可降解聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石杂化材料——Ⅲ.聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石杂化材料的制备及降解

采用超声分散技术,以聚(D,L)-乳酸(PDLLA)和纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)为原料,制备出PDLLA/HA杂化材料,研究了PDLLA/HA杂化材料在生理盐水中的降解性能,并对相关产物进行了FT-IR、TEM、XRD分析。结果表明,杂化材料中PDLLA与HA间通过氢键结合,随着HA含量的增加,杂化材料在生理盐水中的降解速率减缓,此外,杂化材料的降解包括PDLLA的降解和HA的重新沉积钙化两个过程,降解12周后,HA的晶体结构被破坏,重新沉积钙化形成多孔骨骼结构。     

可降解聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石杂化材料--Ⅱ.聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石杂化材料的制备及降解

采用超声分散技术，以聚（D，L）-乳酸（PDLLA）和纳米羟基磷灰石（HA）为原料，制备出PDLLA／HA杂化材料。研究了PDLLA／HA杂化材料在生理盐水中的降解性能，并对相关产物进行了FT-IR、TEM、XRD分析．结果表明，杂化材料中PDLLA与HA间通过氢键结合，随着HA含量的增加，杂化材料在生理盐水中的降解速率减缓，此外，杂化材料的降解包括PDLLA的降解和HA的重新沉积钙化两个过程。降解12周后，HA的晶体结构被破坏，重新沉积钙化形成多孔骨骼结构。     

苎麻纤维/聚乳酸复合材料在不同pH环境下的水解行为

以生物基树脂聚乳酸为基体,以植物纤维苎麻为补强剂,利用熔融共混法制备了苎麻纤维/聚乳酸(RF/PLA)复合材料,考查了RF/PLA复合材料在不同pH环境下的水解行为,并以力学性能测试、SEM、DSC和维卡软化温度检测为手段对其降解行为进行了评估。结果表明:RF/PLA复合材料在碱性(pH=12.0)环境中的降解比在酸性(pH=2.0)和中性(pH=7.0)环境中的更快,界面侵蚀空化是其性能劣化的主要原因。RF的加入提高了PLA的结晶度和维卡软化温度,同时也加快了PLA的降解速度,降解导致材料的力学强度下降。随着降解过程的加剧,RF/PLA复合材料的结晶度和维卡软化温度因材料内部产生缺陷而有所降低;而纯PLA树脂的结晶度却随碱液处理时间的延长而增加,但其维卡软化温度没有发生明显的变化。     

PLA的酸性降解及其机理分析

目的研究PLA在酸性条件下降解及其机理。方法通过在酸性水溶液中降解不同时间,得到一系列不同相对分子质量的PLA,利用黏度法、凝胶色谱以及红外光谱对PLA的降解机理进行研究。结果 PLA的数均分子量随降解时间的增加逐渐减小,失重率和降解率逐渐升高,在降解23 d后,产物的数均分子量从4050降至2490,失重率从9.9%升至75.1%,降解率从98.3%提高至99.0%。降解过程中,PLA的相对分子质量分布系数基本保持不变,一直维持在1.25左右。结论在降解过程中,酯键的断裂是PLA初步降解的主要方式,H+浓度的升高有利于催化酯键的断裂,加剧PLA降解。     

聚乳酸/二氧化硅有机无机杂化材料的制备和表征

以聚乳酸(PLA)、正硅酸乙酯(TEO S)为原料,活性单体3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)为偶联剂,采用两步法制备PLA/S iO2杂化材料。采用FT-IR、DSC和TEM等技术对杂化材料进行表征。研究结果表明,杂化材料中有机组分和无机组分通过APTES发生了化学键合;材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)随着二氧化硅含量的增大而提高;随APTES加入量增大、酰胺化反应温度升高,反应时间延长,杂化材料的溶胶分数减小。     

羟基磷灰石聚乳酸多孔复合材料的制备与表征

羟基磷灰石陶瓷(HA)与人体具有良好的生物相容性,能够与骨结合,可用于骨代替材料,但其机械性能欠佳,还有待提高。聚乳酸(PLA)具有良好的生物相容性和降解性能。现将二者复合制备了HA/PLA复合物,采用超声分散法制备不同比例的HA/PLA多孔复合材料,并对该材料进行了相关的表征。结果表明HA/PLA比例在70:100时获得孔隙率及综合性能较好的多孔材料。     

基于正交实验方法优化PP/PLA复合材料薄膜力学性能研究

随着现代社会对多功能材料需求的增大,针对杂化复合材料的研究也不断深入。为了得到可生物降解的环保型杂化复合材料,本文将传统合成聚合物聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)和生物可降解材料聚乳酸(Polylactic acid,PLA)进行熔融共混,并加入马来酸酐(Maleic anhydride,MAH)进行增容,制备出PP/PLA杂化复合材料薄膜。将PP/PLA杂化复合材料薄膜力学性能作为评定标准设计正交实验,影响因素包括混合时间、马来酸酐添加量以及螺杆转速,每个因素设置三个水平。通过方差与极差分析得出马来酸酐添加量为最显著因素,并单独对其进行单因素分析,以确定最佳添加量。最终得出PP/PLA杂化复合材料薄膜最优工艺为混合时间8 min,马来酸酐添加量0.8wt%,螺杆转速130 r/min,此条件下其拉伸强度与弹性模量分别可达到25.08 MPa和1 288.74 MPa,比未添加马来酸酐时分别提升了100%和140%。     

增容纳米纤维素/聚乳酸复合材料的制备与性能

采用接枝共聚法制备了马来酸酐和丙烯酸丁酯双单体接枝聚乳酸（PLA）共聚物（mPLA）,然后以mPLA为增容剂,通过溶液浇铸法制备纳米纤维素（NCC）/PLA复合材料。采用SEM、DSC、TG、广角X射线衍射（WXRD）、力学和降解性能测试研究了mPLA对NCC/PLA复合材料的结构和性能的影响。结果表明:mPLA在PLA与NCC之间起到了良好的界面增容作用,促进了NCC在PLA基体中的分散。更精细分散的NCC促进了PLA的结晶成核,复合材料的结晶温度降低,结晶度提高;NCC/mPLA/PLA复合材料的力学性能随着mPLA含量增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,当mPLA含量为8%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和弹性模量与未添加mPLA的复合材料相比,分别提高了30.2%和41.4%;亲水性的NCC加速了NCC/PLA复合材料的降解,加入mPLA后,复合材料的降解速率有所减慢,但仍然快于纯PLA的降解。      

DOPO衍生物/聚乳酸复合材料的热降解、阻燃及力学性能

研究9, 10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)、10-(2, 5-二羟基苯基)-10-氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO-HQ)、6H-二苯并[c, e][1, 2]氧代磷酸甘油酯, 6, 6’-(1, 2-苯乙基)双-, 66’-二氧化物(DiDOPO)三种衍生物的热分解行为,并考察了它们对聚乳酸(PLA)材料热降解、阻燃及力学性能的影响。热重分析结果表明,DOPO阻燃剂初始分解温度(T_5%)仅为154℃,DOPO-HQ的T_5%提高到342℃,DiDOPO的T_5%达到363℃,明显高于DOPO与DOPO-HQ。对比DOPO衍生物/PLA复合材料的T_5%发现,T_5%(DOPO/PLA,273.5℃)< T_5%(DOPO-HQ/PLA,321.5℃)< T_5%(DiDOPO/PLA,333.8℃),呈现出与阻燃剂热稳定性相一致的递增趋势。另外,热降解动力学结果表明复合材料的热降解活化能提高。通过热重-红外光谱分析(TG-IR)、裂解-气相色谱/质谱联用(PY-GC/MS)探究DOPO衍生物/PLA复合材料的热降解行为,结果表明三种阻燃剂主要通过产生磷氧自由基实现气相阻燃作用,DOPO-HQ和DiDOPO的特征基团可能在凝聚相中发挥作用。在垂直燃烧测试中三种体系均达到V-0级,其中DOPO/PLA熔滴最严重,DiDOPO/PLA体系熔滴得以抑制。此外,力学测试结果表明,DOPO/PLA拉伸强度比纯PLA下降83.1%,而DOPO-HQ/PLA和DiDOPO/PLA仅分别下降14.2%和15.6%。      

碳纳米管/PLA复合材料制备及性能

采用溶液共混法制备纯化和酸化碳纳米管(CNTs)/PLA(聚乳酸)复合膜, 并对CNTs的分散性以及材料的结晶形态、 电性能和降解性能进行了研究。结果表明, 通过SEM观察到经过酸化处理的CNTs能较好地分散在PLA基体中; 在偏光显微镜下能观察到CNTs起到成核剂的作用, 明显细化了晶粒; 加入少量的酸化CNTs能够提高CNTs/PLA复合材料导电性, 体积电阻率下降了7个数量级; 同时, 酸化CNTs能够提高CNTs/PLA复合材料的降解性。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.