当再生粗骨料取代率为30%时,对再生混凝土的强度影响不大;之后混凝土强度随再生骨料的增加而降低。高强再生骨料混凝土与天然混凝土在耐久性上具有相似的性能,可以将高强再生混凝土应用于工程中。     

循环载荷下再生混凝土损伤声发射特性

在地震多发地,混凝土结构常常承受循环荷载作用,为了研究循环加卸载作用下再生混凝土的受压损伤特性,对不同再生粗骨料取代率的混凝土试件进行单轴抗压试验.基于声发射技术,对受压损伤全过程进行了动态分析.研究表明:循环荷载作用下,再生混凝土声发射振铃计数存在Kaiser效应,该效应反映了材料损伤程度,同时揭示了不同掺量再生混凝土的损伤机制;随着应力水平的增加,Felicity比逐渐减小,以Felicity比小于1作为混凝土损伤严重的标志;将每次循环声发射振铃图进行分形计算,循环荷载作用下再生混凝土声发射振铃分形维数随着循环次数的增加而增加,证明了声发射应用于损伤预测的可行性;应用响应比理论对声发射累计事件的研究得出:再生混凝土加卸载声发射数响应比Y随着试件承受的应力水平的增高而减小,且将Y减小至1左右时作为再生混凝土破坏前兆特征,为工程损伤预测及安全评估提供参考.     

Influence of field recycled coarse aggregate on properties of concrete

This paper investigates the influence of different amounts of recycled coarse aggregates obtained from a demolished RCC culvert 15 years old on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). A new term called “coarse aggregate replacement ratio (CRR)” is introduced and is defined as the ratio of weight of recycled coarse aggregate to the total weight of coarse aggregate in a concrete mix. To analyze the behaviour of concrete in both the fresh and hardened state, a coarse aggregate replacement ratio of 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 are adopted in the concrete mixes. The properties namely compressive and indirect tensile strengths, modulus of elasticity, water absorption, volume of voids, density of hardened concrete and depth of chloride penetration are studied. From the experimental results it is observed that the concrete cured in air after 7 days of wet curing shows better strength than concrete cured completely under water for 28 days for all coarse aggregate replacement ratios. The volume of voids and water absorption of recycled aggregate concrete are 2.61 and 1.82% higher than those of normal concrete due to the high absorption capacity of old mortar adhered to recycled aggregates. The relationships among compressive strength, tensile strengths and modulus of elasticity are developed and verified with the models reported in the literature for both normal and recycled aggregate concrete. In addition, the non-destructive testing parameters such as rebound number and UPV (Ultrasonic pulse velocity) are reported. The study demonstrates the potential use of field recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) in concrete.     

Bond behaviour between recycled aggregate concrete and deformed steel bars

The results of thirty pullout tests carried out on 8 and 10 mm diameter deformed steel bars concentrically embedded in recycled aggregate concrete designed using equivalent mix proportions with coarse recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) replacement percentages of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % are reported towards investigation of bond behaviour of RCA concrete. Bond strengths of the natural aggregate concrete and the RCA concrete was found to be comparable, particularly for the 10 mm rebars, and the RCA replacement percentage had an insignificant effect on peak bond stress values. However, for both the bar sizes, when the measured bond strengths were normalized with the respective compressive strengths, then the normalized bond strengths so obtained across all the RCA replacement percentages were higher for the RCA concrete compared to the natural coarse aggregate concrete. Further, higher normalized bond strength values were obtained for the 8 mm rebars compared to the 10 mm bars. An empirical bond stress versus slip relationship between RCA concrete and deformed steel bars has been proposed on the basis of regression analysis of the experimental data and it is conservatively suggested that anchorage lengths of 8 and 10 mm diameter deformed bars in RCA concrete may be taken the same as in natural aggregate concrete.     

Mechanical behavior of recycled coarse aggregate concrete reinforced with steel fibers under direct shear

Recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) concrete has attracted more and more attention worldwide in recent years due to the exhaustion of natural coarse aggregate and environmental pollution from construction and demolition waste in civil engineering. In this study, experiments were carried out on over 100 specimens to investigate the mechanical properties and failure mode of concrete with different volume content of steel fibers (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) and different RCA replacement ratio (0%, 30%, 50% and 100%) under direct shear load. The results show that addition of steel fibers can effectively improve the shear strength and shear toughness of RCA concrete. For a given compressive strength, the RCA replacement ratio has negligible impact on shear strength, but shear deformation and toughness increase as RCA replacement ratio reaches above a ‘limiting value’. A shear strength formula for steel fiber reinforced RCA concrete (SFRCAC) based on compressive strength and characteristic coefficient of steel fiber has been put forward.     

直剪作用下再生混凝土力学性能及强度指标换算

以再生粗骨料取代率为变化参数,通过75个再生混凝土(RAC)试件的直剪、抗压与劈裂抗拉试验,揭示了RAC的直剪破坏机制及不同强度指标之间的换算规律。结果表明:RAC在直剪作用下为明显的脆性破坏,粗骨料和水泥基体均被剪断;随着取代率的增加,RAC直剪强度较普通混凝土变化不大,总体上呈降低趋势,但50%取代率(按质量)时直剪强度有所增大;峰值剪切变形随取代率的增大,总体呈增大趋势,平均提高了18.85%;初始剪切变形模量随取代率的增大,总体呈降低的趋势,平均降低了8.97%;最后,基于试验数据提出了RAC剪切强度与抗压、劈裂抗拉强度的换算关系式,计算结果与试验值吻合较好。      

Bond behavior between steel reinforcement and recycled concrete

In this paper the bond behavior of recycled aggregate concrete was characterized by replacing different percentages of natural coarse aggregate with recycled coarse aggregate (20, 50 and 100 %). The results made it possible to establish the differences between the conventional concrete bond strength and the recycled concrete bond strength depending on the replacement percentage. It was thus found that bond stress decreases with the increase of the percentage of recycled coarse aggregate used. In order to define the influence of recycled aggregate content on bond behavior, normalized bond strength was calculated taking into account the reduced compressive strength of the recycled concretes. Finally, using the experimental results, a modified expression for maximum bond stress (bond strength) prediction was developed, taking into account replacement percentage and compressive strength. The obtained results show that the equation proposed provides an experimental value to theoretical prediction ratio similar to that of conventional concrete.     

Bond strength prediction for deformed steel rebar embedded in recycled coarse aggregate concrete

This paper summarizes the results of an experimental investigation into the bond behavior between recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) and deformed steel rebars, with the main variables being the recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio (RCAr) and water-to-cement ratio of the concrete mixture. The investigation into splitting cracking strength indicates that the degradation of the bond splitting tensile stress of the cover concrete was affected by not only the roundness of the coarse aggregate particles but also the weak interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the cement paste and the RCA that has a more porous structure in the ITZ than normal concrete. In this study, a linear relationship between the bond strength and the density of the RCA was found, but the high compressive strength reduced the effects of the parameters. To predict the bond strength of RAC using the main parameters, a multivariable model was developed using nonlinear regression analysis. It can be inferred from this study that the degradation characteristic of the bond strength of RAC can be predicted well, whereas other empirical equations and code provisions are very conservative.     

The role of 0–2 mm fine recycled concrete aggregate on the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of recycled concrete aggregate concrete

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of 0–2 mm fine aggregate on the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) concrete with normal and high strengths. Normal coarse and fine aggregates were substituted with the same grading of RCAs in two normal and high strength concrete mixtures. In addition, to keep the same slump value for all mixes, additional water or superplasticizer were used in the RCA concretes. The compressive and splitting tensile strengths were measured at 3, 7 and 28 days. Test results show that coarse and fine RCAs, which were achieved from a parent concrete with 30 MPa compressive strength, have about 11.5 and 3.5 times higher water absorption than normal coarse and fine aggregates, respectively. The density of RCAs was about 20% less than normal aggregates, and, hence, the density of RCA concrete was about 8–13.5% less than normal aggregate concrete. The use of RCA instead of normal aggregates reduced the compressive and splitting tensile strengths in both normal and high strength concrete. The reduction in the splitting tensile strength was more pronounced than for the compressive strength. However, both strengths could be improved by incorporating silica fume and/or normal fine aggregates of 0–2 mm size in the RCA concrete mixture. The positive effect of the contribution of normal sand of 0–2 mm in RCA concrete is more pronounced in the compressive strength of a normal strength concrete and in the splitting tensile strength of high strength concrete. In addition, some equation predictions of the splitting tensile strength from compressive strength are recommended for both normal and RCA concretes.     

Influence of steam curing on the pore structures and mechanical properties of fly-ash high performance concrete prepared with recycled aggregates

In this research work, High Performance Concrete (HPC) was produced employing 30% of fly ash and 70% of Portland cement as binder materials. Three types of coarse recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) sourced from medium to high strength concretes were employed as 100% replacement of natural aggregates for recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) production. The specimens of four types of concretes (natural aggregate concrete (NAC) and three RACs) were subjected to initial steam curing besides the conventional curing process. The use of high quality RCA (>100 MPa) in HPC produced RAC with similar or improved pore structures, compressive and splitting tensile strengths, and modulus of elasticity to those of NAC. It was determined that the mechanical and physical behaviour of HPC decreased with the reduction of RCA quality. Nonetheless steam-cured RACs had greater reductions of porosity up to 90 days than NAC, which led to lower capillary pore volume.