非定向有机玻璃拉伸断口形貌与拉伸温度相关性分析EI北大核心CSCD

为探究非定向有机玻璃断口定量表征方法及其断口形貌参数与拉伸温度的相关性,以航空有机玻璃YB-2为研究对象,首先采用体视显微镜和三维激光扫描仪测量了不同拉伸温度下的断口雾状区尺寸和表面粗糙度均值Ra,其次通过扫描电镜-盒维数法测算了断口雾状区的分形维数均值D,最后通过两个假设推算了有机玻璃断裂形成雾状区时消耗的能量,并与断口雾状区的分形维数进行联系。结果得出:当拉伸速率一定时,拉伸温度由-55℃提升至60℃,断口雾状区的尺寸J3从1.257 mm升高至4.978 mm,Ra从0.517μm降低到0.330μm,D从1.357升高至1.579,拉伸温度分别与断口雾状区尺寸、表面粗糙度、分形维数的拟合曲线的拟合度因子均高于0.9,拟合程度较高。研究表明:有机玻璃拉伸断口的形貌参数与其断裂条件存在一定的相关性,雾状区形成时消耗的能量与其分形维数呈正相关关系,该研究结果可为有机玻璃断口定量分析奠定一定的基础。     

水泥断口表面形貌的分形维数定量表征研究

利用分形几何学理论定量表征了几种水泥断口表面的微观形貌特征,并且考察了断口表面分形维数与其抗压强度的关系.结果表明,水泥断口的表面分形维数介于2～3之间,且线性回归分析的相关系数均大于0.98,强的相关性表明实验所选用的水泥断口具有明显的分形特征;水泥的抗压强度与其断口表面分形维数值呈正相关关系.     

内部氢对奥氏体不锈钢拉伸断口分形维数的影响

采用热充氢方法研究了1Cr18Ni9Ti、21Cr6Ni9Mn、Fe31Cr14Ni奥氏体不锈钢的氢脆性能。采用垂直截面法测量了不同热充氢时间拉伸试样的断口分形维数,分析了材料氢脆性能与分形维数的相关性。研究表明:随着充氢时间的延长,3种材料内部氢含量增加、断面收缩率降低、氢致塑性损减增加。反映在断口分形维数上,表现为断口分形维数随充氢时间的延长而降低,且断口分形维数与其断面收缩率呈线性相关。断口分形维数能够描述氢对材料性能的影响。     

Al－Fe系梯度功能材料断口特征及其多尺度分形研究

研究了Ａｌ－Ｆｅ系梯度功能材料的试样不同部位的断口特征；基于离散分形布朗随机场模型，对试样断口进行多尺度分形研究，结果表明断口的分形参数Ｈ值也呈梯度分布，它反映了该材料的韧性呈梯度分布。     

D6AC钢冲击断口形貌的分形研究

本文利用扫描电镜对含MnS夹杂物和含ZrN夹杂物的D6AC钢的冲击断口形貌进行了观察与分析;利用数字图象法测定了试样的断口分形维数,揭示了冲击断口形貌和冲击韧性与夹杂物含量之间的内在联系,探讨了材料冲击断口形貌与分形维数的关系,拓宽了分形几何学在材料领域的应用范围。     

Al—Fe系梯度功能材料断口特征及其多尺度分形研究

研究了Ａｌ－Ｆｅ系梯度功能材料的试样不同部位的断口特征；基于离散分形布朗随机场模型，对试样断口进行多尺度分形研究，结果表明断口的分形参数Ｈ值也呈梯度分布，它反映了该材料的韧性呈梯度分布。     

断口分形研究与应用

采用经典的Ｍａｎｄｅｌｂｒｏｔ分形模型、Ｕｎｄｅｒｗｏｏｄ修正分形模型和分维谱模型对三种球墨铸铁断口的分形特性进行了研究，并应用于铸态铁拉伸断口的断 断裂机制分析。     

D6AC钢冲击断口形貌的分形研究

本文利用扫描电镜对含Mn$夹杂物和含ZrN夹杂物的D6AC钢的冲击断口形貌进行了观察与分析;利用数字图象法测定了试样的断口分形维数,揭示了冲击断口形貌和冲击韧性与夹杂物含量之间的内在联系,探讨了材料冲击断口形貌与分形维数的关系,拓宽了分形几何学在材料领域的应用范围.     

断口定量分析的分形几何方法

近几年来,分形(fractal)几何已广泛地应用于材料的断裂分析。本文简要介绍了分形几何的发展概况及其几个主要定义,分析了一些简单不规则图形的分形维数的计算。把断口形貌统计地看作分形表面,进行了材料的断口的分析分析。根据断口的分形维数,人们可能去定量地追溯材料断袭时的力学行为。     

机械装备的失效分析(续前) 第3讲 断口分析技术(下)

正3断口分析技术3.1断口的宏观分析断口的宏观分析是指在各种不同照明条件下用肉眼、放大镜、体视显微镜等对断口形貌进行直接观察与分析。断口宏观分析以断口的整体形貌特征为出发点,然后根据各种形式的断裂所反映出来的规律进行更进一步的分析与判断。断口的宏观分析使用的放大倍数一般不超过40倍。3.1.1断口宏观分析的任务     

ANALYSIS OF CAST STEEL FRACTURE MECHANISMS FOR DIFFERENT STATES OF STRESS

The process of fracture in a low-carbon cast steel was studied for different states of stress. As a result of heat treatment, two different microstructures have been obtained: ferritic-pearlitic and bainitic. The triaxial states of stress were realised by tensile tests on specimens with various notch configurations and on smooth specimens subjected to different hydrostatic pressures.
During tensile tests carried out under triaxial stress states, the following quantities at fracture were determined: the effective strain, effective stress, stress state components, mean stress and stress triaxiality factor. Fractography of the specimens was carried out to observe the fracture mechanisms and relate them to the state of stress. The fracture mechanism depended on the state of stress and microstructure. With a decreasing stress triaxiality factor, the failure mechanism changed from ductile to shear. The fracture mechanism changed across the diameter of the sample and also depended on the microstructure. The small, smooth samples fractured at a higher stress than the larger samples. Ductile fracture in the ferritic-pearlitic microstructure was controlled by cracking of the matrix–precipitate boundary. Samples with the bainitic microstructure fractured by shear, and fracture depended mainly on the effective stress, although void growth (which is controlled by stress triaxiality) reduced the critical effective stress at positive values of mean stress.     

Fracture in potato tuber parenchyma

Experiments have been carried out to assess the fracture behaviour of potato tuber parenchyma tissue from two different varieties (cvs. King Edward and Record) in three different turgor states (turgid, fresh and flaccid). Methods included wedge-penetration fracture tests, razor-blade cutting tests, ball indentation tests and compression tests. Turgor was manipulated by immersion of fresh tissue in osmotica of known concentration, and assessed by means of cell pressure probing. No significant differences in properties were ascribed to the difference in variety. Changes in water status were responsible for appreciable changes in the fracture properties of the tissue. Values of compressive Young's modulus and work of fracture were combined to predict critical crack lengths for different turgor states under given levels of applied stress below the yield stress.     

Investigation on fracture mechanisms of metals under various stress states

Fracture mechanisms for widely used metal materials are investigated under various loading conditions. Several specimens and different loading methods are deliberately designed to produce various stress states. The stress triaxiality is used to rate the level of tension and compression under various stress states. The stress triaxiality increases with adding a notch in the specimen under tension loading and decreases by changing the loading from tension to compression. Scanning electron microscopes are used to observe the microscopic features on the fracture surfaces. The fracture surfaces observed in the tests indicate that with the decreasing stress triaxiality the fracture mechanism for a given metal material includes intergranular cleavage, nucleation, growth, void coalescence, and local shear band expansion. With the fracture mechanisms changing from intergranular cleavage to nucleation, growth, and coalescence of voids, and expansion of a local shear band, four possible fracture modes can be observed, which are quasi-cleavage brittle fracture, normal fracture with void, shear fracture with void, and shear fracture without void. Quasi-cleavage brittle fracture and normal fracture with void are both normal stress-dominated fracture modes; however, their mechanisms are different. Shear fracture with and without void are both shear stress-dominated fracture, and shear fracture with void is also influenced by the normal stress. To a certain metal material, under high stress triaxiality, quasi-cleavage brittle fracture and normal fracture with void tend to occur, and under low stress triaxiality, shear fracture with and without void tend to occur. In addition, the critical positions and fracture criteria adapted to each fracture mode will also be different.     

5182-O铝合金塑性成形性能表征

目的 结合复杂加载状态试验、塑性和损伤断裂本构模型及有限元应用,实现AA5182-O铝合金在复杂加载状态下塑性变形和损伤断裂行为的精确表征。方法 通过拉伸、剪切等试验,研究5182-O在剪切、单向拉伸、平面应变拉伸等复杂应力状态下的力学性能,应用pDrucker方程来表征其复杂加载状态下的塑性变形和损伤断裂特性。采用逆向工程方法实现pDrucker屈服方程和pDrucker断裂准则的精确标定。将标定后的塑性本构模型和损伤断裂准则应用到ABAQUS/Explicit中,预测不同试件的塑性变形和损伤断裂情况。结果 通过有限元模拟与试验结果的对比,发现有限元仿真准确预测了5182-O在复杂加载状态下的力-位移曲线和损伤断裂情况。结论 有限元模拟与试验结果的对比表明,pDrucker方程可以实现5182-O铝合金在复杂加载状态下塑性成形性能的精确表征。标定的pDrucker方程可应用于5182-O冲压成形过程的有限元分析、模具设计和工艺优化中。     

Micromechanics of fracture in notched samples of heavily drawn steel

This paper analyzes the consequences on fracture of the combined effects of triaxial stress states generated by notches of very different geometries and microstructural evolution produced by a heavy cold drawing when eutectoid high-strength prestressing steels are manufactured. The anisotropic fracture behaviour of these materials with high level of strain hardening is rationalized on the basis of the markedly oriented pearlitic microstructure of the drawn steels which influences the operative micromechanism of fracture in this case.     

Elastic Wave Scattering by an Interface Crack Between a Piezoelectric Layer and an Elastic Substrate

This paper analyzes the consequences on fracture of the combined effects of triaxial stress states generated by notches of very different geometries and microstructural evolution produced by a heavy cold drawing when eutectoid high-strength prestressing steels are manufactured. The anisotropic fracture behaviour of these materials with high level of strain hardening is rationalized on the basis of the markedly oriented pearlitic microstructure of the drawn steels which influences the operative micromechanism of fracture in this case.     

新型阻燃β钛合金的断裂行为

测试了Ti-25V-15Cr-0.3Si钛合金的力学性能，并运用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM)主能量散射谱仪（EDS)其不同状态下的金相组织、热压及拉伸断口进行了形貌观察与成分定量分析。结果表明：该阻燃合金具有一定的耐热性，且在不同试验条件下呈现不同的断裂特征；合金状态可以显著影响断裂行为；断口上存在的Fe、Ni、W、S、O等杂质元素相是导致合金过早断裂的内在原因，设法提高冶金质量是改善合金加工性能及力学性能的关键。     

Prediction of the Temperature and Density Dependences of the Parameters of the Average Effective Binary Mixture Pair Potential Using Only the LIR Equation of State

Recently, using the linear isotherm regularity (LIR) equation of state, the average effective pair potential parameters for dense fluids have been calculated, and it was shown that they are only temperature dependent. Those parameters were used to propose a strong principle of corresponding states. In the present work, the approach is extended to binary mixtures, from which we have found that the average effective pair potential parameters of mixtures depend on composition and temperature. We have also calculated the average effective unlike pair potential parameters of mixtures at various temperatures via the LIR parameters. The calculated like and unlike pair potential parameters of some mixtures have then been used to calculate their excess enthalpy. When the calculated average effective pair potential parameters of mixtures are used to reduce the LIR parameters, a strong principle of corresponding states has been observed for various mixtures with different compositions, as for the pure components. The calculated like and unlike pair potential parameters have been tested with different mixing rules based on the one-fluid approximation. The maximum differences of the calculated values with the mixing rules are lower than 10%.     

Dynamic dipole-dipole interactions between excitons in quantum dots of different sizes

A model of the resonance dynamic dipole-dipole interaction between excitons confined in quantum dots (QDs) of different sizes at close enough distance is given in terms of parity inheritance and exchange of virtual photons. Microphotoluminescence spectra of GaAs-AlGaAs coupled QDs are proposed to be analyzed by this model, including features created by high-speed random switching, depending on the carrier configuration in and around the QD pair, between the dipole-dipole split states and the nonsplit states to give double peaks at both of the QDs.     

Using local out-of-plane compression (LOPC) to study the effects of residual stress on apparent fracture toughness

To study and understand the effects of residual stresses on fracture behaviour, it is necessary to introduce well characterised and reproducible residual stresses into laboratory fracture specimens. One technique capable of providing such residual stresses is local compression, where the local compression is applied to the sides of a test specimen. In this paper, the technique is used to create a residual stress field in compact tension, C(T), specimens. The specimens are used subsequently to study the effects of residual stress on fracture. Finite element studies show that significant changes to the distribution of the residual stresses occur when the position of the compression tools is changed relative to the crack tip. It is also revealed that both a single and double pair of compression tools can generate both tensile and compressive residual stresses in the vicinity of the crack tip depending upon the location of the tools relative to the crack tip. The impact of local compression is illustrated by experimental results from room temperature fracture tests performed on two aluminium alloys, Al2650 and Al2024. Tensile residual stresses, created by the application of a single pair of compression tools, reduced the initiation fracture toughness of Al2650 by about one half. The ductile tearing resistance of Al2024 decreases when a double pair of tools introduces tensile residual stresses. Conversely, the tearing resistance increases when compressive residual stresses are created through local compression.