TiO2/膨润土复合光催化材料的常温制备及性能研究

采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法,在以水为主要溶剂的反应体系中,控制钛酸四丁酯充分水解、缓慢聚合,在 常压、低温(70℃)的温和条件下制备出稳定的TiO₂纳米晶溶胶,并利用TiO₂纳米晶溶胶在膨润土表面负载,获得TiO₂/膨润土复合光催化材料。采用 X 射线衍射、扫描电镜、比表面积测定等研究手段对样品的结构形貌进行了表征,并考察了其光催化活性。结果表明：较高的水用量有利于TiO₂晶体形成,当去离子水:钛酸四丁酯摩尔比大于167:1时,在溶胶体系中出现了锐钛矿型TiO₂纳米晶体；TiO₂纳米晶主要负载于膨润土表面,并未嵌入到膨润土层间结构,但相对于单一膨润土,TiO₂负载显著提高了材料比表面积；当去离子水:钛酸四丁酯摩尔比=192:1时,在紫外光照射下,复合光催化材料表现出最高的光催化活性,对亚甲基蓝的降解率达到93.8%。     

微波原位制备作为锂离子电池电极材料的石墨烯/TiO2 纳米复合物

通过改造的家用微波炉,实现了原位高效制备石墨烯/TiO₂纳米复合物。结果表明：微波辅助法能够在商用锐钛矿型TiO₂纳米颗粒表面均匀制备石墨烯纳米片,通过SiO₂/Si的剧烈电晕放电,其制备时间仅需数分钟（最短3 min）。石墨烯纳米片的尺寸大约为50 nm且缺陷很少。TiO₂晶体结构仍为锐钛矿型,主要归功于极短的制备周期和较低的反应温度（600~700 ℃）。石墨烯具有优异的电导率,可以提升锂离子扩散速率、提高电子传输速率并降低接触电阻。在1 C（170 mA·g^-1）条件下石墨烯/TiO₂纳米复合物的电池放电比容量提高了2倍。与商业化锐钛矿型TiO₂纳米颗粒相比,在1 C到5 C的不同充放电倍率下,石墨烯/TiO₂纳米复合物的比容量差距显著扩大。     

Ag/BiVO4复合纳米纤维光催化性能的研究

本文采用静电纺丝法制备了不同Ag负载含量的Ag/BiVO₄纳米纤维复合材料,并对其相结构,形貌,可见光催化性能进行了表征。结果表明,Ag的引入能够很大程度的提高复合材料的光催化效率,10%Ag负载的Ag/BiVO₄复合纳米纤维能够在可见光辐照20min内将罗丹明B完全降解。这种异质结够有利于光生电子对的分离,提高光生载流子寿命,是Ag/BiVO₄复合纳米纤维光催化性能显著提高的原因。     

BN/Al2O3 复合粉末及其聚合物基复合材料的制备与导热性能

采用固-液相共混法制备了多种BN/Al₂O₃复合粉末,通过冻融法和表面修饰法对BN进行了改性处理,改变表面修饰剂类型和摩尔比得到了前驱体和烧结态BN/Al₂O₃复合粉末,并利用机械混合法制备了聚合物基BN/Al₂O₃复合材料,并测试分析了其导热性能。结果表明,经冻融处理的BN分散性和界面相容性明显优于未经冻融处理的BN。多巴胺对BN的改性效果优于聚乙二醇。采用多巴胺作为表面修饰剂且BN与Al(NO₃)₃的摩尔比为1:1时,能够得到纳米Al₂O₃均匀包覆的微米BN粉末,即BN/Al₂O₃微纳复合粉末,其聚合物基复合材料的导热系数可达0.62 W·m^-1·K^-1,是纯聚合物导热系数的3倍,是采用纯微米BN粉末制备的聚合物基复合材料导热系数的1.5倍。在BN表面附着的Al₂O₃可以形成层状热传导通道,能够有效提高聚合物基BN/Al₂O₃复合材料的热导率。     

纳米柱状多孔WO3- x /TiO2 薄膜的电致变色性能

采用反应磁控溅射在掠射角度α=0°和α=80°的条件下制备氧化钨（WO_3-x）薄膜,然后在其表面沉积二氧化钛（TiO₂）。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对WO_3-x/TiO₂薄膜的晶体结构、表面/断面形貌以及表面化学成分进行表征。在三电极体系1 mol/L LiClO₄/PC溶液中,采用电化学工作站和紫外-可见分光光度计测试了WO_3-x/TiO₂薄膜的电致变色性能。XRD结果表明,WO_3-x/TiO₂薄膜为非晶态结构,与掠射角度无关。当掠射角度为80°时,获得了纳米柱状多孔薄膜。从 W 4f和Ti 2p的XPS谱图确认氧化钨为亚化学计量比的WO_3-x,而氧化钛为满足化学计量比的TiO₂。与致密薄膜相比,纳米柱状多孔薄膜需要较低的驱动电压且具有较快的响应速度。纳米柱状多孔薄膜的电荷容量为83.78 mC,是致密薄膜电荷容量30.83 mC的2倍以上。在±1.2 V驱动电压下,注入和脱出离子扩散速率分别为D_in=5.69×10^-10 cm²/s和D_de= 5.08×10^-10 cm²/s。与纯WO₃薄膜相比,WO_3-x/TiO₂薄膜的电致变色循环稳定性更好。纳米柱状多孔薄膜在可见光范围内具有较大的光调制幅度,因此其光密度变化（ΔOD）大于致密薄膜。     

水热制备TiO2纳米管及其光催化性能

本文利用TiO₂粉体在高浓度NaOH溶液中水热反应制备TiO₂纳米管,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM),透射电镜(TEM),紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)考察了NaOH浓度、水热反应温度、水热反应时间等因素对TiO₂纳米管结构和性能的影响。结果表明：当NaOH浓度为10mol/L,水热反应温度为160℃,水热反应时间20h时,所制备的TiO₂纳米管显示出较高的光催化活性,经紫外光照30min后,对甲基橙(MO)的降解率可达75.48%。     

镁锂合金表面含聚苯胺复合涂层的防腐性能研究

    以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,磺基水杨酸为掺杂剂,用化学氧化法合成了聚苯胺 - 二氧化硅(PANI- SiO₂)复合材料;通过FTIR,XRD和SEM对PANI-SiO₂复合材料进行表征;以PANI-SiO₂粉末为功能成分,环氧树脂为成膜物质,在镁锂合金表面制备了PANI-SiO₂/环氧树脂复合涂层,用开路电位和交流阻抗谱研究了涂层的防腐蚀性能.结果表明,在3.0 mass%的NaC1溶液中,PANI-SiO2/环氧树脂复合涂层具有很好的防腐性能,且认为PANI的存在使得镁锂合金表面生成一层钝化膜.     

RMI法制备穿刺C/C-SiC复合材料的微结构及烧蚀性能研究

以无纬布/网胎0°/90°叠层穿刺预制体为增强体,采用化学气相渗(Chemical vapor infiltration,CVI)、树脂浸渍碳化(Polymer infiltration carbonization,PIC)与反应熔渗(Reactive melt infiltration,RMI)复合工艺制备穿刺C/C-SiC复合材料,研究其微观组织及在C₂H₂-O₂焰中的烧蚀行为。结果表明：无纬布、穿刺纤维束由CVI+PIC制备的碳基体填充而形成致密C/C区域,RMI生成的SiC主要位于网胎层中,其含量37.3wt%。复合材料表面因过量硅化而形成了SiC富集层。烧蚀距离20mm、O₂:C₂H₂=2:1时,烧蚀600s后材料X-Y、Z向线烧蚀率分别为：0.8×10^_-4 mm/s、3.6×10^_-4 mm/s,比PIP工艺制备C/C-SiC材料烧蚀率小一个数量级。烧蚀面SiC富集层保护及被动氧化作用是材料具有优异抗氧化烧蚀性能的主要原因。随烧蚀距离由20mm向10mm减小,复合材料烧蚀率先缓慢变化后快速增大,烧蚀率快速增长阶段复合材料发生主动氧化烧蚀。     

压力烧结制备二氧化钛包覆的石墨烯增强铝基复合材料

使用压力烧结方法制备了石墨烯纳米片（GNP）增强的7075铝基纳米复合材料,提出了一种通过在GNP的表面涂覆二氧化钛（TiO₂）来优化界面结合的新工艺,并比对了原石墨烯及具有包覆层石墨烯对铝基纳米复合材料的力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明,与添加纯GNP相比,添加具有TiO₂涂层的GNP的纳米复合材料的力学性能提高。相比于基体,TiO₂包覆GNP增强的纳米复合材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和显微硬度分别增加了38.9%、34.4%和20.1%。性能的进一步改善是由于TiO₂涂层优化了增强相与基体之间的界面结合,从而提高了载荷传递的有效性。     

SnO2@TiO2核-壳纳米线的制备及其光催化性能研究

本文通过固-液-气(VLS)生长机制,利用化学气相沉积法(CVD)制备SnO₂纳米线。利用原子层沉积(ALD)以钛酸四异丙酯为前驱体在SnO₂纳米线表面沉积不同厚度的TiO₂壳层,形成SnO₂@TiO₂核-壳纳米线结构。通过中间Al₂O₃插层,分别制备出金红石和锐钛矿两种不同晶型的TiO₂,从而制备出两种不同复合结构的SnO₂@TiO₂核-壳纳米线。实验研究该复合结构中TiO₂的厚度与晶型对紫外光下光催化降解甲基橙溶液活性的影响。     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles using WS2/g-C3N4 hybrid as co-catalyst

TiO₂/WS₂/g-C₃N₄ composite photocatalysts were synthesized by a liquid-exfoliation-solvothermal method. In this process, the WS₂/g-C₃N₄ nano-sheets were prepared by liquid-exfoliation method from the bulk WS₂ and C₃N₄ in the alcohol system, and then the TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) grew on the WS₂/g-C₃N₄ nano-sheets by in-situ synthesized technique. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO). The results showed that the as-prepared samples exhibited higher photocatalytic activities as compared to the pure TiO₂, g-C₃N₄ and TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ composite. The enhanced photocatalytic activities of TiO₂/WS₂/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts could be attributed to the synergistic effect of heterostructure between TiO₂ NPs and WS₂/g-C₃N₄ nano-sheets, which could efficiently improve the separation of photogenerated electron/hole pairs and utilization efficiency of photons. The quenching tests of radicals indicated that ·O^?₂ had crucial effect on degradation of MO, which demonstrated that ·O^?₂ was the main active radical in photocatalytic reaction process.     

In situ template polymerization of aniline on the surface of negatively charged TiO2 nanoparticles

The in situ oxidative template polymerization of aniline was performed successfully on the surface of negatively charged titania (TiO₂) nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 40 nm using ammonium persulfate and a Chem-Solv solution at pH 1 and 25 °C. SEM showed that the resulting polyaniline (PANI)/TiO₂ composites were well dispersed in solution due to the electrostatic repulsion force. Ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry showed that the optical, thermal, and electrical properties of PANI/TiO₂ composites were quite different from those of pure PANI or TiO₂, which was attributed to the strong interaction between the two components. The conductivity of the PANI/TiO₂ composite was estimated to be 0.91 × 10⁻¹ S/cm at 25 °C in the range of semiconductor.     

Preparation of TiO2/PANI composites in the presence of surfactants and investigation of electrical properties

“In situ” polymerization was carried out in the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) to synthesize TiO₂/polyaniline (TiO₂/PANI) composite in an aqueous medium containing anionic (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate), DBSNa, cationic (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide), TTAB, and nonionic surfactants (poly(ethylene oxide) (20) sorbitan monolaurate), Tween 20). The composites were characterized by FTIR, UV–vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Gouy balance measurements. The FTIR and UV–vis spectra reveal that the interaction between TiO₂/PANI composite and surfactants. The anionic and cationic surfactants incorporated with TiO₂/PANI composite structure. The stability of the composites in terms of direct-current electrical conductivity retention was studied in isothermal conditions. Electrical conductivity measurements indicate that the conductivity of TiO₂/PANI synthesized in the presence of the cationic surfactant has the highest conductivity value. All composites showed negative mass magnetic susceptibility values.     

AgI/BiPO4异质结的原位制备及光催化性能

采用水热合成法制备了磷酸铋(BiPO4),通过沉淀法成功将AgI负载于BiPO4表面制备了AgI/BiPO4异质结。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等对AgI/BiPO4异质结结构和组成进行了表征;用表面光电压谱(SPS)对异质结光催化剂的光生电荷分离特性进行了研究;考察了AgI/BiPO4异质结光催化剂对模拟污染物罗丹明B的催化降解性能。结果表明,当AgI/BiPO4摩尔比为1.2%时,异质结光催化剂的光生电子-空穴分离速率最高,对罗丹明B的光催化降解性能最好。光催化过程中主要活性自由基为超氧自由基.O2^-,h⁺空穴和.OH自由基是起次要作用的活性自由基。     

Photodegradation of methyl orange by BiOI-sensitized TiO2

BiOI-sensitized titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts were prepared by a deposition method at room temperature and characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurements. The photocatalytic activities of the catalysts were evaluated for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) solution under UV and visible light irradiation. The effects of catalyst amount, initial pH value, initial concentration of MO, as well as KI amount were investigated. ...     

Self-assembled polyaniline nanotubes and nanoribbons/titanium dioxide nanocomposites

Self-assembled polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes, accompanied with nanoribbons, were synthesized by the oxidative polymerization of aniline with ammonium peroxydisulfate in an aqueous medium, in the presence of colloidal titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles of 4.5 nm size, without added acid. The morphology, structure, and physicochemical properties of the PANI/TiO₂ nanocomposites, prepared at various initial aniline/TiO₂ mole ratios, were studied by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopies, FTIR, Raman and inductively coupled plasma optical emission (ICP-OES) spectroscopies, elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), conductivity measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrical conductivity of PANI/TiO₂ nanocomposites increases in the range 3.8 × 10^?4 to 1.1 × 10^?3 S cm^?1 by increasing aniline/TiO₂ mole ratio from 1 to 10. The morphology of PANI/TiO₂ nanocomposites significantly depends on the initial aniline/TiO₂ mole ratio. In the morphology of the nanocomposite synthesized using aniline/TiO₂ mole ratio 10, nanotubes accompanied with nanosheets prevail. The nanocomposite synthesized at aniline/TiO₂ mole ratio 5 consists of the network of nanotubes (an outer diameter 30–40 nm, an inner diameter 4–7 nm) and nanorods (diameter 50–90 nm), accompanied with nanoribbons (a thickness, width, and length in the range of 50–70 nm, 160–350 nm, and ～1–3 μm, respectively). The PANI/TiO₂ nanocomposite synthesized at aniline/TiO₂ mole ratio 2 contains polyhedral submicrometre particles accompanied with nanotubes, while the nanocomposite prepared at aniline/TiO₂ mole ratio 1 consists of agglomerated nanofibers, submicrometre and nanoparticles. The presence of emeraldine salt form of PANI, linear and branched PANI chains, and phenazine units in PANI/TiO₂ nanocomposites was proved by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. The improved thermal stability of PANI matrix in all PANI/TiO₂ nanocomposites was observed.     

Microstructure characterization and photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 films with ultrafine anatase nanocrystallites

A series of mesoporous TiO₂ films on borosilicate glass with ultrafine anatase nanocrystallites were successfully synthesized using a non-acidic sol gel preparation route, which involves the use of nonionic surfactant Tween 20 as template through a self assembly pathway. The microstructure of these TiO₂ films was characterized by XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis. Their photocatalytic activities were investigated by using creatinine as a model organic contaminate in water. It was found that all mesoporous TiO₂ films prepared with Tween 20 exhibited a partially ordered mesoporous structure. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO₂ films could be remarkably improved by increasing Tween 20 loading in the sol at the range of 50% (v/v), which yielded large amount of catalyst (anatase) on the glass support and enhanced specific surface area. The optimum Tween 20 loading was 50% (v/v) in the sol, above which good adhesion between TiO₂ films and borosilicate glass could not be maintained. The final TiO₂ film (Tween 20: final sol = 50%,v/v) exhibits high BET surface area (∼ 120 m²/g) and pore volume (0.1554 cm³/g), ultrafine anatase nanocrystallinity (7 nm), uniform and crack free surface morphology, and improved photocatalytic activity.     

Modification of TiO2 nanorods by Bi2MoO6 nanoparticles for high performance visible-light photocatalysis

In this work, TiO₂ nanorods were prepared by a hydrothermal process and then Bi₂MoO₆ nanoparticles were deposited onto the TiO₂ nanorods by a solvothermal process. The nanostructured Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ composites were extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ composites was evaluated by degradation of methylene blue. The Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ composites exhibit higher catalytic activity than pure Bi₂MoO₆ and TiO₂ for degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). Further investigation revealed that the ratio of Bi₂MoO₆ to TiO₂ in the composites greatly influenced their photocatalytic activity. The experimental results indicated that the composite with Bi₂MoO₆:TiO₂ = 1:3 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. The enhancement mechanism of the composite catalysts was also discussed.