几种铝钢异种金属熔钎焊工艺的对比与分析

采用脉冲旁路耦合电弧MIG焊、CMT及激光焊方法实现铝/镀锌钢板搭接焊,对焊缝界面微观组织、形貌及元素成分进行了观察分析,并测试了其力学性能.结果表明,三种焊接方法均可以实现铝/镀锌钢板异种金属的优质连接,获得成形良好的焊缝,搭接接头的抗拉剪强度均可以达到铝合金母材的80%以上,拉伸试样断裂在焊缝铝合金母材热影响区.当母材热输入及工艺合适时,三种方法下搭接接头界面处均形成一主要成分为Fe₂Al₅和FeAl₃,平均厚度约为8 μm的金属间化合物,而且控制金属间化合物的生成是获得铝/钢焊接优质接头的关键.     

外加横向磁场的异种钢角焊电弧热输入分配

提出对电弧施加横向磁场的方法,通过偏转电弧改变焊缝两侧电弧热分配,从而提升焊缝成形质量.为了掌握外加横向磁场对电弧热输入分配的影响机制,开展了GTAW电弧热输入分配规律研究;建立了外加横向磁场下的异种钢角焊缝GTAW电弧-熔池耦合瞬态三维模型,对电弧温度场、电磁场、流场开展了耦合计算;对比分析了偏转焊枪与外加横向磁场偏转电弧两种电弧热量分配方式;在上述工作的基础上,研究了外加横向磁场偏转电弧方式磁感应强度对熔透形态和电弧热分配的影响规律.结果表明,偏转焊枪方式在角焊中适应性较差,而外加横向磁场偏转电弧可获得更好的焊接质量.相关研究可为此类异种钢角焊的焊接工艺参数优化提供技术支持.     

铝合金激光-MIG电弧复合焊接工艺北大核心

以5A06铝合金为研究对象,通过焊缝成形、焊接过程熔滴过渡稳定性、焊缝组织、接头性能等方面重点考察激光-短路MIG电弧复合、激光-CMT电弧复合、激光-脉冲MIG电弧复合焊接工艺特性。结果表明,采用激光-短路MIG电弧复合焊接方法获得的焊缝成形较差,不符合要求;采用激光-CMT电弧复合及激光-脉冲MIG电弧复合焊接方法容易获得连续、稳定的焊缝成形,焊接过程稳定,焊接接头的焊缝中部、熔合区及热影响区微观组织、焊接试件拉伸力学性能基本相同,抗拉强度、屈服强度和断后伸长率分别达到母材的90%及50%以上。     

铝合金激光-MIG电弧复合焊接工艺

以5A06铝合金为研究对象,通过焊缝成形、焊接过程熔滴过渡稳定性、焊缝组织、接头性能等方面重点考察激光-短路MIG电弧复合、激光-CMT电弧复合、激光-脉冲MIG电弧复合焊接工艺特性。结果表明,采用激光-短路MIG电弧复合焊接方法获得的焊缝成形较差,不符合要求;采用激光-CMT电弧复合及激光-脉冲MIG电弧复合焊接方法容易获得连续、稳定的焊缝成形,焊接过程稳定,焊接接头的焊缝中部、熔合区及热影响区微观组织、焊接试件拉伸力学性能基本相同,抗拉强度、屈服强度和断后伸长率分别达到母材的90%及50%以上。     

高匹配搭接角焊缝力学性能及应用效果分析

采用等匹配和高匹配焊材完成了高钢级B型套筒修复高钢级管道的试验研究. 结果表明,等匹配焊接和高匹配焊接的角焊缝焊接接头都具有良好的拉伸强度和冲击韧性,高匹配焊接接头熔覆金属的冲击韧性略低于等匹配,其焊接接头延展性略差;施焊后等匹配搭接角焊缝未发现焊接缺陷,焊接接头维氏硬度最大值为293 HV10,出现在角焊缝外表面与套筒搭接焊缝处;高匹配搭接角焊缝出现了起源于角焊缝外表面层的横向裂纹,且该焊接接头硬度整体偏高,最大值出现在外表面中心位置焊缝处,为403 HV10,与裂纹起裂位置对应,其产生原因与焊接过程中不同部位熔池金属冷却速率有关,尤其是外表面盖面焊处冷却速度较快,外壁层硬度值异常偏高,萌生裂纹.因此建议搭接角焊缝焊接焊材选择时,在不影响密封和承载前提下,可尝试降低焊缝匹配强度等级.     

环保焊枪吸烟对小电流CO2气体保护电弧焊的影响

采用环保焊枪进行了小电流二氧化碳气体保护电弧焊平焊位置焊接,通过分析焊接过程中电弧形貌、电流电压和熔滴过渡方式变化以及焊缝成形、焊缝金属拉伸力学性能和X射线探伤结果,评估了吸烟功率变化时的吸烟效果以及吸烟行为对于焊接过程和焊缝质量的影响规律. 结果表明,使用环保焊枪可以显著降低小电流二氧化碳气体保护电弧焊时飘散在周围空间中的焊接烟尘. 吸烟过程虽然使得短路过渡熔滴频率略有增加,悬挂熔滴和电弧的稳定性略为变差,但对焊缝成形和焊接缺陷都无影响,焊缝金属屈服强度略有减小,抗拉强度略有增加.     

TC4钛合金搭接接头双侧激光角焊的组织与性能

采用在基材预制"台阶"的方式来替代送丝,探索了TC4钛合金双侧角焊搭接接头无填丝激光焊接工艺,研究了焊接接头的宏观成形、微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,在激光功率1.1 kW、离焦量0 mm、光束入射角度60°、焊接速度3 m/min的焊接工艺下,采用尺寸为1.0 mm×1.0 mm的"台阶"可以获得焊缝填充饱满,无咬边缺陷,成形良好的双侧激光角焊搭接接头,接头拉剪强度达到965.1MPa,断裂位置在TC4母材上。搭接接头焊缝区组织由β柱状晶以及针状马氏体α′相组成;热影响区由初生的α相和针状马氏体α′相以及少量的粒状β相组成。     

异种钢LMHW与MIG焊接头力学性能对比分析

激光-MIG复合焊（LMHW）由于结合了激光和电弧两个独立热源各自的优点,极大程度地避免了二者的缺点,因此成为在汽车、船舶、石油化工等领域具有极大应用前景的新型焊接方法. 以25CrMo4和33MnCrB5-2异种钢试样为研究对象,对比研究了LMHW和MIG焊的焊接接头金相组织差别与硬度分布差异. 结果表明,LMHW焊缝成形均匀饱满,焊接成形效果好于MIG焊接. LMHW接头焊缝中心的组织比MIG焊的组织更细,整体硬度比MIG焊接头整体硬度高,接头的质量较MIG焊的接头质量好. LMHW的接头整体硬度高出MIG焊接头的整体硬度30%.     

6061铝合金/316L不锈钢CMT熔钎焊工艺

对1.5 mm厚6061铝合金和2 mm厚316L不锈钢进行搭接焊,所选焊丝为4043铝硅焊丝。运用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计及万能拉伸试验机研究了焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形及焊接接头界面组织与力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,焊接参数对焊接接头宏观形貌有显著的影响,钎焊界面处不可避免的生成以FeAl_3,Fe_2Al_5为主的金属间化合物相。拉剪试样断裂于钎焊金属间化合物层处,金属间化合物层厚度过大或过小都会影响焊接接头抗剪强度,厚度为1. 5μm时试样抗剪强度最高可达50 MPa。     

铝-铜平板磁脉冲焊接工艺研究

采用磁脉冲焊接技术对铝-铜异种金属板材进行了焊接试验,研究了放电电压和两板之间的间隙对接头抗剪强度及焊缝宽度的影响。结果表明:接头焊缝呈扁平椭圆形。焊接间隙为1.4 mm时,从整体上看,焊缝宽度与接头抗剪强度随着放电电压的增加而增大;放电电压为11 kV时,焊缝宽度和接头抗剪强度随着焊接间隙的增加先增大后减小。在接头界面微区,铝铜两种元素发生了相互扩散,未发现金属间化合物的产生,其硬度值随着距界面距离的增加而降低。     

不锈钢旁路分流MIG-TIG双面电弧焊工艺特性

以6 mm厚304不锈钢为试验材料,进行旁路分流MIG-TIG双面电弧焊接工艺试验.试验发现,该工艺不仅可以获得稳定可靠的焊接过程和美观的焊缝成形,还具有显著增加接头熔深、减少焊接缺陷、提高焊接生产率和降低焊接成本等优势,可实现在小电流(110 A)下6 mm厚304不锈钢的可靠连接.相同条件下,旁路分流MIG-TIG双面焊的熔化效率可达60.2%,远高于TIG焊的17.6%和旁路分流MIG焊的43.2%.拉伸试验表明,焊接接头的抗拉强度为776.5 MPa,约为母材强度的95%,接头断裂发生在焊接热影响区而非焊缝处,拉伸断口与受力方向约为45°,且断口表面颜色灰暗,呈典型的剪切型韧性断裂特征.     

基于单片机控制的Q890D钢/6061铝合金MIG焊接头组织与性能

选取TI公司开发的MSP430F149单片机为控制核心的MIG焊过程控制系统,研究焊接电流、焊接速度、焊接方向&焊枪角度和钢侧坡口角度等对Q890D钢/6061铝合金焊缝成形的影响,并在优化焊接工艺下分析焊接电流和焊接速度对Q890D钢/6061铝合金MIG焊接头界面区组织和接头力学性能的影响。结果表明:Q890D钢/6061铝合金适宜焊接方向为右焊法,适宜的焊枪角度为10°,适宜的钢侧坡口角度为45°,焊丝位置宜处于钢侧坡口中部,适宜的焊接电流和焊接速度分别为105 A和50 cm/min;不同焊接电流和焊接速度的Q890D钢/6061铝合金MIG焊接头的断裂位置都处于界面区,而MIG焊过程中界面区形成的靠近钢侧的(Fe,Cu)2Al5和靠近铝侧的(Fe,Cu)4Al13相的双层金属间化合物层结构有助于改善焊接质量。     

Multipass pulsed current gas metal arc welding of P91 steel

Conventional gas metal arc welding of modified 9Cr–1Mo steels referred to as P91 steels is considered difficult due to loss of alloying elements and degradation of weld joint properties. In comparison to the conventional process, pulsed current gas metal arc welding allows more accurate control of heat input per unit length and electrode deposition and, thus, can be more suitable for the joining of P91 steel. A detailed experimental study is therefore undertaken to examine the roles of welding current, speed and groove angle in the weld bead profiles and joint properties in multipass pulsed current gas metal arc welding of 12?mm thick P91 steel. The results show that the joint properties are strongly influenced by the heat input per unit length and the groove angle. A groove angle of 75° and an appropriate choice of process conditions resulted in fairly acceptable bead profiles and joint properties.     

不锈钢SUS 301L激光填丝搭接焊工艺

以接头形式0.6+2mm的不锈钢SUS 301L为对象,研究激光填丝焊激光功率、焊接速度、送丝速度3个主要工艺参数对焊缝成形、接头截面形貌及连接强度的影响规律。结果表明,随着激光功率的增加,焊缝熔深和熔宽增大,余高减小;随着焊接速度的增加,焊缝熔深、熔宽、余高均减小;随着送丝速度的增加,焊缝熔深和熔宽减小,余高增大。接头的最大拉力为14.43 k N,断裂在上层薄板母材中,焊缝强度大于母材。     

Effect of process parameters of micro-plasma arc welding on morphology and quality in stainless steel edge joint welds

Abstract

The effects of the process parameters of micro-plasma arc welding (micro-PAW) on the morphology and quality of stainless steel edge joint welds were investigated. Micro-PAW was applied on type 304 stainless steels to produce an edge joint weld. Welding experiments were carried out for various combinations of arc current, welding speed, arc length, shielding gas, and clamp distance, with all other operating conditions held constant. The experimental results indicated that the collimated shape of the low current plasma arc was mainly responsible for the low sensitivity of the weld morphology to variations in the nozzle standoff distances. The arc voltage increased with increasing quantity of added hydrogen in the argon shielding gas. It was also found that satisfactory edge joint welds can be formed using a clamp distance of 0.35 mm, and that the edge joint penetration on a 0.1 mm thickness stainless steel is about 60% of the clamp distance.     

Dissimilar Joining of Zircaloy-4 to Type 304L Stainless Steel by Friction Welding Process

Zirconium- and titanium-based dissolver vessels containing highly radioactive and concentrated corrosive nitric acid solution needs to be joined to the rest of fuel reprocessing plant made of AISI type 304L stainless steel (SS), which demands high integrity and corrosion resistant dissimilar joints. Solid-state joining process of friction welding was proposed in the present work to join zircaloy-4 and type 304L SS since fusion welding processes produce brittle intermetallic precipitates at the interface which reduce the mechanical strength as well as the corrosion resistance of the joint. The present study attempts to optimize joining parameters, without and with thin Ta and Ni interlayers that can prevent brittle intermetallic formation. Tensile test, three-point bend test, and microhardness measurements were performed on the joints. Characterization techniques such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed. A good friction weld joint of zircaloy-4 to 304L SS was achieved with the joint strength (~540 MPa) greater than that of the base of zircaloy-4, without using any interlayer. A bend ductility of 5° was only obtained without using any interlayer. However, XRD patterns indicated the presence of intermetallics in the friction-welded joints without interlayers. Corrosion test carried out on zircaloy-4 to 304L SS friction joint in boiling 11.5 M nitric acid exhibited corrosion rate of 225 μm/year after 240 h. SEM examination of the corroded joint indicated severe intergranular corrosion attack over stainless steel and preferential dissolution at the interface.     

预置间隙对铝/钢CMT接头强度与失效模式的影响

采用CMT熔钎焊方法,对汽车用镀锌低碳钢板与6061铝合金焊接接头的强度与破坏模式进行了研究.采用不同规格的塞尺控制铝/钢搭接接头的预置间隙,以改变铝/钢异种材料熔钎焊接头的熔合面积.结果表明,通过预置间隙的方法可以有效增大熔合线长度,从而提高焊缝接头的拉剪强度.在间隙为0.5 mm时失效模式发生变化,主要原因是焊趾处铝/钢界面层中的锌元素增大了界面层的脆性.     

铝/钢异种金属Nd:YAG激光-MIG复合热源熔-钎焊接工艺

铝与钢异种金属的优质高效焊接一直是焊接领域的一项技术难题.针对铝与钢焊接的技术困难和特点,提出了可实现铝与钢熔-钎连接的大光斑激光-电弧复合热源焊接方法,用该焊接方法实现了5A02铝合金板与镀锌钢板的优质高效连接.试验结果分析表明,接头钢母材未发生熔化,焊缝与钢母材为钎焊连接,拉伸试样的破坏位置发生在接头铝母材热影响区,接头的抗拉强度与铝合金电弧熔化焊接头强度相当.     

焊丝对工业纯铜和304不锈钢钨极氩弧焊接的影响(英文)

采用不同焊丝对工业纯铜和304不锈钢进行钨极氩弧焊接。结果表明,采用铜做焊丝时,焊缝无任何缺陷生成,而采用304不锈钢和Ni-Cu-Fe合金为焊丝材料时,焊缝中有凝固裂纹和未熔化区存在。在最优条件下,焊缝的抗拉强度能达到铜材的96%。焊缝在弯曲到180°下也没有分离、撕裂和断裂等现象发生。这表明铜是一种较好的工业纯铜与304不锈钢GTA焊的焊丝材料。