POM/PEO共混物中PEO对POM非等温结晶的影响

利用DMA和DSC考察了POM/PEO共混物的相容性及PEO对POM非等温结晶的影响。结果表明,POM/PEO共混物只有一个玻璃化转变温度(Tg),与组分的关系符合Fox方程,POM与PEO在无定形态相容,PEO抑制了POM成核,降低了POM的结晶速度和共混物中POM的相对结晶度。PEO含量较高时POM结晶温度下降。     

纳米碳酸钙增容PVC/LDPE共混体系的研究

采用经过表面处理的纳米碳酸钙作为相容剂,制备了PVC/LDPE/纳米碳酸钙的共混物,对其进行了DSC、DMA测试,并用相差显微镜观察了共混物的形态.研究结果表明,纳米碳酸钙的加入影响了共混物中LDPE的结晶性能,降低了PVC的玻璃化转变温度,减小了分散相尺寸.说明纳米碳酸钙能有效地提高PVC/LDPE的相容性.     

相容剂增容聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/聚乳酸共混物的制备及结晶性能与热性能

分别通过扫描电镜(SEM)、差式扫描量热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)、核磁共振及红外光谱等研究相容剂种类、含量及聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/聚乳酸(PLA)配比对PET/PLA共混物的断面形貌、结晶形态及热性能等的影响。SEM和DSC结果表明,相容剂乳酸/丁二醇共聚物(PLLA-g-BDO)及用量对PET/PLA共混物的界面相容影响较大。与未加相容剂比,相容剂使界面从清晰过渡到模糊,界面处未见明显团聚颗粒;相容剂用量为8%时,DSC曲线上仅出现1个熔融峰。DSC和XRD表明,相容剂的引入降低了共混物的结晶度,冷结晶和热结晶过程中分别结晶,结晶的温度范围较宽,热结晶的结晶度大于冷结晶。冷结晶时,柔性链的PLA先结晶,PET后结晶;热结晶时,结晶温度较大组分PET先结晶,PLA后结晶。TG分析表明PET/PLA配比是材料热稳定性的必要条件。     

相容剂增容聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/聚乳酸共混物的制备及结晶性能与热性能EI北大核心CSCD

分别通过扫描电镜(SEM)、差式扫描量热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)、核磁共振及红外光谱等研究相容剂种类、含量及聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/聚乳酸(PLA)配比对PET/PLA共混物的断面形貌、结晶形态及热性能等的影响。SEM和DSC结果表明,相容剂乳酸/丁二醇共聚物(PLLA-g-BDO)及用量对PET/PLA共混物的界面相容影响较大。与未加相容剂比,相容剂使界面从清晰过渡到模糊,界面处未见明显团聚颗粒;相容剂用量为8%时,DSC曲线上仅出现1个熔融峰。DSC和XRD表明,相容剂的引入降低了共混物的结晶度,冷结晶和热结晶过程中分别结晶,结晶的温度范围较宽,热结晶的结晶度大于冷结晶。冷结晶时,柔性链的PLA先结晶,PET后结晶;热结晶时,结晶温度较大组分PET先结晶,PLA后结晶。TG分析表明PET/PLA配比是材料热稳定性的必要条件。     

PET/PEN共混物的结晶与冷结晶性能及其机理

采用双螺杆熔融挤出法制备了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/聚2,6-萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)共混材料,利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了不同质量比的PET/PEN共混物的熔融与结晶性能。研究结果表明,PET/PEN共混物为部分相容的两相结构。在PET和PEN等质量共混时,可能形成部分相容且彼此交叠的两个连续相。冷却过程中两共混组分既各自形成结晶,又存在一定的共结晶。PET和PEN分子及其链段间互相缠绕和相互作用干扰大分子的结晶过程,导致冷却(降温)过程中结晶不完善和结晶度降低。PET/PEN共混物与PET和PEN一样,具有明显的冷结晶倾向。     

不同因素对聚碳酸酯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯共混物的性能影响研究

通过挤出和注塑制备聚碳酸酯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PC/PET)共混物，探究成核剂对PC/PET共混物的结晶形态、热行为、形貌及力学性能的影响。此外，对相容剂添加量和PC/PET质量配比等变量也做了性能影响分析。最佳条件为：相容剂添加0.5%、PC/PET=3/7、成核剂TiO₂添加1%。适量粒径均匀、细小的TiO₂作为成核剂能很好地分散在PC/PET基体内，得到的PC/PET共混物形貌平整光滑，拉伸强度、弹性模量及冲击强度分别为40.5MPa、7654.0N/mm²及14.3J/m,在DSC曲线上出现明显的冷、热结晶峰，热结晶的结晶温度均高于冷结晶，且DMA结果显示成核剂的加入使玻璃化转变温度降低，不相容PC相和PET相的T_g不断靠近。     

HIPS-g-MA共聚物对HIPS/PC共混物相容性、形态和拉伸性能的影响

研究了HIPS／PC共混物的相容性及HIPS－MA对HIPS（30）／PC（70）共混物的相容性、形态和拉伸性能的影响。DSC研究结果表明，HIPS／PC共混物中PS的玻璃化转变温度（Tg)不随组成而变化，而PC的Tg随其质量分数的降低逐渐向低温移动，说明HIPS／PC是部分相容体系。通过DSC、扫描电镜形态观察和拉伸性能测试结果发现，当HIPS－g-MA的含量低于7．5％时，共混物的相容性改善不明显，当其含量达到7．5％时，对共混物有明显的乳化作用，说明饱和的界面浓度在7．5％左右。HIPS－g-MA接枝共聚物在HIPS（30）／PC（70）共混物中的增容作用可能是酯交换反应原位生成的嵌段共聚物所致。     

透明耐热聚乳酸共混材料的制备与性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备聚乳酸(PLLA)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)透明共混材料.DSC测试结果表明,共混材料只出现一个玻璃化转变温度,说明PLLA/PMMA共混材料在宏观上不发生相分离.力学性能研究发现,PLLA/PMMA共混材料的弯曲强度、抗冲击强度和拉伸强度均优于纯PLLA及纯PM-MA.Avrami指数表明,PM...     

原位交联改性PP/POE共混物的等温结晶行为

采用热塑性聚烯烃弹性体(POE)作为增韧材料,以过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为交联剂制备了PP/POE共混物。利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和偏光显微镜(PLM)研究了PP/POE共混物等温结晶行为,并用Avrami方程分析了PP/POE共混物结晶动力学。结果表明,POE的加入能起到异相成核的作用,加快了PP的结晶成核速率。Avrami指数在1.93～3.09,DCP的引入对聚丙烯(PP)的成核与生长机理影响不大,但其原位交联作用阻碍了PP分子链的运动,使得PP结晶速率降低,结晶时间延长。     

金属玻璃热力学特征温度的表征方法

采用DSC,DIL和DMA法分别表征了Zr₆₀Cu₂₈Al₁₂和Zr_63.78Cu_14.72Ni₁₀Al₁₀Nb_1.5两种金属玻璃的热力学特征温度。结果表明：采用这3种测试方法都能有效界定金属玻璃的玻璃化转变和结晶过程;DSC和DMA法表征玻璃化转变过程比DIL法更敏感;用DSC法的转变中点、DIL法的拐点及DMA法的起始点表征金属玻璃的玻璃化转变温度所得结果相当;DSC和DIL法都能有效分离多重结晶过程,DSC法表征的结晶温度比DIL法低,而DMA法较难分辨多重结晶过程,表征的结晶温度最低。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.