高温焊接对1.25Cr0.5Mo焊接构件疲劳寿命的影响

选取不同的温度(550,650,750,850℃)对1.25Cr0.5Mo钢进行高温焊接,在高温焊接及常温焊接后对焊件进行残余应力测试和疲劳试验.结果表明,550,650,750,850℃高温下焊接的试件,其焊缝热影响区的残余应力最大值(纵向、横向)比常温下焊接焊缝热影响区残余应力最大值(纵向、横向)都显著降低:纵向和横向降低幅度分为50.1%,48.9%;74.8%,67.4%;83.9%,79.4%;91%,89.7%.高温焊接试件的疲劳寿命的平均值比常温下焊接试件疲劳寿命的平均值分别提高31.02%,38.84%,47.23%和62.28%.结果表明,高温焊接能明显降低焊件的残余应力和提高焊件的疲劳寿命.     

焊接区位置对焊接结构疲劳性能影响的定量分析

为了研究焊接区位置对结构疲劳性能的影响,本文对焊接结构连接件进行了疲劳试验,并进行了有限元分析及寿命预测。结果发现,焊接区与其它应力集中区会发生应力耦合效应,进而降低结构的疲劳寿命。焊缝位置越远离其他应力集中区,焊缝应力越小;当焊缝与其他应力集中区距离大于焊缝宽度的8倍时,耦合效应消失。在耦合区内,疲劳寿命与焊缝距离近似呈线性关系。     

钛合金激光焊接接头的组织和力学性能

对2.5mm厚BT20钛合金激光焊接接头各区域(包括焊缝和热影响区)的组织特征进行了观察,并测试了焊接接头各区域的显微硬度分布以及室温条件下的接头拉伸、弯曲、疲劳及断裂韧度等力学性能.研究结果表明,焊接接头各区域的微观组织均以"网篮状"马氏体组织为特征,接头各区域显微硬度均高于母材.接头静抗拉强度基本与母材相当,塑性略低于母材.接头中值疲劳寿命与应力水平有很大的关系.在低应力水平下,接头中值疲劳寿命与母材相当,而在高应力水平下,接头中值疲劳寿命远低于母材.接头焊缝金属的断裂韧度显著低于母材,而热影响区断裂韧度则介于母材和焊缝金属之间.     

激光冲击处理对焊接接头力学性能的影响

上文对GH30、1Cr18Ni9Ti焊缝进行了激光冲击处理,试验发现激光冲击处理提高G30焊接接头强度12％,仅对疲劳寿命影响不明显;冲击提高1Cr18Ni9Ti焊接接头强度仅为5％,但提高疲劳寿命300％以上。为作进一步分析,本文测试了两种金属焊缝在有无激光冲击处理条件下的表面显微硬度分布和残余应力状态,并对GH30试件疲劳断口进行扫描电镜分析。经分析发现,激光冲击处理能显著提高GH30焊缝表层的显微硬度,也可以提高抗拉强度并获得较高的表面残余压应力,因此强化区域能抑制疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展,降低裂纹扩展速率,但由于焊缝较宽,激光冲击光斑未能完全覆盖焊缝及热影响区,部分未冲击区域影响了疲劳寿命的提高。1Cr18Ni9Ti在等离子焊接过程中产生相变马氏体,减弱了激光冲击处理产生形变马氏体对提高显微硬度的作用,因此对抗拉强度影响不大,但激光冲击处理可以使焊缝表面获得较高的表面残余应力,因此能明显提高疲劳寿命。     

激光冲击处理对焊接接头力学性能的影响（Ⅱ）

上文对GH3 0、1Cr18Ni9Ti焊缝进行了激光冲击处理 ,试验发现激光冲击处理提高GH3 0焊接接头强度 12 % ,但对疲劳寿命影响不明显 ;冲击提高 1Cr18Ni9Ti焊接接头强度仅为 5 % ,但提高疲劳寿命 3 0 0 %以上。为作进一步分析 ,本文测试了两种金属焊缝在有无激光冲击处理条件下的表面显微硬度分布和残余应力状态 ,并对GH3 0试件疲劳断口进行扫描电镜分析。经分析发现 ,激光冲击处理能明显提高GH3 0焊缝表层的显微硬度 ,也可以提高抗拉强度并获得较高的表面残余压应力 ,因此强化区域能抑制疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展 ,降低裂纹扩展速率 ;但由于焊缝较宽 ,激光冲击光斑未能完全覆盖焊缝及热影响区 ,部分未冲击区域影响了疲劳寿命的提高。 1Cr18Ni9Ti在等离子焊接过程中产生相变马氏体 ,减弱了激光冲击处理产生形变马氏体对提高显微硬度的作用 ,因此对抗拉强度影响不大 ,但激光冲击处理可以使焊缝表面获得较高的表面残余压应力 ,因此能明显提高疲劳寿命。     

未焊透焊缝疲劳寿命估算

未焊透是起重机焊缝中最常见的缺陷之一,采用有限元软件ANSYS对未焊透的起重机焊缝试件进行仿真,通过数据拟合获得修正后的未焊透缺陷应力强度因子的表达式。利用断裂力学经典理论,结合疲劳试验数据和仿真数据估算各试件的疲劳寿命,与实验结果进行比较,为起重机未焊透焊缝的疲劳寿命计算提供了一种新的方法和手段。     

TC17钛合金电子束焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展规律及疲劳剩余寿命

首先通过试验取得母材及焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,然后结合TC17钛合金电子束焊接接头CTOD试验结果及裂纹容限计算值,以估算其疲劳剩余寿命.结果表明:在低应力水平或低△K下,TC17电子束焊缝的da/dN数据与母材的基本相当;然而随着应力水平的增加,焊缝的da/dN值越来越大.在初始裂纹尺寸相同的情况下,TC17合金电子束焊缝与母材疲劳裂纹扩展寿命曲线存在交叉点.当应力幅大于交叉点应力幅时,TC17母材疲劳裂纹扩展到临界裂纹尺寸的剩余寿命要高于相应焊缝的剩余寿命;当应力幅小于交叉点应力幅时,TC17母材扩展到临界裂纹尺寸的剩余寿命要低于相应焊缝的剩余寿命.     

X80大应变钢管焊接接头的疲劳性能北大核心CSCD

采用MTS landmark 370型液压伺服动静疲劳拉伸试验机研究了应力比(R=σmin/σmax)为0.1时X80大应变管线钢焊接接头的拉拉疲劳寿命;并采用显微硬度计和扫描电镜对焊接接头的硬度及疲劳断口进行了分析。结果表明:焊接接头的疲劳寿命显著低于母材;疲劳裂纹均萌生在焊缝熔合线处;裂纹沿热影响区向内扩展,当裂纹扩展到一定程度时,裂纹沿热影响区快速开裂。焊缝金属咬边所形成的夹杂物、焊缝的应力集中及热影响区性能恶化是疲劳裂纹萌生及快速扩展的原因。     

P92钢管焊接温度场和残余应力数值模拟

基于ANSYS大型有限元分析软件,建立了合适的有限元模型,对SA335-P92钢管的焊接残余应力进行了模拟,并将残余应力模拟结果与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,在焊接态下,焊缝区域周向残余应力呈拉应力状态,拉应力最大值出现在热影响区,焊缝轴向应力呈压应力状态,往两侧靠近母材的热影响区应力状态逐渐由压应力转变为拉应力,随着距离焊缝中心距离的增加,残余应力水平均逐渐降低;热处理态下,焊缝区域周向残余应力分布规律与焊接态相似,焊缝轴向应力则由焊接态时的压应力变为拉应力,两侧热影响区由拉应力变为压应力,应力水平均较焊接态时明显降低;残余应力分布模拟值与实测值分布规律基本吻合,数值上略有差异,所建立的模型能较为准确的模拟焊后残余应力分布规律。     

载荷方向对TC4钛合金激光焊缝疲劳性能的影响

针对不同载荷方向对TC4钛合金激光焊缝的疲劳性能的影响展开对比试验分析,对激光直、斜焊缝的疲劳寿命和疲劳断口进行了对比计算与分析.结果表明,直焊缝试件的疲劳寿命相比斜焊缝的分散性小,斜焊缝试件的中值疲劳寿命是直焊缝的1.98倍;直、斜焊缝试件疲劳裂纹均起始于显微硬度最低的热影响区表面,直焊试件裂纹在焊缝区扩展至断裂,疲劳裂纹扩展区有脆性解理特征,而斜焊试件裂纹穿过焊缝进入母材扩展至断裂,扩展区有典型韧性扩展特征;在瞬断区,斜焊缝试件比直焊缝表现出更好的韧性.     

FV520B钢十字焊接接头的疲劳性能

用金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察了FV520B钢焊接接头母材、焊缝及热影响区的微观组织;并通过透射电镜给出了母材和焊缝的微观形貌。结果表明:母材组织为细小均匀的回火马氏体、弥散分布的析出相及高密度位错,而焊缝为粗大的板条马氏体及少量的析出相,说明母材力学性能优于焊缝。利用疲劳实验获得了高平均拉应力下接头的疲劳强度及S-N曲线等。通过对疲劳断口的观察,发现疲劳断裂主要有两种形式:破坏于焊趾处和焊接缺陷处,由于这里严重的应力集中,加速了疲劳裂纹的萌生。     

2A12-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦焊多区域疲劳裂纹扩展行为

疲劳裂纹扩展速率是材料内在组织性能的宏观外在表现,显微组织和残余应力对宏观疲劳裂纹的扩展有显著的影响. 文中研究了2A12-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦焊不同区域的疲劳裂纹扩展速率. 结果表明,在焊缝区域,由于搅拌针强烈的机械和焊接热作用,材料组织发生变化,并伴有残余应力的产生,导致不同区域裂纹的扩展速率存在明显差异. 在低应力强度因子范围(ΔK)时,热影响区和垂直于焊缝方向的疲劳裂纹扩展速率基本相同,并且都高于沿焊缝方向裂纹的扩展速率;在高应力强度因子范围(ΔK)时,垂直于焊缝方向的扩展速率逐渐高于热影响区速率,此时这两个区域的裂纹扩展速率仍然高于沿焊缝方向裂纹的扩展速率.     

Microstructure and fatigue resistance of high strength dual phase steel welded with gas metal arc welding and plasma arc welding processes

This study presents the microstructure and high cycle fatigue performance of lap shear joints of dual phase steel (DP590) welded using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and plasma arc welding (PAW) processes. High cycle fatigue tests were conducted on single and double lap joints under a load ratio of 0.1 and a frequency of 20 Hz. In order to establish a basis for comparison, both weldments were fabricated to have the same weld depth in the plate thickness. The PAW specimens exhibited a higher fatigue life, a gentle S-N slope, and a higher fatigue limit than the GMAW specimens. The improvement in the fatigue life of the PAW specimens was primarily attributed to the geometry effect that exhibited lower and wider beads resulting in a lower stress concentration at the weld toe where cracks initiate and propagate. Furthermore, the microstructural constituents in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the PAW specimens contributed to the improvement. The higher volume fraction of acicular ferrite in the HAZ beneath the weld toe enhanced the PAW specimen’s resistance to fatigue crack growth. The double lap joints displayed a higher fatigue life than the single lap joints without changing the S-N slope.     

方波加载对20CrMo钢焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

利用拉-拉疲劳法和金属磁记忆检测法研究了20CrMo钢焊缝在方波加载方式下疲劳裂纹扩展与自发射磁信号的相关性,用扫描电镜对疲劳断口特征进行了研究.结果表明,裂纹到达焊缝中心前,随着疲劳寿命的增加,焊缝处的自发射磁信号也随着增加,疲劳裂纹扩展速率先增加后减小,当裂纹越过焊缝后,随着疲劳寿命的增加,焊缝处的自发射磁信号开始减小,疲劳裂纹的扩展速率却迅速增加.在焊接接头的不同区域,疲劳裂纹扩展速率也不相同,其中热影响区扩展速度较快,而在其它区域扩展速率相对较慢.断口扫描分析表明方波加载方式下的疲劳断口为类解理断裂.     

超高强钢点焊结构疲劳试验分析

以超高强淬火钢22MnB5为母体的点焊结构为研究对象,分别通过恒压和锻压工艺,利用光学显微镜,运用成组法进行了疲劳试验测试分析,结果表明,锻压和恒压二种工艺的p-S-N曲线显示出前者比后者工艺的疲劳寿命分散性略大及两种工艺的断裂模式基本相同,裂纹在焊核与热影响区交界处发生,并进一步向两侧较对称扩展至母材区,成为裂纹起裂点.异种母材与同种母材的试样发生疲劳断裂的位置相同,均为焊核与内层热影响区的交界处,异种母材的试样在裂纹扩展形态具有不对称性,疲劳失效均发生在低碳钢焊核处,得到三种应力等级下焊点的疲劳寿命变化曲线.     

超声冲击对SMA490BW钢焊接接头超高周疲劳性能的影响

采用超声冲击工艺对转向架用SMA490BW钢对接接头焊趾表面进行冲击处理,研究了超声冲击对接头超高周疲劳性能的影响。借助金相显微镜、SEM和TEM研究了冲击层金相组织、冲击前后焊趾处的形貌及表层金属晶粒细化程度。运用有限元软件计算焊接接头的应力分布,采用X射线应力仪对冲击前后焊趾表层的应力进行了测量和分析。结果表明,在5×10~6循环周次下,冲击态接头和焊态接头的疲劳强度分别为206 MPa和153 MPa,经冲击处理后疲劳强度提高了34.6%。在1×10~8循环周次下,冲击态接头的疲劳强度为195 MPa,与焊态接头的141 MPa相比提高了38.3%。在240 MPa的应力水平下,焊接接头经超声冲击处理后的疲劳寿命提高了7倍。经冲击处理的焊趾部位的应力集中系数下降了19.1%,其表面的残余拉应力得到消除,并转变为有益的残余压缩应力,焊趾表层组织得到明显细化,这3个方面均对提高焊接接头疲劳性能起到了积极贡献。     

Research about the Effect of Ultrasonic Impact on the Fatigue Properties of Cruciform Joints of 16MnR Steel

Surface impact treatment was carried out on the cruciform joint weldment of 16MnR steel by using the HJ-II-type ultrasonic impact machine.The ultrasonic impact current is 1.2 A,the impact amplitude is 30?m and ultrasonic impacting time is 30 and 60 min,respectively.Fatigue experiments were carried out for both treated specimen and un-treated specimen by using EHF-EM200K2-070-1A fatigue testing machine.The fatigue fractures were observed with the scanning electron microscope of 6360LA type and the microstructure of ultrasonic impact treating surface layer was analyzed by using high resolution transmission electron microscope of JEM-2100 type.The experimental results show that the microstructure of ultrasonic impact surface layer has been successfully nanocrystallized.The fatigue life of welded cruciform joints of 16MnR steel can be significantly improved through the ultrasonic impact treatment.The main reasons are that the ultrasonic impact treating can reduces the stress concentration in the weld toe,decrease the tensile stress,and even change to compressive stress in the weldment,the grain size in the welded joint can be refined.The longer the impact time,the greater increasing range of fatigue life will be.Compared to the sample without treatment,its fatigue life was increased 210.37%,362.48%,respectively,when the impact time was 30,60 min,respectively.     

J420焊接的造纸蒸球热影响区耐蚀性研究

针对亚铵法制浆造纸设备腐蚀的问题，采用三电极电化学研究法，金相组织分析法及重量法研究了造纸蒸球焊接热影响区在亚硫酸铵介质中的腐蚀行为.结果表明，温度升高和亚硫酸铵溶液浓度增大，均促使焊接热影响区的腐蚀速率增大;随着亚硫酸铵介质pH由酸性向碱性转变，极化体系中阳极区均出现钝化，其腐蚀速率减小;Q235钢用J420焊条焊接后，热影响区的组织特点决定了其耐蚀性较差.     

焊趾TIG熔修对10Ni5CrMoV钢焊接节点疲劳性能的影响

对焊趾氩弧(tungsten-arc inert-gas welding,TIG)熔修与否的10Ni5CrMoV钢大角度焊接节点进行了疲劳试验,比较了相同加载条件下的疲劳寿命、载荷与位移关系及疲劳裂纹启裂位置,同时测量了焊接接头残余应力,并采用有限元计算方法对承载条件下焊接节点的应力应变场进行了分析.结果表明,焊趾TIG熔修显著提高了10Ni5CrMoV钢焊接节点的疲劳性能,在相同承载条件下使焊接节点的疲劳寿命提高了34%.其主要原因在于TIG熔修能有效改善焊趾处的几何形状、降低应力集中程度,从而降低焊趾在承载条件下的应力应变水平,使焊接接头疲劳性能得到提高.     

Fatigue characteristics of patch plate joints by fillet welding assisted with bonding

A series of fatigue experiments and elastic analysis were carried out for investigating fatigue characteristics of patch plate joints assembled by fillet welding assisted with bonding. In the case that fatigue cracks occurred at the weld toe by the four-point bending fatigue experiment, the fatigue life of joints assembled by welding and bonding (WB) specimens were almost the same as those by only welding (W) specimens. The elastic analysis simulating the four-point bending loaded situation on W and WB specimens was performed for elucidating its reason. The stress concentration at the weld toe was even high in the WB specimens. Therefore, the fatigue life of WB specimens was not longer than that of W specimens. On the other hand, the stress around the weld root of WB specimen was around 30% of that of W specimen. The possibility of stress reduction effect by bonding was indicated around the weld root rather than around the weld toe. In order to verify this possibility, the four-point bending fatigue experiment was performed by setting the specimens so that the tensile stress was applied on the weld root. It was confirmed that the fatigue cracks occurred from the weld root in both W and WB specimens. The fatigue life defined in this study of WB specimens was from 4 to 8 times longer than that of W specimens when the applied nominal stress range was under 175 MPa. The fatigue life defined in this study of WB specimens was from 2 to 3 times longer than that of W specimens when the applied nominal stress range was over 200 MPa. The results indicated the fatigue life improvement of patch plate joints by fillet welding assisted with bonding when the fatigue cracks occurred at the weld root.