Effects of chloride ions on electrochemical reaction of 316 stainless steel in mixtures of molten nitrate salts

Effects of chloride ion on decomposition of ternary nitrate and corrosion behaviors of 316 stainless steel (316 SS) were studied by electrochemical corrosion tests in molten salt. Chemical composition and morphology of the corrosion products were analyzed using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy disperse spectroscopy. Composition analysis for molten salt combined with morphology analyses of corrosion layer showed that presence of chlorine ions slowed down decomposition of ternary nitrate and increased corrosion rate of stainless steel markedly. The polarization curve obtained indicated that the corrosion current density increased from 3.02 mA ⋅ cm⁻² to 8.76 mA ⋅ cm⁻² with the addition of 10 % NaCl. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated a decrease in charge-transfer resistance of the double layer between 316 SS and ternary Nitrate containing 10 % NaCl, resulting in a decreased corrosion resistance of 316 SS.     

Effect of solution heat treatment and hot extrusion on in vitro corrosion behavior of Mg−2Y−1Zn−0.4Zr−0.3Sr alloys as a potential biodegradable material

In this work, the influence of solution heat treatment and hot extrusion on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of as-cast Mg−2Y−1Zn−0.4Zr−0.3Sr alloys are systematically investigated via X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electrochemical testing, and mass loss testing. The as-cast alloy comprises α-Mg matrix and Mn₃Y₂Zn₃ (W-phase). Solution heat treatment and hot extrusion exert a conspicuous influence on the corrosion behavior of Mg−2Y−1Zn−0.4Zr−0.3Sr alloys through microstructure transformation. Both methods can remarkably improve corrosion resistance, and the as-extruded alloys exhibit an optimal corrosion resistance of 0.0432 mg ⋅ cm⁻² ⋅ h⁻¹ via mass loss testing. The three alloys exhibit a similar corrosion mechanism, which is based on galvanic corrosion. In the later stage of corrosion, a three-tier corrosion layer structure is formed. In combination with an array of analytical methods, the corrosion mechanisms of the three alloys are described in detail.     

Study on corrosion resistance of aluminium coating deposited on magnesium-zinc-yttrium-calcium alloy by cold spray

Pure aluminium coatings were prepared on magnesium-zinc-yttrium-calcium alloy substrate via cold spraying technology with different scanning speeds and working gas temperature. The correlation between the corrosion resistance of the coatings and the different spraying process was studied. While the working gas temperature is 600 °C and the scanning speed is 1 mm/s, aluminium coating has less porosity and the coating was well combined with the substrate. Higher temperature of working gas increases the plastic deformation of particles, which lead to a dense aluminium coating. The relationship of corrosion resistance on working gas temperature and scanning speed of aluminium coatings has also been investigated by immersion corrosion test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques. The results show that the cold sprayed aluminium coatings revealed a lower porosity and higher corrosion resistance with the decreasing scanning speed and the increasing temperature of working gas. The porosity and corrosion current densities were 0.938 vol.% and 2.427 ⋅ 10⁻⁶ A/cm². The experimental results show that the aluminium coating prepared by cold spraying has a good protective effect on magnesium alloy.     

Effect of aging treatment on microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al-Zn-Mg aluminum alloy in aqueous solutions with different aggressive ions

The microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al-Zn-Mg alloy(namely 7×××)after natural aging treatment(NAT)and artificial aging treatment(AAT)in aqueous NaCl solutions containing different aggressive ions have been investigated in current work.Results of microstructure characterization demonstrate that the aging treatment has a great influence on the grain size and precipitates.The grain size is relatively sizeable and no evident precipitates are observed in alloy after NAT comparable with that after AAT.The electrochemical corrosion behavior of alloy was studied by polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The corrosion potential(E_corr)of the aluminum alloy is more negative in 3.5 wt.%NaCl containing 0.052 wt.%NaHSO₃solution than that in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solutions with or without 0.907 wt.%NaHCO₃.Charge transfer resistance(Rct)results reveal that alloy after AAT has an enhancement of corrosion resistance compare with that after NAT.With the immersion time increasing,mostly pitting spreads over the surface of the alloy only in NaCl solution,whereas exfoliation corrosion mainly occurs in NaCl solutions containing NaHSO₃or NaHCO₃.     

Microstructures and corrosion resistance of as‐cast aluminum‐10 wt.% silicon and aluminum‐20 wt.% silicon alloys

The microstructures and corrosion resistance of two as‐cast alloys, aluminum‐10 wt.% silicon hypoeutectic alloy and aluminum‐20 wt.% silicon (weight percent) hypereutectic alloy are investigated by conventional casting, the scanning electron microscope equipped with oxford X‐ray energy dispersive spectroscopy system and transmission electron microscope are applied for analysis. The results show that the microstructures change from the strip‐like into lump shape with the increase of silicon content from 10 % to 20 %. The electrochemical polarization curves prove that the aluminum‐20 wt.% hypereutectic silicon alloy had the better resistance with the corrosion potential of ?1.414 V and corrosion current density of 5.41 ? 10^?5 ampere compared with the aluminum‐10 wt.% silicon hypoeutectic alloy.     

Pitting corrosion inhibition of 316 stainless steel in phosphoric acid-chloride solutions Part I Potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization studiess

The electrochemical behaviour of 316 stainless steel in H3PO4-CI– solutions containing nitrate, dichromate, tungstate, and molybdate anions as inhibitors are presented and discussed using potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization techniques. The results showed that most additives improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy. The additives retard both active and pitting attack to an extent depending on the type and concentration of the additive. Results were correlated with the beneficial action of the corresponding alloying elements.     

电偶对中6A01铝合金的电化学腐蚀行为研究

为了解决高速列车环境下6A01铝合金的电偶腐蚀问题,利用电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线等电化学方法研究了6A01铝合金在不同溶液中的电偶腐蚀行为.结果表明:6A01铝合金在NaCl溶液和模拟污水溶液中以点蚀为主,模拟污水溶液中铝合金的腐蚀速率较小,腐蚀速率随时间先增大后减小,再增大再减小,最后趋于稳定,铝合金的耐蚀性能减弱.铝...     

防锈铝合金耐氯化钠盐雾腐蚀行为的研究

铝锰防锈合金LF21M由于其较好的耐蚀性而得到了广泛应用,采用中性盐雾试验对LF21M材料的耐蚀行为进行了考察,并结合扫描电镜(SEM)、能量色谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和电化学极化曲线法对LF21M材料的腐蚀行为进行了分析研究.结果表明:LF21M铝合金在潮湿的含氯离子环境中容易诱发点蚀,但腐蚀后的材料表面覆盖有一层薄而致密的Al2O3氧化膜,该氧化膜可有效地延缓腐蚀的继续发展,从而使材料的耐蚀能力有所提高.     

Electrochemical performance in seawater and microstructural evolution of friction stir welded joints of dissimilar AA1050 and AZ91D

This paper presents the electrochemical performance and microstructural evolution of friction stir welded joint of dissimilar AA1050 and AZ91D in seawater, for potential applications in the transportation industry. The corrosion behavior of the dissimilar weld was compared to the corrosion behavior of the parent materials, and similar welds of each alloy. The experiments were successfully conducted with an H13 hot-working tool steel in butt-joint configuration. The results revealed the presence of intercalated microstructure in the dissimilar weld and homogenous microstructures in the similar welds. The corrosion resistance properties of the parent materials and similar welds were higher than that of the dissimilar weld sample. The dissimilar weld has a current density of 3.83×10⁻⁵ A/cm² and corrosion rate of 9.99×10⁻⁴ mm/year; and is most susceptible to corrosion, due to the galvanic coupling between the dissimilar alloys and intermetallic compounds. The similar weld of AA1050 has a current density of 1.99×10⁻⁷ A/cm² and corrosion rate of 1.44×10⁻³ mm/year, while the similar weld of AZ91D has a current density of 8.58×10⁻⁶ A/cm² and corrosion rate of 1.13×10⁻¹ mm/year.     

Design and experimental study of a plate-type falling-film generator for a LiBr/H2O absorption heat pump

A novel plate-type falling-film generator for a LiBr/H₂O absorption heat pump and the resulting generator/condenser unit prototype are presented in this paper. The generator consists of a directly-connected overflow solution distributor. This novel structure can ensure uniform solution distribution and stable falling-film flow; it is also more compact and provides greater feasibility to regulate capacity by plate assembly compared to conventional distributors for falling film. Visual flow pattern experiments were conducted in a vacuum atmosphere. Split flows and obvious parabolic dry areas were shown to exist. The method to improve the wetting rate was also investigated. Thermal performance tests show that the heat transfer coefficient of the generator ranged from 0.735 kW⋅m⁻²⋅K⁻¹ to 0.856 kW⋅m⁻²⋅K⁻¹. The flow and thermal experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of the plate-type falling-film generator for a LiBr/H₂O absorption heat pump. The concept of the novel generator can be used for all absorption heat pump components and thus greatly increase the generalizability of the absorption technology.     

机械镀Zn-Al合金镀层的耐腐蚀性能研究

为了增强机械镀镀层的耐腐蚀性能,采用机械镀方法,以含铝5%(质量分数)的Zn-Al合金粉为原料,在Q235钢材基体表面制备了Zn-Al合金镀层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)表征了合金镀层的截面和断面形貌;采用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)分析了合金镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学行为;通过中性盐雾腐蚀实验分析了合金镀层的耐蚀性,并采用XRD分析了镀层的盐雾腐蚀产物。结果表明,Zn-Al合金镀层由葫芦状的Zn-Al合金颗粒交错互嵌堆积而成,镀层颗粒之间以类似隼接的连接方式搭接“卡锁”;与机械镀Zn层相比,Zn-Al合金镀层的腐蚀电位正移了209 mV,腐蚀电流密度仅为纯Zn镀层的7.1%左右,极化电阻为纯Zn镀层的14倍;Zn-Al合金镀层的容抗弧半径明显大于纯Zn镀层的弧半径,且Q_dl较纯锌层减小;纯Zn镀层出现白锈和红锈的时间分别为24和362 h,而Zn-Al合金镀层出现白锈和红锈的时间为48和504 h。Zn-Al合金镀层的耐中性盐雾腐蚀性能明显优于纯Zn镀层,合金镀层对电荷转移具有更好的抑制作用,且Zn-Al合金镀层的腐蚀产物结构致密,可增强物理屏蔽功能。     

Effect of Copper and Bronze Addition on Corrosion Resistance of Alloyed 316L Stainless Steel Cladded on Plain Carbon Steel by Powder Metallurgy

A sandwich structure with cladding alloyed 316L stainless steel on plain carbon steel was prepared by means of powder metallurgy (PM) processing. Electrolytic Cu and prealloyed bronze (95Cu wt pct, 5Sn wt pct) were added in different contents up to 15% into the surface cladded 316L layers and the effect of alloying concentrations on the corrosion resistance of the 316L cladding layers was studied. The corrosion performances of the cladding samples were studied by immersion tests and potentio-dynamic anodic polarization tests in H_2S0_4 and FeCl_3 solutions. Both 316L and alloyed 316L surface layers with 1.0 mm depth produced by PM cladding had an effect to improve corrosion resistance in H2SO4 and FeCI3 solutions. Small Cu and bronze addition (4%) had a positive effect in H_2SO_4 and FeCl3 solutions. 4% Cu alloyed 316L surface layer produced by PM cladding showed similar anodic polarization behaviour to the 316L cladding layer in H_2SO_4 and FeCl_3 solutions.     

Copper nucleation and growth during the corrosion of aluminum alloy 2524 in sodium chloride solutions

Copper clusters, as nodules and micro dendritic masses, were observed to nucleate and grow on Al 2524 surfaces after corrosion immersion experiments for up to 5 days in 0.6 M NaCl solutions; with pH values ranging from 3 to 11. Cu clusters observed by SEM on the corroded surfaces and confirmed by EDX analysis were extracted or stripped from their original sites and examined in detail utilizing TEM and EDX spectrometry. These observations confirm a mechanism contributing to pitting corrosion in copper-rich aluminum alloys involving the plating or cementation of Cu²⁺ from solution as an electrochemical displacement reaction, resulting in nucleation and growth of Cu clusters on the aluminum alloy surface, and causing additional aluminum dissolution and pitting around the Cu deposits.     

Corrosion study and quantitative measurement of crystallite size of high strength aluminum hybrid composite developed via friction stir processing

This present study is centered on the corrosion behaviors and structural integrity of high strength aluminum-alloy 7075-T651 hybridized with carbonaceous coconut shell ash (CSA) and α+β titanium alloy powder in ratio of 50 : 50, fabricated during friction stir processing (FSP). The study examined the base metal – AA7075-T651 as well as the friction stir processed AA7075-T651 as control experiments. The Processing parameters used were plunge depth of 0.3 mm, travel speed of 20 mm/min, the tilt angle of 3° and rotational speed of 1500 min⁻¹. The corrosion characteristics were examined with the Potentiodynamic Polarization method in 3.5 % NaCl medium while crystalline phases were studied with x-ray diffraction (XRD). Results show that fabricated aluminum hybrid composite (AHC) AA7075-T651/coconut shell ash (CSA)/titanium-alloy has the highest percentage of inhibition performance efficiency (IPE) of 84.81 % resulting to 0.76938 mm/year corrosion rate and 356.51 Ω polarization resistance, whereas inhibition performance efficiency (IPE) for friction stir processed (FSPed) AA7075-T651 was 63.99 % while the base metal – AA7075-T651 was taken as the reference point. It was also revealed that the hybridized coconut shell ash (CSA)/titanium-alloy powder on AA7075-T651 enhanced the structural integrity, producing 38.5 nm crystallite size over friction stir processing (FSP) AA7075-T651 with 41.2 nm and the base metal with 48.7 nm crystallite size.     

Electrochemical Properties of MNZh 5-1 Alloy in an Inhibited Washing Solution Based on Acetic and Nitric Acids

We use the method of weight, polarization, and impedance tests for studying the mechanism of protection using YuTE-6, YuTE-7, YuTE-8A, YuTe-8B, and USK-4 inhibitors of acid corrosion in washing solutions based on acetic and nitric acids aimed at removal of deposits from the surface of condenser pipes made of MNZh 5-1 alloy at a temperature of 60°C. We show that the inhibitors retard the cathodic and anodic reactions and lead to a decrease in anodic dissolution. They form a chemisorption film on the surface resistant in the range of corrosion potentials. The vulnerability Z is equal to 92–96%, which is greater than that of benzotriazole (Z = 80%) widely used for this purpose. The proposed inhibitors can be used for the efficient removal of deposits from condenser pipes made of MNZh 5-1 alloy.     

模拟沿海大气环境下铝合金搭接件电偶腐蚀行为研究

铝合金搭接结构材料2A12与螺栓材料ML30CrMnSiA因存在电位差,在沿海潮湿的大气环境中服役时会发生电偶腐蚀。采用自制实验装置模拟沿海大气环境,通过电化学极化曲线测试法分别测量铝合金材料和螺栓材料在0.5mm厚液膜下的边界值,运用数值仿真软件BEASY对搭接件表面偶合后的电位、电流密度分布及腐蚀速率进行模拟计算。研究结果表明,铝合金板2A12与螺栓搭接后作为偶对阳极电位正移:与螺栓直接接触的位置,阳极极化程度最高,电偶腐蚀速率最大;随与螺栓距离增大,铝合金板的电偶腐蚀速率向两侧递减。     

阴树脂粉末对换流站阀冷系统6063铝合金腐蚀的影响

为了研究UP6150阴树脂粉末对阀冷系统6063铝合金腐蚀的影响,在(50±1)℃下通电(10 m A直流电流)与不通电情况下进行了6063铝合金浸泡腐蚀试验,200 m L去离子水中加0,6,10 g阴树脂粉末,将6063铝合金浸泡不同天数测定试样腐蚀速率,分析了表面形貌及溶液中离子含量,并进行相关的电化学测试。结果表明:在通电与不通电的情况下,阴树脂粉末均加速6063铝合金腐蚀,阴树脂粉末浓度越大,腐蚀越严重; 50℃时阴树脂粉末分解,生成腐蚀性离子,加速了铝合金的腐蚀;腐蚀产物中含有大量的C、O、Al,还含有少量的N,表明阴树脂分解产物参与腐蚀过程,生成Al N(Al N-R),对铝合金造成腐蚀; 6063铝合金在阴树脂粉末溶液中自腐蚀电位负移,自腐蚀电流密度增大。     

电极极化对铝合金应力腐蚀断裂敏感性的影响

为了探讨极化对铝合金应力腐蚀断裂(SCC)敏感性的影响,采用慢应变速率拉伸技术研究了不同恒电位极化条件下7075T6,7075T7351,7075RRA铝合金的应力腐蚀行为.结果表明,在-1 200～-735 mV(vs SCE)电位范围内,无论是阳极极化还是阴极极化,甚至弱极化,都会增加7075铝合金在3.5% NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀断裂敏感性,无论哪一种热处理状态的7075铝合金在极化电位下的ISSRT均明显高于腐蚀电位下的ISSRT.同时,有阴极极化时ISSRT值随电极极化增强而减小,阳极极化时ISSRT 值有随电极极化增强而增大的趋势.但不同热处理状态的7075铝合金受极化电位的影响程度不同.由此认为,阳极溶解和氢效应都是导致7075铝合金应力腐蚀开裂的重要因素,电化学保护方法并不适用于7075铝合金应力腐蚀断裂的防护.     

Deposition and corrosion behavior of silicate conversion coatings on aluminum alloy 2024

Potassium silicate was deposited on AA2024 aluminum alloy as environmentally friendly conversion coatings and its corrosion behavior were examined by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization and surfaces techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization curves show significant decrease in corrosion current density of silicate coated aluminum in NaCl solution. The corrosion resistance was increased with increasing silicate concentration of coating baths. The results indicated that the coating applied from 3 molar silicate baths is more uniform and continuous. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy discharge spectroscopy (EDS) spectra confirm the existence of silicate film on the AA2024 surface. The coating performance was evaluated in acidic and basic NaCl solution and the results show the stability of silicate conversion coating in these solutions.     

Effect of ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid on the corrosion of aluminum in chloride solutions

The potetiondynamic and chronoamperometric methods are used to study the influence of the concentration of ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in a 0.1 M NaCl solution with different pH values on the corrosion of aluminum. The electrochemical parameters are obtained from the volt-ampere characteristics. As compared with noninhibited solutions, the corrosion of aluminum is accelerated in NaCl solutions with pH 9, 10, and 11 and high concentrations of EDTA. At the same time, for the concentration of EDTA equal to 10^–4 M, the corrosion of aluminum becomes slower. Published in Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 98–102, November–December, 2008.