大变形刚-柔耦合系统仿真和实验研究

通过气浮台和梁系统的刚-柔耦合动力学实验研究完备的几何非线性模型和一次近似模型在大变形情况下的适用性.首先从Green应变与位移的非线性关系式出发,用绝对节点坐标法建立了弹性梁的完备的几何非线性动力学模型,并考虑结构阻尼建立了气浮台和梁系统的刚-柔耦合动力学方程,然后利用非接触式的运动测量仪和应变仪测量特征点的速度、角速度和应变,通过理论和实验结果的数值对比验证了几何非线性动力学模型的正确性,在此基础上进一步分析基于小变形的一次近似模型的适用性.     

气浮台-薄板刚-柔耦合系统动力学建模和实验研究

本文对气浮台和大变形薄板多体系统动力学建模理论和实验方法进行研究。基于非线性应变和位移关系,从曲率的精确表达式出发,用绝对节点坐标法建立了大变形矩形薄板的动力学变分方程。考虑结构阻尼,建立了气浮台和大变形薄板多体系统的动力学方程。利用非接触式的运动测量仪测量特征点的速度和气浮台的角速度,利用应变仪测量特征点的应变,通过理论和实验结果的数值对比验证了本文几何非线性动力学模型的正确性。     

气浮台-复合材料层合板多体系统的刚-柔耦合动力学研究

基于非线性应变和位移关系,忽略横向剪切变形,用绝对节点坐标法建立了大变形复合材料层合板几何非线性动力学模型。在此基础上,综合考虑层合板风阻和气浮台风阻的影响,建立了气浮台-复合材料层合板多体系统的刚-柔耦合动力学模型。为了真实反映物体之间的约束关系,将气浮台和层合板之间的约束表示为面与面的固定约束。在单轴气浮台动力学仿真实验平台上进行了带有角位移驱动的复合材料层合板大变形刚-柔耦合动力学实验,验证了理论模型的正确性。比较了传统的点固定约束与面固定约束的计算结果差异,阐明了面固定约束的合理性。此外,分析了层合板风阻和气浮台风阻对仿真结果的影响,说明了考虑层合板风阻的必要性。     

基于精确几何模型梁单元的螺旋弹簧刚度分析

以精确几何模型梁单元为基础,对圆截面螺旋弹簧刚度的非线性特性进行了分析。结合弹簧细长结构的变形特点,选取弹簧半径、弹簧高度、螺旋线极角和簧丝截面扭转角作为螺旋弹簧的描述变量;按照Bernoulli梁理论,通过形心曲线切矢量和簧丝截面扭转角建立截面坐标系;基于大转动梁的变形虚功率,获得螺旋弹簧曲率矢量,构建弹簧变形虚功率;应用柔体建模过程的滤除高频震荡分量方法修正弹簧系统动力学方程求得弹簧刚度,提高计算效率。数值算例表明,计算结果符合弹簧刚度的受力变形规律。同时与弹簧经典理论算法和传统有限元方法进行对比,验证了分析方法的正确性和合理性。     

热载荷作用下大变形柔性梁刚柔耦合动力学分析

从非线性应变-位移关系式出发,用虚功原理建立了热载荷作用的柔性梁的热传导方程和旋转刚体-梁系统的刚-柔耦合动力学方程.由于考虑了刚度阵的高次变形项,适用于大变形问题.对温度、弹性变形和刚体运动变量联合求解.研究了热流引起的温度梯度对弹性变形和刚体转动的影响,以及在大变形情况下的几何非线性效应.     

计及变形耦合项的平面柔性梁动力学建模及频率分析

考虑了变形产生的几何非线性效应对作大范围运动的平面柔性梁的影响，在其纵向、横向的变形位移中均考虑了变形的二次耦合变量，从非线性应变-变形位移的原理出发，说明增加耦合变量后。使得剪应变近似为零，由此得出的变形模式更符合工程实际和简化需要。考虑两个方向的变形耦合后，采用有限元离散，通过Lagrange方程导出系统的动力学方程。最后对一作旋转运动的平面柔性梁进行仿真计算，并对其固有频率进行分析研究。将本文模型所得的结论。与一次耦合动力学模型、零次近似模型进行比较，说明了三种模型的差异。得到了作旋转运动的平面柔性梁的一些新特点。     

三维柔性多体梁系统非线性动力响应分析

研究了三维柔性多体梁系统的非线性动力响应问题。将空间柔性梁的变形分解为轴向变形以及在x-y平面的弯曲变形和在x-z平面的弯曲变形，引用各自的精确振动模态描述变形场，利用拉格朗日乘子法建立起柔性多体梁系统约束非线性动力学方程。结合Newmark直接积分法和Newton-Raphson迭代法，导出了求解该非线性代数一微分方程组的数值方法。仿真算例证明了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

空间刚性梁轨道与姿态耦合动力学问题的辛分析

以空间结构中某些大刚度小尺寸连接件在轨组装之前的动力学问题为研究背景,建立了空间刚性梁的轨道与姿态耦合问题的动力学模型。针对建立的保守动力学模型,采用辛龙格库塔方法模拟了刚性梁的动力学行为,从刚性梁的轨道半径、真近角和姿态角演化过程的数值结果中,发现了随着初始姿态角速度的增加,梁轨道与姿态之间的耦合效应将加剧;通过记录每一时间步的系统总能量相对误差,并与传统龙格库塔方法的计算结果进行对比,间接地验证了所得到数值结果的正确性,同时也验证了辛龙格库塔方法的长时间数值稳定性。     

弹性介质中任意形状细长曲梁的Cosserat模型

Kirchhoff动力学比拟理论使动力学的概念和方法进入弹性杆力学的研究领域。Cosserat弹性杆模型考虑Kirchhoff模型所忽略的截面剪切变形、中心线伸缩变形和分布载荷等因素,更适合工程中大变形细长梁的动力学建模。该文以弹性介质中任意形状中心线的圆截面细长曲梁为对象,基于Cosserat模型建立以截面的姿态角和挠度为未知变量的精确动力学方程。其直梁小变形特例为弹性介质中的Timoshenko梁。将Lyapunov运动稳定性理论的时间变量置换为空间变量,可用于判断梁的平衡稳定性。以弹性介质中轴向受压Timoshenko梁为例,讨论梁平衡状态的Lyapunov稳定性与欧拉失稳传统概念之间的区别和相互联系。导致梁屈曲的欧拉载荷可利用满足Lyapunov稳定性梁的受扰挠性线和端部约束条件导出。在一次近似条件下证明空间域内的Lyapunov 稳定性和欧拉稳定性是时间域内的Lyapunov稳定性的必要条件。     

转动柔性梁横向振动的一种近似解法

通过随体坐标系的建立分析做定轴转动的刚柔耦合系统的变形运动,在考虑柔性梁轴向、横向变形和截面弯转的情况下,采用Green应变理论分析系统的几何非线性.然后用微元法从应力-应变的角度得出了系统的动力学方程.在考虑梁的几何非线性的同时,通过忽略其轴向变形,得出一个描述转动梁横向振动的强非线性方程.最后采用一种改进的L-P法求得了方程的一阶近似解,通过与能量法所得结果的比较表明,所得近似解有较好的精度.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.