陶瓷在口腔修复中的应用

陶瓷修复体质地致密,耐磨,表面光洁,菌斑不易附着,有良好的生物相容性,使用安全,是最常用的口腔修复材料,发展迅速.从材料学角度介绍了口腔修复中不同类型陶瓷的应用及增加陶瓷材料强度的方法,以提高陶瓷修复体的质量,促进全瓷修复体的运用与普及.     

牙科陶瓷材料的摩擦学性能研究进展

陶瓷材料因其优异的耐磨性、化学稳定性、生物相容性和美观性被广泛用于牙齿缺损和缺失修复。本文首先介绍了牙科陶瓷材料的化学成分、微观结构和力学性能,基于陶瓷材料的磨损与磨蚀机制,归纳总结了牙科陶瓷材料摩擦学性能优化方面所取得的进展,指出陶瓷材料和天然人牙摩擦学性能失配严重制约了陶瓷修复体的临床应用,进而从室验介质、对摩副以及载荷、位移和循环次数等方面分析汇总牙科陶瓷材料摩擦学性能的体外测试方法。最后,从仿生摩擦学角度探讨了牙科陶瓷材料的未来发展趋势,并指出研制仿生陶瓷基复合材料是解决陶瓷修复体与天然人牙摩擦学性能失配难题最具潜力的策略。     

温度对氮化硅材料动态疲劳特性的影响

研究了一种Si3N4陶瓷材料在室温、800及1100℃条件下的动态疲劳特性．结果发现与ZrO2及玻璃陶瓷相似，在高应力速率区，仍出现断裂应力随应力速率的提高而迅速下降的现象。同时应力腐蚀指数n随温度的升高而下降．通过断口分析，表明Si3N4陶瓷材料高温动态疲劳失效主要是由于晶间玻璃相软化流动造成的．     

生物陶瓷材料的疲劳寿命预测

采用断裂力学中的四点弯曲试验法,研究并预测了氧化铝和氧化锆陶瓷材料在大气和水环境中的循环疲劳破坏特性.结果表明,在相同的应力条件下,氧化铝和氧化锆陶瓷材料,尤其是氧化锆陶瓷,在水环境中的疲劳寿命比大气中的低.通过将预测结果与实验结果比较和对人造股关节的应用,验证了这种疲劳寿命预测方法的有效性和适用性.     

精细陶瓷高温疲劳性能测试方法研究

对平面弯曲型的三点弯曲试样，采用共振法研究并测定了两类Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷的高温疲劳性能曲线。研究结果表明：所用陶瓷材料的高温疲劳数据位于两个极端；即：起始阶段就破断或超过指定寿命不破坏。经疲劳试验未破断的样品在高温下的弯曲强度明显地高于原邕样品的高温弯曲强度。     

陶瓷动态断裂韧性的研究

由于陶瓷材料在工程使用中所呈现的脆性问题日益引起人们的关注,脆性直接影响陶瓷材料的抗裂性能,目前由于有关陶瓷抗裂性能指标测量-断裂韧性的测量方法存在误差很大、可操作性不高等不足,已经影响和制约了陶瓷性能的研究和发展;本文基于陶瓷材料疲劳损伤三阶段理论,提出了陶瓷材料动态断裂韧性的概念,并通过实验测量出陶瓷材料在动态载荷作用下裂纹萌生之前的韧性变化过程,有效区别在相同烧结温度下堇青石、莫来石陶瓷的动态韧性的差异,为陶瓷材料的韧性测量提出了一种新方法。     

吸热陶瓷涂层的火焰喷涂及其耐磨行为

对在钢材表面采用的氧乙炔火焰喷涂这一新型吸热陶瓷材料的耐磨性能及耐磨机理进行了试验研究结果表明，该涂层具有较低的孔隙率、较高的硬度和抗压强度，以及良好的耐磨性。其磨损机理主要有塑性涂抹、磨粒磨损和疲劳剥落。     

陶瓷基复合材料疲劳特性的研究

应用相变增韧、相变-晶须复合及相变-颗粒复合三种方式来改善氧化铝陶瓷的力学性能,研究了陶瓷基复合材料的疲劳特性。 在循环压缩载荷作用下,陶瓷材料的应力集中处(如缺口)会产生垂直于压应力轴的疲劳裂纹,随循环周次的增加,裂纹的扩展由快到慢,最终完全停止。循环压缩疲劳裂纹的形成机理是较大的应力集中使材料内出现以微裂纹为主要形式的不可逆损伤,在随后的卸载过程中,不可逆损伤区产生很高的残余拉应力,使疲劳裂纹形核并逐渐扩展。 陶瓷材料在四点弯曲循环载荷作用下,疲劳裂纹具有较长的亚临界扩展过程。裂纹护展速率与循环载荷的最大应力强度因子K_(max)及应力强度因子幅度△K都有关,且随载荷频率的降低及载荷波形由三角波变为正弦波,裂纹扩展速率增加。陶瓷材料四点弯曲疲劳裂纹的亚临界扩展是材料内损伤逐渐累积的结果。疲劳过程中材料通过形成微裂纹及裂纹分叉、克服增强物的阻碍及裂纹表面的桥接与互锁作用、产生裂尖微区内的塑性变形及部分稳定ZrO_2的相变等方式来消耗能量,在材料内造成以微裂纹为主要形式的微观损伤,从而弱化了材料,使疲劳裂纹得以亚临界扩展。 陶瓷材料在1050℃高温下的强度约为其室温强度的一半。陶瓷材料的高温循环疲劳是高温静载效应与循环载荷效应的迭加,1050℃下,循     

几种CAD/CAM齿科全瓷修复陶瓷的磨粒磨损特性

CAD/CAM全瓷修复系统因高效率、高精度、方便性等特点在口腔修复中有着广泛的应用前景。与之配套的可切削陶瓷材料是该系统得以临床推广应用的基础,因此成为了生物材料研究的一项重要课题。本论文以80目的石英砂用MM200型摩擦磨损试验机对五种常用齿科全瓷修复材料进行了磨粒磨损试验,结合材料硬度和断裂韧性分析几种材料的磨损量,并用扫描电镜观察磨损表面形貌,对材料的磨损特性进行研究。结果表明:玻璃陶瓷(LDG)由于其脆性较大而具有较最高磨损量,磨损表面有裂纹,有明显的表面损伤;预烧结材料的磨损量小于长石质瓷,且表面形貌比长石质瓷更细致平整。     

结构陶瓷的高温疲劳强度衰减理论

提出了陶瓷材料疲劳强度衰减理论并由此导出了各种疲劳关系式。建立了疲劳基本方程ｄσ＿ｒ／ｄ＿ｉ＝一Ａσ（ｔ）￣ｎｔ￣（－ｍ），得出了疲劳寿命公式Ｔ＝Ｍ（σ＿０－σ）／Ａσ￣ｎ（静疲劳时Ｍ＝１，连续增载疲劳时Ｍ＝ｎ＋１，循环疲劳时Ｍ＝（ｎ＋１）／（１＋Ｒ＋Ｒ￣２＋……＋Ｒ￣ｎ），逐级加载时，并导出不同疲劳方式下疲劳寿命间的关系。同时，用多种Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４材料在高温中作了论证试验，结果与理论一致。     

陶瓷基复合材料循环疲劳的研究

本文对陶瓷基复合材料的循环疲劳研究现状及发展趋势进行了最新述评。主要内容有:非相变增韧陶瓷、相变增韧陶瓷、晶须(或纤维)增强陶瓷基复合材料的循环疲劳行为和疲劳裂纹扩展机理。最后,还对进一步研究陶瓷基复合材料的循环疲劳特性提出了一些粗浅的看法。     

陶瓷丸喷丸对2124铝合金疲劳性能的影响

陶瓷丸硬度大、不易破碎变形,且喷后不易残留在工件表面,是一种新型喷丸介质。为了提高2124铝合金的疲劳性能,对其喷陶瓷丸,并与喷铸钢丸、玻璃丸以及铸钢丸＋玻璃丸二次喷丸对比,研究了4种喷丸强化处理的试样的表面形貌、残余应力场分布以及平均旋转弯曲疲劳寿命,分析了喷丸处理影响疲劳性能的机制。结果表明：喷陶瓷丸后铝合金表面残...     

WC/铁基表面复合材料的热疲劳裂纹形成过程

为了对高热疲劳性能的表面复合材料的设计提供理论依据 , 采用热震试验方法对通过真空实型铸渗(V2 EPC) 方法制备的 WC/铁基表面复合材料的热疲劳性能进行了研究 , 重点讨论了热疲劳裂纹的形成机制。研究结果表明 , 随着 WC颗粒体积分数的增加 , 表面复合材料的热疲劳性能有所改善 , 当 WC体积分数达到 52 %时 , 复合层表面在经过 10次热循环后能保持完好。热疲劳裂纹扩展机制研究表明 , 陶瓷 WC颗粒增强铁基表面复合材料的热疲劳裂纹的产生和扩展是由 WC和基体本身的热应力和二者界面交变循环应力共同交互作用的结果 , 可以通过选用高热导率的陶瓷颗粒作为增强体、 改善陶瓷颗粒本身的微观质量和采用与陶瓷颗粒热膨胀系数相接近的基体等方法提高复合材料的热疲劳性能。      

Fatigue strength testing of LTCC and alumina ceramics bonds

In this paper the results of fatigue strength tests of ceramic joints are presented. These tests have been performed on the samples subjected to thermal and vibration fatigue as well as on the reference samples without any additional loads. The main goal of the investigation was to determine the strength of hybrid ceramics joints using tensile testing machine. The experiment enabled evaluation of fatigue effects in the mentioned joints. Geometry of test samples has been designed according to FEM simulations, performed in ANSYS FEM environment. Thermal stress as well as the stress induced by vibrations have been analyzed in the designed model. In the experiments two types of ceramics have been used ?? LTCC green tape DP951 (DuPont) and alumina ceramic tape. The samples have been prepared by joining two sintered ceramic beams made of different types of material. The bonds have been realized utilizing low temperature glass or a layer of LTCC green tape.     

Estimate Interface Shear Stress of Unidirectional C/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites from Hysteresis Loops

The tensile-tensile fatigue behavior of unidirectional C/SiC ceramic matrix composites at room and elevated temperature has been investigated. An approach to estimate the interface shear stress of ceramic matrix composites under fatigue loading has been developed. Based on the damage mechanisms of fiber sliding relative to matrix in the interface debonded region upon unloading and subsequent reloading, the unloading interface reverse slip length and reloading interface new slip length are determined by the fracture mechanics approach. The hysteresis loss energy for the strain energy lost per volume during corresponding cycle is formulatd in terms of interface shear stress. By comparing the experimental hysteresis loss energy with the computational values, the interface shear stress of unidirectional C/SiC ceramic composites corresponding to different cycles at room and elevated temperatures has been predicted.     

Improvement in the fatigue strength of chromium electroplated AISI 4340 steel by shot peening

In landing gear, an important mechanical component for high responsible applications, wear and corrosion control is currently accomplished by chrome plating or hard anodising. However, some problems are associated with these operations. Experimental results have also shown that chrome‐plated specimens have fatigue strength lower than those of uncoated parts, attributed to high residual tensile stress and microcracks density contained into the coating. Under fatigue conditions these microcracks propagate and will cross the interface coating‐substrate and penetrate base metal without impediment. Shot peening is a surface process used to improve fatigue strength of metal components due to compressive residual stresses induced in the surface layers of the material, making the nucleation and propagation of fatigue cracks difficult. This investigation is concerned with analysis of the shot peening influence on the rotating bending fatigue strength of hard chromium electroplated AISI 4340 steel. Specimens were submitted to shot peening treatment with steel and ceramic shots and, in both cases, experimental results show increase in the fatigue life of AISI 4340 steel hard chromium electroplated, up to level of base metal without chromium. Peening using ceramic shot resulted in lower scatter in rotating bending fatigue data than steel shots.     

Mixed-mode fatigue crack growth analysis of functionally graded materials by XFEM

The present study investigates the fatigue life of a functionally graded material (FGM) made of aluminum alloy and alumina (ceramic) under cyclic mixed mode loading. The fatigue lives of aluminum alloy, FGM and an equivalent composite (having the same composition as of FGM) are compared for a major edge crack in the rectangular domain. The extended finite element method is used to simulate the fatigue crack growth under plane strain conditions. Various discontinuities such as minor cracks, holes and inclusions of arbitrary sizes are randomly located in the domain along with the major edge crack. Paris law is used to evaluate the fatigue life of the aluminium alloy, FGM and equivalent composite.     

Fatigue crack growth simulations of interfacial cracks in bi-layered FGMs using XFEM

An investigation of fatigue crack growth of interfacial cracks in bi-layered materials using the extended finite element method is presented. The bi-material consists of two layers of dissimilar materials. The bottom layer is made of aluminium alloy while the upper one is made of functionally graded material (FGM). The FGM layer consists of 100 % aluminium alloy on the left side and 100 % ceramic (alumina) on the right side. The gradation in material property of the FGM layer is assumed to be exponential from the alloy side to the ceramic side. The domain based interaction integral approach is extended to obtain the stress intensity factors for an interfacial crack under thermo-mechanical load. The edge and centre cracks are taken at the interface of bi-layered material. The fatigue life of the interface crack plate is obtained using the Paris law of fatigue crack growth under cyclic mode-I, mixed-mode and thermal loads. This study reveals that the crack propagates into the FGM layer under all types of loads.     

润滑状况下Al2O3基陶瓷材料摩擦磨损性能的研究

着重研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３基陶瓷在滴油润滑条件下的摩擦磨损特性，研究了不同载荷下Ａｌ２Ｏ３基陶瓷的摩擦磨损特性曲线，观察分析了Ａｌ２Ｏ３基陶瓷磨痕形貌及微区化学成份和磨屑的物相组成，并就轻、重载荷下Ａｌ２Ｏ３基陶瓷在不同磨损时期的磨换机理进行了探讨。结果表明；滴油润滑条件下，Ａｌ２Ｏ３基陶瓷的体积磨损量显著降低，但轻，重载荷下摩擦磨损曲线呈现不同规律，轻载荷下以疲劳磨损为主，曲线稳定上升，磨损量小，重载     

Ferroelectric fatigue mechanism under bipolar electrical loading in KNN lead free piezoelectric ceramic

The effect of bipolar cyclic electrical loading on the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of KNN ceramics is investigated. The results showed that the bipolar fatigue leads to a decrease in domain switchability and piezoelectric responses of the ceramic. In the early period of cyclic loading, the fatigue mechanism is dominated by the domain wall pinning effect. When the number of fatigue cycles increases, the microstructural damage has a large impact on the fatigue process. From this, a qualitative model based on the relationship between domain pinning mechanism and internal stress is proposed.