输水管道流固耦合振动数值计算

采用特征线法对输水管道流固耦合振动响应进行数值计算,管道的运动采用4-方程模型描述。研究管道分段时所采用的波速对数值计算结果的影响,以及管道结构阻尼对系统响应的影响。结果表明:采用特征线法求解输水管道系统流固耦合振动响应时,应采用最小波速对管道分段;管道的结构阻尼对系统响应的影响大于液体与管道之间的摩擦阻尼,可以使系统的振动快速衰减。     

管材参数对输液管流固耦合振动的影响

采用特征线法对一蓄水池-管道-阀门(RPV)系统的流固耦合振动响应进行了数值计算,研究了管道结构阻尼、管材泊松比以及管道壁厚管道材料对系统振动响应的影响。结果表明：随着管道结构阻尼的增大,管壁本身的振动受到抑制;当管道结构阻尼大于某一临界值时,系统的振动能量主要集中在液体里,造成液体压力能的升高;随着泊松比的增大或管道壁厚的增大,液体的压能增大,管壁的轴向振动强度降低。     

弯管转角对液压管道振动特性影响分析

飞行器液压管道的振动关系着飞行器管道系统的使用寿命及飞行安全,该振动主要由液压泵体振动、机身振动及管道与流体耦合振动三部分组成。前两种振动可以通过软管连接而得到较好的解决,最后一种振动则需要通过对管道系统进行优化设计来减弱。在管道与流体耦合振动中,管道转弯处又是耦合的敏感区域,应用有限单元法及计算流体动力学法对某型飞行器一典型的高压管段进行了数值液固耦合分析,探讨了在航空泵非定常流速下弯管转角对该管道振动特性的影响。分析结果表明,管道弯头的转角从 降低到 ,其振动幅值降低了50%,振动峰峰值降低了68.29%,可见弯管转角对管道振动的影响需要在将来的设计中应给予足够的重视。     

高压气井完井管柱系统的轴向流固耦合振动研究

目前针对石油完井管柱的研究没有考虑瞬变流诱发的管柱运动,而实际的管柱与管内流体存在相互影响、相互作用。对完井管柱系统流固耦合振动响应进行了初步分析与探索,给出了适用于气井完井管柱流固耦合分析的数学模型,提供了采用特征线法对耦合模型进行解耦以及采用插值方法进行数值求解的具体过程,并以现场数据为例,预测分析了天然气不稳定流动引起的流体压力、管柱应力、管柱振动速度的耦合响应过程。研究结果表明：天然气不稳定流动使管柱处于交变应力状态,并诱发管柱往复运动,这将加剧完井管柱结构的疲劳破坏与磨损破坏。该结果对预防完井管柱先期实效有实际工程意义     

空间RRRP机械臂的刚柔耦合非线性动力学特性研究

摘 要 机械臂的刚柔耦合非线性动力学特性分析是实现其运动精度控制的基础。针对某航天飞行器装载的RRRP型空间机械臂,采用模态组合函数描述各臂的弹性变形,将转动副角位移、移动幅线位移以及各臂的模态坐标作为广义自由度,利用Lagrange定理建立了空间RRRP机械臂的非线性动力学方程,采用4-5阶变步长 Longgekuta法,对非线性微分方程组进行了数值求解。研究了机械臂刚柔耦合的非线性特性及结构参数变化对末端振动的影响,为进一步实现其结构优化和精度控制奠定基础。     

基于精细Runge-Kutta混合积分法的车桥耦合振动非迭代求解算法

针对结构非线性问题,采用4阶Runge-Kutta法展开精细积分法中响应状态方程的Duhamel项,构造了一种既可以避免迭代又具有较高精度的精细Runge-Kutta混合积分方法,在此基础上提出了适用于车桥耦合振动高效求解的分析框架。车桥耦合系统由车辆、桥梁子系统组成,均采用有限元建模,其中车辆子系统采用部件刚体假定,而桥梁子系统借助于振型叠加法缩减自由度数目;两个子系统内部非线性作用以及系统间的相互作用通过非线性的虚拟力表达。以一节4轴客车匀速通过32m简支梁为研究对象,分别采用分析框架法、Runge-Kutta法进行动力分析。数值结果对比表明：相对于Runge-Kutta法,精细Runge-Kutta混合法能够显著提高计算收敛的积分步长;分析框架可以应用到实际工程中。     

基于分离系数矩阵差分法的输流管道轴向耦合响应特性研究

利用分离系数矩阵差分法配合隐式欧拉法,针对输流直管轴向振动流固耦合-四方程模型进行数值仿真计算,研究在水锤激励下,输流直管耦合轴向振动响应特性。分离系数矩阵差分法避开特征线法复杂的时间或空间插值,能根据波的传播方向选择适当的差分公式进行计算,简单可行且稳定性较好。将该数值模式的计算结果与前人的数值结果和经典水锤理论对比,吻合良好,表明其具有较高的适应性和准确性。对比分析了仅考虑泊松耦合时和同时考虑泊松与连接两种耦合时,流体流速、管内压强、轴向管道振动速度以及管壁应力四个特征参数的响应特性。结果表明,两种耦合作用对管道轴向振动特性的影响不容忽视,泊松耦合主要影响振动响应幅值,而连接耦合不仅会影响振动幅值,还会影响振动频率。     

严重段塞流引起的海洋立管振动响应

基于改进的严重段塞流瞬态数学模型和平面刚架理论,建立严重段塞流海洋立管耦合振动数学模型,对数学模型进行求解,研究了严重段塞流引起的海洋立管振动响应。数值模拟过程中,采用欧拉法计算严重段塞流流动参数,利用Galerkin法对立管结构动力学方程进行有限元离散,Newmark-β法求解离散方程。为了提高计算效率和精度,采用了变时间步长逐步积分方案。将数值模拟结果与实验数据进行对比,验证了数学模型和数值方法的准确性。对严重段塞流引起的立管系统位移响应、内力和支承力变化进行了深入分析。结果表明:立管系统的振动响应、内力变化规律与严重段塞流的周期性特征密切相关;弹性基础可以极大降低管道结构的振动幅度及内力,尤其是下倾管的弯曲内力;上升管的高频振动幅度较大,轴力和弯曲内力变化也较大。严重段塞流引起海洋立管振动响应的分析对海洋立管设计及其支承防护具有重要的指导意义。     

车辆-路面耦合振动系统模型与仿真分析

基于二分之一的四自由度车辆振动模型,把路面简化成Kelvin地基上Euler梁,通过非线性动态轮胎力,建立车路耦合系统的分析模型及其动力平衡方程;通过轮胎和路面的位移协调条件对耦合方程进行解耦,采用模态叠加法和New-mark积分法对耦合方程组进行求解。数值分析表明:轮胎作为参振子系统对路面的影响基本可以忽略不计,考虑轮胎作为参振子系统下车体的最大竖向位移是没有考虑情况下的1.2倍左右。并对车辆运动初速度、加速度、以及路面不平顺对车体振动影响进行了分析。     

变速多移动质量耦合作用下柔性梁系统振动响应分析

针对多移动质量耦合作用下柔性梁的振动响应进行研究分析。根据柔性梁振动理论,考虑移动质量间相互运动与柔性梁弹性振动之间的耦合作用,建立了多移动质量-柔性梁系统的振动方程。采用时变力学系统数值求解方法,对多移动质量以不同运动形式作用下柔性梁系统的振动响应进行求解分析。计算结果表明：移动质量间相互运动的形式不同,梁的振动效果不同;与单个移动质量叠加作用相比,多移动质量间耦合作用下的梁的振动效果呈现显著的不同。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.