一类考虑温度效应的截面插值梁模型

提出了一种截面插值梁模型,利用该模型求解梁在非均匀热载荷作用下的动静态响应,解决了传统梁理论无法处理受不均匀温度场的梁的问题。利用拉格朗日插值函数对梁单元的截面和轴向分别插值,构造梁的位移场。将位移场代入热弹性动力学方程,得到单元应变和应力,再依据虚功原理推导出单元刚度矩阵、质量矩阵以及等效节点载荷列阵,求解得到热应力。利用热应力的横向剪切力更新单元刚度矩阵,计算梁在热载荷作用下的振动特性。计算结果表明,该方法得到的结果与实体单元模型结果吻合,并且更易于处理受非均匀热载荷作用的细长结构,同时能很好地反映截面的形状、受载及响应结果。     

捕获载荷冲击漂浮基柔性空间机械臂动力学响应评估与自适应镇定控制及主动抑制

分析漂浮基柔性空间机械臂受捕获载荷冲击后动力学响应及控制,利用假设模态法近似描述空间机械臂柔性杆弹性变形;利用第二类拉格朗日方程建立漂浮基空间机械臂系统动力学模型。基于动量守恒原理,利用动量冲量法评估受捕获载荷冲击后漂浮基空间机械臂系统动力学响应。设计自适应控制算法对受捕获载荷碰撞冲击后不稳定漂浮基空间机械臂进行镇定控制;设计线性二次最优控制算法抑制柔性杆弹性振动。用数值仿真验证控制算法的有效性。     

粘弹性Timoshenko梁非线性动力学行为的微分求积分析

对有限变形条件下,Timoshenko粘弹性梁非线性分析的数学模型应用推广的微分求积方法进行空域的离散,得到了简洁的矩阵形式的非线性数值逼近公式,时域上引进新的变量,得到了简支粘弹性梁运动的简化模型.然后利用非线性动力学中数值方法,分析了粘弹性Timoshenko梁的动力学行为.同时,为表明该方法的可靠性和有效性,研究了DQ解的收敛性和精确性.并考察了梁的材料、几何等参数对非线性粘弹性梁的动力学特性的影响.     

磁场对黏弹性基体上变截面纳米梁振动特性的影响分析EI北大核心CSCD

针对磁场影响下的黏弹性基体上变截面纳米梁进行了动力学建模及振动特性影响分析。基于非局部欧拉梁理论、Kelvin黏弹性地基模型及麦克斯韦关系式,建立了系统的振动控制方程。通过联合传递函数法和摄动法对所建振动控制方程进行求解,得到了任意边界条件下变截面纳米梁的固有频率。在此基础上,系统地分析了非局部参数、磁场强度、松弛时间、锥度系数等对阻尼频率和阻尼比的影响情况。结果表明,所建的动力学模型在研究受磁场影响下的黏弹性基体上变截面纳米梁的振动特性问题准确有效。     

磁场对黏弹性基体上变截面纳米梁振动特性的影响分析

针对磁场影响下的黏弹性基体上变截面纳米梁进行了动力学建模及振动特性影响分析。基于非局部欧拉梁理论、Kelvin黏弹性地基模型及麦克斯韦关系式,建立了系统的振动控制方程。通过联合传递函数法和摄动法对所建振动控制方程进行求解,得到了任意边界条件下变截面纳米梁的固有频率。在此基础上,系统地分析了非局部参数、磁场强度、松弛时间、锥度系数等对阻尼频率和阻尼比的影响情况。结果表明,所建的动力学模型在研究受磁场影响下的黏弹性基体上变截面纳米梁的振动特性问题准确有效。     

几何非线性空间梁的动力学建模与实验研究

建立了大变形细长空间梁的几何非线性动力学模型,并通过动力学实验验证建模理论的正确性。首先用曲梁中线上任意一点的3个绝对位置坐标和横截面的3个姿态角描述横截面的位置和姿态,建立了应变和曲率与位置坐标、姿态角的关系,在此基础上基于中线切线与横截面法线重合的假设,对节点广义坐标进行缩减,简化了动力学模型。用虚功原理建立了大变形细长空间梁的动力学方程,将该方法的计算时间与现有大型工程软件(LS-DYNA)进行比较,验证了方法的有效性。引入运动学约束方程,建立了气浮台和柔性空间梁系统的多体系统动力学方程。在大变形情况下,开展了气浮台和柔性空间梁系统的刚-柔耦合动力学实验,验证了几何非线性空间梁动力学模型的准确性。     

基于精确几何模型梁单元的螺旋弹簧刚度分析

以精确几何模型梁单元为基础,对圆截面螺旋弹簧刚度的非线性特性进行了分析。结合弹簧细长结构的变形特点,选取弹簧半径、弹簧高度、螺旋线极角和簧丝截面扭转角作为螺旋弹簧的描述变量;按照Bernoulli梁理论,通过形心曲线切矢量和簧丝截面扭转角建立截面坐标系;基于大转动梁的变形虚功率,获得螺旋弹簧曲率矢量,构建弹簧变形虚功率;应用柔体建模过程的滤除高频震荡分量方法修正弹簧系统动力学方程求得弹簧刚度,提高计算效率。数值算例表明,计算结果符合弹簧刚度的受力变形规律。同时与弹簧经典理论算法和传统有限元方法进行对比,验证了分析方法的正确性和合理性。     

Timoshenko梁功率流主动控制研究

为了研究扰动影响下梁式结构的动力学响应与主动控制,首先基于Timoshenko梁理论,采用行波方法建立了悬臂梁结构的动力学模型并获得了其在扰动下的精确动力学响应,进一步得到结构中传播的功率流,并以此为目标函数,优化得到了最优控制力的大小与相位,然后对结构施加最优控制力,实现了Timoshenko梁结构的功率流主动控制。对Timoshenko梁结构动力学响应与功率流主动控制方法进行了数值计算,并与Euler-Bernoulli梁理论计算结果进行了对比分析。结果表明：采用行波方法计算梁结构的动力学响应准确可靠;Timoshenko梁模型较Euler-Bernoulli梁模型在中、高频段更为精确,且更接近工程实际;通过数值计算与分析验证了基于行波方法功率流主动控制的正确性与有效性,并且功率流主动控制可以明显降低梁式结构全频域内的抖动。     

局部粘贴压电宏纤维致动器的水下弹性结构机-电-液耦合振动特性EI北大核心CSCD

建立了局部粘贴压电宏纤维致动器(Macro Fiber Composite,MFC)的水下弹性结构机⁃电⁃液耦合振动模型,并开展了MFC激励下的水下弹性结构的频率响应实验。采用混合规则法得到了MFC等效体积单元的等效机电耦合参数。基于假设模态法推导了局部粘贴MFC的欧拉⁃伯努利梁的分段归一化振型函数。结果显示粘贴MFC致动器的主动变形段末端的变形量仅为被动变形段末端的3%,局部粘贴MFC致动器弹性结构的模态振型较匀质等截面梁结构发生了明显变化。建立了包含MFC致动器等效驱动力矩、周围流体水动力载荷及弹性结构振动特性的水下弹性结构机⁃电⁃液耦合振动模型。基于搭建的实验平台,测试得到了MFC不同激励频率下水下弹性结构的频率响应特性,实验结果表明:耦合动力学模型的理论预测结果与结构实际振动的幅频特性和相频特性基本一致,证明了所建立机⁃电⁃液耦合振动模型的有效性。     

解析型弹性地基Timoshenko梁单元

采用双参数弹性地基模型和Timoshenko深梁模型,建立了弹性地基一般梁挠度控制方程,求解得到了挠度方程解析通解,构建了双参数弹性地基深梁的挠度、截面弯曲转角及剪切角的解析位移形函数。建立了梁模型、梁基模型等两种势能泛函,利用最小势能原理,构造了两个双参数弹性地基深梁单元,给出了单元列式。分析表明:梁模型单元在均布荷载作用下误差为0.221%,非均布荷载作用下误差为0;梁基模型单元在均布荷载作用下误差为0,在两端集中力作用下误差为6.597%,在跨中集中力作用下误差为102.716%;同时,该文提出的双参数Timoshenko梁模型单元不存在剪切闭锁的问题。     

Winkler地基上修正Timoshenko梁振动分析

利用Bernoulli-Euler梁理论建立的弹性地基梁模型应用广泛,但其在高阶频率及深梁计算中误差较大,利用修正的Timoshenko梁理论建立新的弹性地基梁振动微分方程,由于其在Timoshenko梁的基础上考虑了剪切变形所引起的转动惯量,因而具有更好的精确度。利用ANAYS beam54梁单元进行振动模态的有限元计算,所求结果与理论基本无误差,从而验证了该理论的正确性。基于修正Timoshenko梁振动理论推导出了弹性地基梁双端自由-自由、简支-简支、简支-自由、固支-固支等多种边界条件下的频率超越方程及模态函数。分析了弹性地基梁在不同理论下不同约束条件及不同高跨比情况下的计算结果,从而论证了该理论计算弹性地基梁的适用性。分析了不同弹性地基梁理论下波速、群速度与波数的关系。得到了约束条件和梁长对振动模态及地基刚度对振动频率有重要影响等结论。     

Influence of Membrane Stresses on Postbuckling of Rectangular Plates Using a Nonlinear Elastic 3-D Cosserat Brick Element

This paper has two main objectives. The first is to examine the influence of membrane stresses on postbuckled deformations of nonlinear elastic isotropic rectangular plates. The second is to further examine the accuracy of a new 3-D Cosserat eight noded brick element (Nadler and Rubin in Int J Solids Struct 40: 4585–4614, 2003) which was developed within the context of the theory of a Cosserat point. The equations of the Cosserat element include both material and geometric nonlinearities. A number of example problems are considered which examine predictions of the Cosserat element for beams and plates and comparison has been made with results from the commercial codes ANSYS and ADINA. Also, the approximate nonlinear postbuckling solution described in Timoshenko and Gere (Theory of elastic stability, Mc Graw-Hill, New York) is shown to be more limited than originally expected. These results suggest that the Cosserat element is robust, can perform well under extreme conditions and is capable of modeling combinations of three-dimensional bodies with attached thin structures.     

三维曲井内钻柱的接触非线性有限元分析

针对三维曲井内钻柱的接触非线性有限元分析,提出了一种符合接触性质的新的接触模型:在接触点处,钻柱的横向位移应限制在给定的环空间隙值内,同时,还必须让横截面绕变形曲线副法线轴的转角为零。利用新的接触模型,采用忽略横向剪切变形的三维空间曲梁单元对三维曲井内钻柱的接触非线性进行了有限元分析,给出了一套计算方法。算例结果表明:新的接触模型与计算方法,对于有解析解的平面问题其精度高,避免了随着单元划分的不同导致解时大时小而不稳定的现象。工程算例——三维曲井内钻柱的接触非线性分析结果偏于安全。     

Buckling of functionally graded circular columns including shear deformation

An analysis of the stability of circular cylindrical columns/beams composed of functionally graded materials is made where shear deformation is taken into account. In this study, a new approach is carried out. Different from the assumption of uniform shear stress at the cross-section adopted in the Timoshenko beam theory, proposed model provides a new approach for treating the problem. Based on the traction-free surface condition, two coupled governing equations for the deflection and rotation are derived, and a single governing equation is further obtained. A comparison of buckling loads derived from the proposed circular column model and the Timoshenko and Euler–Bernoulli theories of beams is made. Moreover, the effects of radial gradient on buckling loads of elastic columns with circular cross-section made of functionally graded materials are elucidated. Finally, the stability of double-walled carbon nanotubes is considered and critical stress is determined and compared with existing results. The results obtained by the proposed model show very good agreement with the results of the Timoshenko beam theory or Reddy–Bickford beam theory.     

Mechanical Behavior of a Functionally Graded Rectangular Plate Under Transverse Load: A Cosserat Elasticity Analysis

In this article, a static analysis of a functionally graded (FG) rectangular plate subjected to a uniformly distributed load is investigated within the framework of Timoshenko and the higher order shear deformation beam theories. The mechanical behavior of the plate is analysed under the theory of Cosserat elasticity. In the framework of infinitesimal theory of elasticity, the bending of the plate is analyzed subjected to transverse loading. A set of governing equations of equilibrium are obtained based on the method of hypothesis. A semianalytical solution is presented for the governing equations using the approximation theory of Timoshenko. The solutions are validated by comparing the numerical results with their counterparts reported in the literature for classical Timoshenko plate theory.     

Further study on the refined theory of rectangle deep beams

Based on the refined theory for narrow rectangular deep beams, two different displacement boundary conditions of the fixed end of a cantilever beam are used to study the deformation of the beam. One is the conventional simplified displacement boundary condition, and the other is a new boundary condition determined by the least squares method. Three load cases are investigated, which are a transverse shear force at the free end of the beam, a uniformly distributed load at the top surface, and a linearly distributed load at the top surface, respectively. Solutions are given for both the refined theory and the Timoshenko beam theory and are compared with the known solutions from the elastic theory and results by the finite element method. It is shown that the solutions of the refined theory coincide with those of the elastic theory; the solutions from the Timoshenko theory by using the two different displacement boundary conditions are the same; the refined theory by using the new boundary condition provides better results than using the conventional boundary condition and also better than those of the Timoshenko beam theory.     

轴向运动黏弹性Timoshenko梁横向非线性强受迫振动

研究轴向运动黏弹性Timoshenko梁横向非线性强受迫振动的稳态响应。由广义Hamilton变分原理推导出轴向运动黏弹性Timoshenko梁横向振动的控制方程及相应的边界条件。模型中考虑剪切模量、转动惯量对梁的影响。黏弹性本构关系中运用Kelvin模型并引入物质时间导数。对控制方程施用直接多尺度法,建立强受迫共振的可解性条件,得到稳态响应振幅与激励频率关系曲线。应用Routh-Hurwitz判据判断稳态响应振幅的稳定性。利用数值结果给出不同参数下,如非线性系数、激励振幅与黏弹性阻尼等对稳态幅频响应及稳定性影响。     

解析型Winkler弹性地基梁单元构造

该文采用Winkler弹性地基梁理论确定了弹性地基梁的挠度方程解析通解; 根据最小势能原理建立了解析型Winkler弹性地基欧拉梁及铁摩辛柯梁的单元刚度及等效节点荷载; 得到了解析型弹性地基欧拉梁单元AWFB-E及铁摩辛柯梁单元AWFB-T。同时,论文还采用传统里兹法求得了相应的Winkler弹性地基欧拉梁及铁摩辛柯梁单元刚度矩阵,得到了里兹法弹性地基欧拉梁单元RWFB-E及铁摩辛柯梁单元RWFB-T。对该文构建的两类单元与一般梁-基体系有限元分析结果及理论解析解进行了对比。对比结果表明,传统里兹法由于其多项式形函数无法精确模拟弹性地基梁变形,因此其结果与理论解析解有误差,但随着单元数量增多其误差减小; 采用解析型单元进行计算时,无论单元数量多少,得到的均为“真实”解,说明解析试函数法求得的位移形函数比一般的多项式形函数精确,得到的弹性地基梁单元具备解析型、精确性的特点,可应用于解决实际工程问题。     

Stability analysis of an embedded single-walled carbon nanotube with small initial curvature based on nonlocal theory

Many experimental observations have shown that most nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes, are often characterized by a certain degree of waviness along their axial direction. This geometrical imperfection has profound effects on the mechanical behavior of carbon nanotubes. In the present work, stability of a slightly curved carbon nanotube under lateral loading is investigated based on Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory. Euler Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories are employed to obtain equilibrium equations. Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation is used to approximate the effect of matrix. Effects of initial curvature, nonlocal parameter, beam length, and elastic foundation parameters on initiation of critical conditions are investigated.