复合材料层合板的铺层几何对结构声传输的影响

采用基于复合材料一阶剪切理论－Mindilin理论的板单元和基于Rayleigh表面分方程的边界元,对嵌在无限障板上的复合材料层合板在低频简谐平面声波斜入射情况下,建立了考虑流体结构耦合的传声计算模型,并利用该模型计算研究了对称角铺设、反对称角铺设和正交铺设等不同铺设方式对层合板传声损失的影响以及在板侧流体介质分别为空气和水时层合板的传声特性,指出层合板的铺层几何对其传声损失有较大影响,应在设计中引起注意。     

传递矩阵法分析复合材料层合板的传声损失

为了得到不同频率下正交各向异性复合材料层合板的传声损失,基于传递矩阵的方法,推导出层合板的传声损失计算公式。通过建立复合材料层合板的传声计算模型,研究了层合板铺设角度、板厚度和板密度等结构参数对层合板的传声损失影响。计算结果表明：复合材料的密度与传声损失之间没有明显的线性关系,而是随着频率的增加而上升;层合板的总厚度越大,传声损失也越大,而且各层之间厚度不同,也会引起传声损失的较大改变;层合板铺层角度越大,传声损失也越大。采用传递矩阵法能充分考虑复合材料层合板的铺设方式和铺层角度等因素的影响,利用层合板层间的速度和应力连续边界条件,准确的反应复合材料层合板隔声性能。     

基于新修正偶应力的增强型Reddy层合板热尺度效应分析

基于新修正偶应力理论,提出复合材料增强型Reddy层合板热尺度效应模型.该模型只含有一个材料长度参数l,同时将首次引入厚度方向的旋转变量.通过虚功原理推导出平衡方程,并且利用纳维方法,分析热载作用下细观复合材料层合/夹层方板的位移和应力.数值计算表明:该模型能够很好地捕捉板的热尺度效应,随着材料长度参数增大,板的热尺度...     

电磁复合材料层合板自由振动的三维解

从三维弹性理论及压电压磁理论出发,导出有限长磁电效应层合板的动力学方程。采用幂级数法,通过处理得到一种比较简便的求解。分析了压电-压磁层合板分别作为动作片和感知片时对振动频率的影响。单层压电板的计算结果与前人结果相近。分析了磁性材料厚度等参数对复合材料板自由振动频率的影响。结果表明,不同排列方式下频率相近,体积分数在25%~75%之间时,频率变化平缓。      

含压电片复合材料层合板的高阶计算模型

给出了一种分析含任意内埋压电片复合材料层合板的高阶耦合模型, 板的位移场采用三阶剪切理论, 并提出了压电片中电势场在厚度方向的三次分布模式, 可以更精确地描述力、电耦合作用下电场的非均匀分布。在平面应力的假设下给出了简化的压电材料本构方程, 推导了基于该模型的压电层合板有限元计算公式, 并对双压电片梁的弯曲和层合板的变形控制进行了计算, 压电梁的弯曲计算结果与解析结果吻合良好, 表明本文的模型和公式是精确有效的。     

长厚比对正六边形铝蜂窝夹层板等效板模型动力学计算精度的影响

为提高正六边形铝蜂窝夹层板的数值计算精度,研究了长厚比对其等效板模型动力学计算精度的影响。针对芯层均匀壁厚的正六边形铝蜂窝夹层板,首先研究了它的等效板模型,包括Reissner理论模型、蜂窝板理论模型和层合板低阶剪切理论模型;然后,将等效板模型与精细化模型相同模态振型的模态频率进行比较,分析了长厚比对等效板模型动力学计算精度的影响。结果表明:芯层均质化后模型模态频率的计算误差很小;层合板低阶剪切理论模型是计算精度较高的等效板模型;Reissner理论模型在长厚比为7.37时计算精度最低,蜂窝板理论模型对厚板的计算精度比薄板低,层合板低阶剪切理论模型对厚板的计算精度比薄板高。      

含紧固件复合材料层压板结构雷击烧蚀损伤特征分析

为了对含紧固件复合材料层压板的雷击烧蚀损伤特征进行分析,根据雷击过程中的能量平衡关系,建立了含紧固件复合材料层压板结构雷击烧蚀损伤数学分析模型。基于该分析模型,在ABAQUS中建立了含紧固件复合材料层压板结构雷击烧蚀损伤分析三维有限元模型,并对不同电势边界条件下的雷击烧蚀损伤进行了分析。分析结果表明:由于金属紧固件的存在,雷电流可以通过紧固件沿层压板结构厚度方向传导,然后在各铺层内进行电流分配,各方向铺层传导雷电流的能力与该层电势梯度方向和电势梯度方向的电导率有关;在不同的电势边界条件下,各层的电势分布有所差异,从而导致了各铺层传导雷电流能力的不同,最终引起不同的雷击烧蚀损伤分布。通过本文的研究,能够对含紧固件复合材料层压板结构的雷击烧蚀损伤特征有定性的认识。     

低气压极不均匀场二次流注形态及机理研究北大核心CSCD

为研究低气压极不均匀场下二次流注形态特征及延伸机制,利用低气压放电实验平台对10~30 kPa气压范围内200 mm棒-板间隙进行工频放电实验研究,得到不同气压下初始流注向二次流注转化的过程,并对二次流注的起始机制、整体形态特征及延伸特性进行分析。研究结果表明:初始流注猝灭或向二次流注转化是阳极前方局部场强随机扰动和阴极注入电子的焦耳热效应共同作用的结果。极不均匀场下随气压降低二次流注延伸极限、分叉径向扩展能力、发展速度逐渐降低,且初始流注分叉点的存在对二次流注发展具有显著的降速作用。研究成果为探讨空间环境下高压设备空气间隙绝缘特性提供参考。     

纤维桥联效应下复合材料层合板的屈曲及分层扩展模拟

纤维增强复合材料层合板由于层间力学性能弱,容易出现分层损伤。分层的扩展往往伴随着纤维桥联效应,纤维桥联能显著增大层合板尤其是多向层合板分层扩展的阻力。考虑纤维桥联效应的三线性内聚力模型能表征分层扩展实验中断裂韧性的“R曲线”特征,比传统的双线性模型能更为准确地描述复合材料的分层扩展行为。本论文基于三线性内聚力模型,对含圆形分层复合材料层合板的轴向压缩进行数值模拟,探讨纤维桥联效应对分层扩展及后屈曲行为的影响规律。研究结果发现,纤维桥联对层合板的屈曲载荷影响较小;混合屈曲模式下,三线性模型预测的上下子板相对法向位移明显低于双线性模型;相同分层深度下,三线性模型预测的层合板后屈曲更早转变为整体屈曲模式。随着分层深度的增加,层合板的屈曲模式由局部屈曲逐步过渡为混合屈曲和整体屈曲;当分层深度较浅时,Ⅰ型分层扩展占主导;随着分层深度的增加,Ⅰ型分层逐渐减弱,而Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型分层扩展则显著增强;当分层接近板中面时,Ⅰ型分层停止扩展,以Ⅱ型及Ⅲ型分层为主。     

含孔复合材料层合板孔边的应力集中

针对含孔有限宽复合材料层合板的应力集中问题,提出一种计算孔边应力分布及应力集中因子的方法：先利用经典层板理论,将复合材料层合板化归为各向异性板;再将各向异性板等效转换为一偏轴拉伸的单向纤维层板;最后利用含孔偏轴单向板的孔边应力计算公式来分析一般铺层层合板孔边应力集中情况。根据所推导的计算公式,分析讨论了板宽/孔径比、铺层比例、铺层方式、材料性能参数等因素对孔边应力集中的影响。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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