化学键参数和原子半径差与BMG合金的GFA关系

综合大块金属玻璃(BMG)的研究成果,用加权平均原则计算大块金属玻璃的原子半径差比率Δd、原子电负性差比率Δe以及离子率v三个物理参数,以大块金属玻璃的玻璃形成的临界冷却速度Rc作为合金非晶形成能力(GFA)的参数,用Origin 软件分别对上述三个物理参量与Rc的关系进行统计处理时发现: Δd,Δe,及v与BMG的GFA的关系出现极小值现象,不同合金体系极小值的位置不同;玻璃形成能力强的合金体系,其各个组元的原子百分含量、组元原子之间的半径差以及电负性差三者之间的搭配是和谐的.金属玻璃合金的最优成分范围以及各种添加元素的最佳添加量现象可能与这三个物理参量与Rc之间的极小值现象有关.     

大块非晶形成合金液体的热物理性能与玻璃形成能力

大块非晶合金由于其优异的性能而成的具有很大潜力的新材料，而合金的玻璃形成能力（GFA）的大小是能否获得大块非晶合金的根本所在。因此研究合金的玻璃形成能力成为材料科学领域重要的研究课题。本文从液体热物理性能出发，结合在这些方面所做的研究工作对大块非晶形成合金液体的玻璃形成能力做了一些探讨，希望对大块非晶合的研究有所裨益。     

块体非晶合金玻璃形成能力的新判据

基于合金熔体的液相稳定性和抗晶化能力分析,提出了一个评估非晶合金玻璃形成能力(GFA)的新判据:ω=Tg/Tx-2Tg/(Tg+Tl),其中,Tg为玻璃转变温度,Tx为晶化开始温度,Tl为液相线温度。利用报道的金属玻璃实验数据对ω、Trg(=Tg/Tl)、ΔTx(=Tx-Tg)、γ(=Tx/(Tg+Tl))、γm(=(2Tx-Tg)/Tl)、α(=Tx/Tl)、β(=(Tx/Tg+Tg/Tl)、δ(=Tx/(Tl-Tg)、φ(=Trg(ΔTx/Tg)0.143)和2β(=Tx×Tg/(Tl-Tx)2)判据与GFA相关性进行了统计分析。结果表明:ω与临界冷却速率(Rc),1/ω与形成非晶的最大直径(Dmax)都具有最强的线性相关性。     

块体镁基非晶合金及其复合材料研究的新进展

介绍了块体镁基非晶合金及其复合材料的最新研究进展,并简要分析和总结了镁基非晶合金在成分选择和玻璃形成能力(GFA)判据上的新成果,最后针对镁基非晶合金本身存在的问题提出了今后的研究方向建议。     

基于动力学的大块金属玻璃形成能力研究

快速判定大块金属玻璃（BMG）的玻璃形成能力（GFA）是开发新型BMG的关键。基于加和性原则，用动力学理论解释了约化玻璃转变温度Trg作为合金玻璃形成能力的可行性和局限性，为制备非晶合金提供了理论依据，合金能形成BMG的最低Trg为0.4066，同时找到了玻璃形成能力最佳的两个理论约化玻璃温度，即Trg=1和Trg=0；提出了判定GFA大小及其稳定性的两个新的参量摩尔熔化热ΔHmg和稳定性CPS，并用它计算了BMG合金系的GFA大小及其稳定性，BMG的GFA大小顺序与井上明久（Inoue）的排列顺序吻合     

具有极大玻璃形成能力的多元大块非晶合金的研究进展

近十年来,一系列具有极大玻璃形成能力,极低的临界冷却速度的大块非晶合金相继被发现,各种新研制出的大块非晶合金有两个共同的特征：（１）具有多元合金成分;（２）具有较大的过冷液相区范围。本文综合评述了大块非晶合金的研究进展,最新成果,着重讨论了多元合金的玻璃形成能力及其改善途径。     

非晶合金的形成机理及其形成能力的研究

概述了现有非晶合金的种类,并从合金的热力学、动力学和结构3个方面阐述了合金的非晶形成机理,同时全面总结和探讨了表征合金非晶形成能力的各种参数,主要包括Inoue经验规律、△H(熔化焓)、△S(熔化熵)、过冷液体温度区间△Tx(△Tx=Tx=Tg)、约化玻璃转变温度Trg(Trg=Tg/Tm)、粘度(η)、αβ1/3、临界冷却速度(Rc)、非晶晶化开始温度(Tx)与合金开始熔化温度(Tm)之比(Tx/Tm)、合金开始熔化温度(Tm)与玻璃转变温度(Tg)或非晶晶化开始温度(Tx)之差△Tm(△Tm=Tm-Tg或△Tm=Tm-Tx)、电子浓度e/a、原子尺寸、重力等.     

大块非晶合金的形成能力

通过对Ｚｒ、Ｌａ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｔｉ、Ｎｄ基合金系中Ｔｒｇ、ΔＴｘ、Ｓ、Ｊ、Ｋｇｌ五个参数与临界冷却速率Ｒｃ之间关系的讨论来预测这些新型大块非晶形成合金的玻璃形成能力（ＧＦＡ）;结果发现参数Ｔｒｇ、Ｊ不能有效地反映这些合金系的ＧＦＡ,而参数ΔＴｘ、Ｓ、Ｋｇｌ较好地代表了这些大块非晶形成合金的ＧＦＡ。又由于Ｓ、Ｋｇｌ与ΔＴｘ成正比,所以将参数ΔＴｘ作为这些大块非晶形成合金ＧＦＡ最合适的判据;最后初步探讨了形成大ＧＦＡ的原因     

Mg-Cu-Y基大块金属玻璃的研究进展

综述了近几年来Mg-Cu-Y基大块金属玻璃在玻璃形成能力和性能上的研究进展,阐述了各种合金化元素对提高玻璃形成能力和性能的作用机理,并提出了Mg-Cu-Y基多元非晶合金成分的选择依据.最后分析了Mg基大块金属玻璃目前存在的问题,并就以后Mg基非晶合金的发展动向进行了展望.     

Zr基块体非晶合金玻璃形成能力与压铸成型性能研究

本文分析了熔体温度、铸造压力和化学成分对非晶合金玻璃形成能力(GFA)与压铸成型性能的影响,并探究两种性能的工艺关联。研究发现:随熔体温度升高,Zr基非晶合金GFA先提高后减小,且合金成分不同,熔体化学成分,局域原子团簇特征和合金实际冷却速率就不同,非晶合金GFA与玻璃稳定性也就存在差异。非晶合金的压铸成型能力随熔体温度和铸造压力升高不断提高,但与GFA存在相互限制的作用:当合金GFA较强时,熔体内原子堆垛密实,粘滞系数较高严重阻碍过冷液流动成形,且玻璃稳定性越好压铸成型性能越差;而当熔体温度过高,非晶合金GFA减弱,过冷液粘度降低时,才能快速提高非晶合金的压铸成型性能。因此,选择最佳的合金成分、优化工艺参数有利于非晶精密结构件成型。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.