基于进化蒙特卡洛方法的特征选择在机械故障诊断中的应用

特征选择可以从原始特征集中去除冗余特征,选择出优化特征子集,提高机械故障诊断精度和诊断效率。将进化蒙特卡洛方法引入机械故障诊断的特征选择。应用支持向量机(SVM)作为故障决策器,采用Wrapper式特征子集评价标准,并采用进化蒙特卡洛算法搜索最优特征子集。运用滚动轴承故障振动信号数据对提出的方法进行验证,实验结果表明该方法是有效的。     

MRI brain image classification—a hybrid approach

The present article proposes a novel computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) technique for the classification of the magnetic resonance brain images. The current method adopt color converted hybrid clustering segmentation algorithm with hybrid feature selection approach based on IGSFFS (Information gain and Sequential Forward Floating Search) and Multi‐Class Support Vector Machine (MC‐SVM) classifier technique to segregate the magnetic resonance brain images into three categories namely normal, benign and malignant. The proposed hybrid evolutionary segmentation algorithm which is the combination of WFF(weighted firefly) and K‐means algorithm called WFF‐K‐means and modified cuckoo search (MCS) and K‐means algorithm called MCS‐K‐means, which can find better cluster partition in brain tumor datasets and also overcome local optima problems in K‐means clustering algorithm. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than other algorithms such as PSO‐K‐means, color converted K‐means, FCM and other traditional approaches. The multiple feature set comprises color, texture and shape features derived from the segmented image. These features are then fed into a MC‐SVM classifier with hybrid feature selection algorithm, trained with data labeled by experts, enabling the detection of brain images at high accuracy levels. The performance of the method is evaluated using classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The proposed method provides highest classification accuracy of greater than 98% with high sensitivity and specificity rates of greater than 95% for the proposed diagnostic model and this shows the promise of the approach. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 25, 226–244, 2015     

层次型支持向量机人脸检测器

大量的数值实验表明，在非线性支持向量机中，核函数的选取对支持向量机性能的影响很大。核函数的选择一直是一个难题。本文利用遗传算法的全局优化能力比较并分析了多项式核函数和高斯核函数的检测正确率和支持向量个数两项指标，提出了一种层次型支持向量机人脸检测器。实验结果证明，本文的方法确实取得了较好的效果。     

无人机电子稳像技术中角点检测算法的改进

无人机航空遥感电子稳像系统中,稳像的关键技术之一是影像特征点的选取,其中图像角点是遥感影像中重要的特征信息,准确地选取角点可提高图像处理的精度。然而现有的图像角点检测算法多因计算速度慢不能满足视频图像数字稳像的实时性。因此提出了一种基TSUSAN角点检测算法的改进算法。新算法分析了影像中角点所在区域的灰度变化特征,改进了SUSAN角点检测算法中的判断准则,提高了算法的精度和速度。实验结果表明,改进的算法可较大幅度的提高运算速度,满足稳像技术对视频图像实时处理的要求。     

融合目标检测与距离阈值模型的露天矿行车障碍预警

针对当前行车预警方法无法适应露天矿非结构化道路问题,本文提出一种融合目标检测和障碍距离阈值的预警方法。首先根据露天矿障碍特点改进原有的Mask R-CNN检测框架,在骨架网络中引入扩张卷积,在不缩小特征图的情况下扩大感受野范围保证较大目标的检测精度。然后,根据目标检测结果构建线性距离因子,表征障碍物在输入图像中的深度信息,并建立SVM预警模型。最后为了保证预警模型的泛化能力采用迁移学习的方法,在COCO数据集中对网络进行预训练,在文中实地采集的数据集中训练C5阶段和检测层。实验结果表明,本文方法在实地数据检测中精确率达到98.47%,召回率为97.56%,人工设计的线性距离因子对SVM预警模型有良好的适应性。     

基于梯度直方图与密度度量模型的图像伪造检测算法

目的为了解决当前图像伪造检测算法在内容识别过程中易丢失色彩信息而导致不理想的检测精度与鲁棒性等问题,提出基于梯度直方图耦合密度度量模型的图像伪造检测算法。方法首先引入RGB彩色图像映射模型,求取图像的颜色不变量。将图像的颜色不变量作为输入量,利用算法检测图像的特征点。然后以特征点为中心构造四级窗口,通过求取窗口内梯度累加值,形成低维度的特征描述符,并利用特征点对应的梯度直方图构造相似性度量模型进行特征点匹配。最后借助欧式距离,构造密度度量模型,对特征点进行归类,以完成伪造检测。结果仿真实验表明,与当前图像伪造检测算法相比,所提算法具有更高的检测正确度,高达99.6%。结论所提算法具有较高的伪造检测精度与鲁棒性,在图像信息、包装印刷等领域具有良好的应用价值。     

基于最近邻搜索耦合近邻损耗聚类的图像伪造检测算法

目的为了解决当前图像伪造检测算法在对图像进行伪造检测时,主要依靠全局搜索的方式来完成特征点匹配,导致其检测效率较低,且在对复杂伪造图像进行检测时,易出现检测精度不高和检测错误的不足。方法提出基于最近邻搜索耦合近邻损耗聚类的图像伪造检测算法。首先引入积分图像的方法,对图像进行预处理,借助Hessian矩阵行列式来提取特征点。利用特征点构建圆形区域,通过求取圆形区域内Haar小波响应获取特征点的特征描述符。然后通过特征描述符建立KD树索引,利用最近邻搜索方法代替SURF中全局搜索的方法,对SURF进行改进,完成特征点的匹配。最后,利用特征点间的近邻关系求取近邻函数值,通过近邻函数值对特征点进行聚类,完成图像的伪造检测。结果实验结果显示,与当前图像伪造检测算法相比,所提算法具有更高的检测效率以及更高的检测正确度。结论所提算法具备较高的检测精度,在印刷防伪与信息安全等领域具有较好的应用价值。     

基于SVM的高通量dPCR基因芯片荧光图像分类研究

目的 为了实现高通量dPCR基因芯片荧光图像的亮点分类与计数,提出一种基于支持向量机（SVM）的荧光图像分类与计数方法。方法 首先对荧光图像进行去噪、对比度增强等图像预处理,对预处理后荧光图像进行亮点区域提取标注,去除背景与暗点的冗余信息,利用方向梯度直方图（Histogram of Oriented Gradient, HOG）提取鉴别特征,计算合并所有样本的亮点特征得到HOG特征向量,根据已得到的HOG特征向量创建一个线性SVM分类器,利用训练好的SVM分类器对荧光图像亮点进行分类与计数。结果 对比传统算法,文中算法具有较高的分类识别精度,平均准确率高达98%以上,可以很好地实现荧光图像亮点分类与计数。结论 在有限的小样本标注数据下,文中算法具有良好的分类性能,能够有效识别荧光图像中的亮点,对其他荧光图像分类研究也具有一定参考价值。     

基于SVM RFE的人脸特征选择方法

提出一种新的基于SVM RFE（Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination）的人脸特征选择方法。该方法将权重矢量和半径／间隔作为SVM RFE的特征选择标准，采用缩放因子梯度算法优化特征搜索。基于该方法构建了一种实用、有效的人脸特征提取、选择及识别框架，并在UMIST人脸数据库上进行了验证实验。对特征选择前后的分类能力及速度进行了分析比较，结果表明，该方法是一种实用、有效的人脸特征选择方法，可以在特征维数为80左右时，达到94．62％的分类识别率。     

基于机器视觉的VVT发动机转子缺陷检测系统设计

针对目前工业生产线上的VVT（variable valve timing,可变气门正时）发动机转子存在尺寸误差和外观缺陷等问题,大多数工厂采用人工方式来测量尺寸和检测缺陷,但人工测量和检测的精度易受外部环境和主观意识的影响,从而产生过检和漏检。为此,设计了一种基于机器视觉的VVT发动机转子缺陷检测系统。首先,针对VVT发动机转子凸台外边缘磕碰点对外径测量的干扰,提出一种基于梯度特征和位置序列的磕碰点检测算法,先通过分析轮廓点的距离-位置序列、梯度-位置序列曲线来筛选并去除凸台外边缘的磕碰点,再采用最小二乘法对筛选后的轮廓点进行圆弧拟合以实现外径测量。然后,针对VVT发动机转子端面上的划痕、划伤等缺陷,提出一种基于改进HOG（histogram of oriented gradient,方向梯度直方图）特征的SVM（support vector machines,支持向量机）分类算法,先采用连通域分析方法得到待检测的目标区域,再提取目标区域的改进HOG特征,并利用SVM进行分类,以实现端面缺陷的检测。实验结果表明,所设计的缺陷检测系统在测量VVT发动机转子外径时的绝对精度可达到0.01 mm,且能够准确地筛选出凸台外边缘的磕碰点;因改进的HOG特征优于传统的HOG特征,所设计的缺陷检测系统在检测转子端面缺陷时具有较低的过检率和漏检率。综上可知,基于机器视觉的VVT发动机转子缺陷检测系统可实现外径的精确测量和外观缺陷的有效检测,基本满足工业检测要求,具有较高的实用价值。     

齿轮传动系统损伤检测与多故障分类研究

研究了数据挖掘的支持向量机的智能故障检测与诊断方法。通过对齿轮系统在不同的运转状态下的工作状况进行试验测试分析,获取了有关的测试信号,并对不同的故障振动特征信号进行了特征提取与分析研究。在此基础上将支持向量机引入到齿轮传动的损伤检测与诊断之中,建立了两分类和多分类分类器,研究了支持向量机的两分类和多类分类算法。通过分析处理、训练和测试仿真数据以及齿轮振动特征信号,对齿轮系统在各种不同转速下不同故障进行了预测、分类和诊断。研究表明, 支持向量机能够很好的区分不同运转状况下各种典型齿轮损伤与故障,低转速下识别率更高,为95%,特别是对各种复合类故障具有较高的识别精度、识别率在81%以上。它在齿轮故障诊断中具有较好诊断识别能力与发展前景,是一种有效地损伤检测与诊断新方法。     

Harris算子耦合强度特征的图像复制-粘贴篡改检测算法

目的针对当前较多图像复制-粘贴篡改检测算法主要依靠度量图像的结构特征来实现篡改检测,忽略了图像的强度特征,使其在各种几何变换下难以准确检测出伪造内容,导致检测结果中存在漏检和误检等问题,设计一种基于Harris算子耦合强度特征的图像复制-粘贴篡改检测算法。方法利用Harris算子对图像的特征点进行精确的提取。通过特征点构造圆形特征区域,求取该区域的Zernike矩,通过Zernike矩的大小实现对特征点的描述。随后,利用不同阶数的Zernike矩来描述图像的强度特征和纹理特征,从而构造匹配模型,对图像特征进行粗匹配,并引入RANSAC方法对粗匹配结果进行优化。最后,利用形态学腐蚀与膨胀操作将特征区域进行连通,以确定篡改区域。结果实验结果表明,与已有的图像伪造检测方案相比,所提算法具备更高的检测精度和鲁棒性,在噪声和旋转等变换下仍有更好的检测效果。结论所提技术拥有较高的伪造检测准确性,在图像水印、信息安全领域具有一定的参考价值。     

Robust multi-planar region detection for image mosaic based on hierarchical clustering mechanism

Abstract

Planar structures exist widely in the images of various scenes, and the detection of planar regions is important in many applications related to computer vision, such as image mosaic and three-dimensional reconstruction. In this paper, a robust detection method for multi-planar regions is proposed. After the feature point pairs are extracted, their preference vectors are generated in similar conceptual space. By introducing the shared nearest neighbour in clustering procedure, the feature point pairs with smaller Jaccard distance and more shared nearest neighbours simultaneously are clustered into the same planar region. Because the relationship between the feature point pairs is considered, the accuracy of the inlier probability is high. Our method can detect multi-planar regions correctly without pre-determining the number of regions, and the corresponding clustered feature point pairs can be easily utilised for image mosaic. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

支持向量机集成和特征选择联合算法

提出了两种基于支持向量机集成和特征选择联合算法。联合算法的核心思想是在构建基础分类器的同时选择有效特征。通过对实测舰船数据和公共数据的识别实验,证明了两种算法都可以用于舰船目标识别。算法一更适用于冗余特征较多的情况。算法二在对舰船目标识别时,选择的特征数目降低为原来特征数目的30%,正确分类率比单个支持向量机高近10%。     

一种用于风机故障诊断的免疫克隆特征选择算法

提出一种新的用于风机故障诊断的免疫克隆特征选择算法.提取了生产线上实测风机噪声的时域波形结构特征、小波分析特征及听觉谱特征,进行特征选择和故障诊断仿真实验.实验结果表明：在特征选择后的特征数目比原特征数目减少61% 的情况下,支持向量机分类器的分类正确率下降很小,分类时间显著减少.实验结果证明了该算法的有效性和鲁棒性,且能有效地应用于风机故障诊断.     

Automatic diagnosis of ureteral stone and degree of hydronephrosis with proposed convolutional neural network,RelieF, and gradient-weighted class activation mapping based deep hybrid model

Urinary system stone disease is a common disease group all over the world. Ureteral stones constitute 20% of all urinary system stones. Ureteral stones are important because they can cause hydronephrosis and related renal parenchymal damage in the kidneys. In the study, a hybrid model was developed to detect hydronephrosis and ureteral stones from kidney images. In the developed model, heat maps of the original images were obtained by using gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) technology. Then, feature maps were extracted from both the original and heatmap datasets using the Efficientnetb0 architecture. Extracted feature maps were concatenated using a multimodal fusion technique. In this way, different features of an image are obtained. This has a positive effect on the performance of the model. The Relief dimension reduction technique was used to eliminate unnecessary features in the obtained feature map so that the proposed model can work faster and more effectively. Finally, the optimized feature map is classified in the support vector machine (SVM) classifier. To compare the performance of the proposed hybrid model, results were obtained with 8 state-of-the-art models accepted in the literature. Among these models, the highest accuracy value was achieved in the Efficientnetb0 architecture with 67.98%, whereas the accuracy of the proposed hybrid model was 91.1%. This value indicates that the proposed model can be used for HUN diagnosis.     

Feature selection and fault‐severity classification–based machine health assessment methodology for point machine sliding‐chair degradation

In this paper, we propose an offline and online machine health assessment (MHA) methodology composed of feature extraction and selection, segmentation‐based fault severity evaluation, and classification steps. In the offline phase, the best representative feature of degradation is selected by a new filter‐based feature selection approach. The selected feature is further segmented by utilizing the bottom‐up time series segmentation to discriminate machine health states, ie, degradation levels. Then, the health state fault severity is extracted by a proposed segment evaluation approach based on within segment rate‐of‐change (RoC) and coefficient of variation (CV) statistics. To train supervised classifiers, a priori knowledge about the availability of the labeled data set is needed. To overcome this limitation, the health state fault‐severity information is used to label (eg, healthy, minor, medium, and severe) unlabeled raw condition monitoring (CM) data. In the online phase, the fault‐severity classification is carried out by kernel‐based support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Next to SVM, the k‐nearest neighbor (KNN) is also used in comparative analysis on the fault severity classification problem. Supervised classifiers are trained in the offline phase and tested in the online phase. Unlike to traditional supervised approaches, this proposed method does not require any a priori knowledge about the availability of the labeled data set. The proposed methodology is validated on infield point machine sliding‐chair degradation data to illustrate its effectiveness and applicability. The results show that the time series segmentation‐based failure severity detection and SVM‐based classification are promising.     

基于滑动平均与相关向量机的齿轮早期故障智能诊断

早期故障及时检测与预防维护具有很大的经济与安全意义,提出一种基于相关向量机(RVM)的智能故障诊断方法用于检测齿轮早期故障。首先,小波包变换与Fisher准则结合,自动确定最优分解层次,并在小波包树节点能量中提取出具有最大分类能力的全局最优特征;其次,RVM用于训练故障诊断模型;最后,在线监控过程中,对连续监测的特征值做滑动平均滤波,再输入到故障诊断模型。实验表明,该方法具有很高的分类精度,RVM模型比SVM模型更适合在线故障监测。     

基于图像序列的运动目标检测识别的关键技术研究

为提高运动目标检测的识别效果,通过分析、综合比较各种运动目标检测算法的优劣性,提出了基于全局自适应帧差法和基于码本模型的背景减除法对同一运动目标进行检测。通过对运动目标检测提取运动目标的掩膜,对掩膜进行外接矩形分析,从而得到包围运动目标的矩形框;将矩形框内的图片截取出来,调整该矩形并提取图片的HOG特征,最后通过训练好的SVM进行分类。在训练过程中,针对难易情况应用自举法对训练器进行优化。实验表明,与传统HOG+SVM多尺度检测算法相比,该方法在速度和准确性上可提升20%左右,可作为运动目标检测与识别的参考方法。     

A new approach to simulate characterization of particulate matter employing support vector machines

This paper, for the first time, applies the support vector machines (SVMs) paradigm to identify the optimal segmentation algorithm for physical characterization of particulate matter. Size of the particles is an essential component of physical characterization as larger particles get filtered through nose and throat while smaller particles have detrimental effect on human health. Typical particulate characterization processes involve image reading, preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and representation. Of these various steps, knowledge based selection of optimal image segmentation algorithm (from existing segmentation algorithms) is the key for accurately analyzing the captured images of fine particulate matter. Motivated by the emerging machine-learning concepts, we present a new framework for automating the selection of optimal image segmentation algorithm employing SVMs trained and validated with image feature data. Results show that the SVM method accurately predicts the best segmentation algorithm. As well, an image processing algorithm based on Sobel edge detection is developed and illustrated.