带锈碳钢在流动海水中的长期腐蚀行为

将Q235碳钢在流动海水中浸泡280 d,利用失重法和多种腐蚀电化学方法研究了其在浸泡过程中的腐蚀规律.结果表明,与静止海水浸泡相比,在流动体系长时间浸泡后,电极表面几乎不存在疏松的黄色锈层,而被一层致密的黑色腐蚀产物所覆盖;失重法测得的腐蚀速率随腐蚀时间延长呈现减小的趋势,并最终趋于稳定,与静止海水相比,流动海水中的腐蚀速率高出约1倍;电化学方法测得的腐蚀速率则随浸泡时间的延长而增大,与失重法的结果之间存在较为明显的偏差,并且浸泡时间越长,这一偏差越明显.长期浸泡后,碳钢表面的锈层对电化学测试结果产生影响,是导致电化学方法不能准确评估腐蚀速率的原因.     

海水中碳钢短期腐蚀行为的电化学研究方法

研究了海水中碳钢7周内短期腐蚀行为的电化学测试结果(包括极化曲线、线性极化法、电化学阻抗技术和恒电位阶跃法)的可靠性.结果表明,碳钢在海水中小于2个月的短期浸泡条件下,电化学方法和失重法测定的腐蚀速度均随时间逐渐减小,变化趋势相同,数值基本一致.这表明短期浸泡碳钢表面生成的腐蚀产物虽然阻碍了溶解氧的扩散,降低了腐蚀速度,但没有参加测试过程中的电化学反应.在各种电化学方法中,线性极化法和电化学阻抗技术测定的腐蚀速度与失重法最为接近,误差小于5%,可以用于2个月内短期海水浸泡碳钢的腐蚀速度监测和腐蚀行为评价.     

海水中带锈Q235钢腐蚀电化学参数测定

利用失重法和电化学方法对在海水中浸泡不同时间的Q235钢电极的腐蚀行为和腐蚀速率规律进行了研究。结果表明,对于长期浸泡的Q235钢电极,失重法和电化学方法得到的腐蚀速率结果存在很大差异。利用XRD测定了长期浸泡后锈层成分的变化,发现长期浸泡Q235钢电极锈层中的电化学活性成分β-FeOOH在测试过程中发生还原反应,导致利用电化学方法测得的Q235钢腐蚀速率大于失重法的结果,并且随浸泡时间的延长,这一偏差增大。对长期浸泡Q235钢电极进行电流密度为-25 μA/cm²阴极恒电流预极化处理后发现,随着浸泡时间的延长极化时间也延长,同时,经过预处理之后的Q235钢电极电化学方法测得的腐蚀速率与失重法的结果具有一致的变化规律,表明施加合适的阴极极化预处理能够减小电化学方法与失重法测试结果的偏差。     

碳钢在我国不同海域的海水腐蚀行为

研究了碳钢在我国不同海域暴露8～10 a的腐蚀行为 ,总结探讨了碳钢在海水中的腐蚀规律和特性和我国海域的海水腐蚀性.在同一海水条件下 ,不同种类碳钢的平均腐蚀深度比较接近,但点蚀深度比较分散和不稳定.碳钢在海水中浸 泡第1、2 a的腐蚀（失重和点蚀）速度较快,长期浸泡趋于稳定.并且,点蚀的稳定速度约 等于它的稳定腐蚀速度.稳定腐蚀速度的大小反映了海水的腐蚀性强弱.与北美洲海域的结果 比较,碳钢在我国海域的腐蚀速度范围较大.     

滨海电厂水系统碳钢管道的腐蚀控制

针对某滨海电厂海水及海水反渗透产水管道的腐蚀现象,采用失重法、扫描电镜、X射线衍射及电化学测试,对比研究了碳钢在其中的腐蚀差异。结果表明:在海水中锈层抑制氧的传递,对碳钢起保护作用;在反渗透产水中锈层起大阴极作用,加速基体腐蚀。实际工程中,海水反渗透产水比海水对碳钢管道更具侵蚀性。重新矿化反渗透产水是降低其腐蚀性的有效方法;另外,可考虑采用更耐蚀的不锈钢、碳钢衬塑管等作为管材。     

带锈碳钢在稀 NaCl 溶液中的腐蚀行为

目的探索锈层对碳钢腐蚀的影响过程。方法通过失重法、表面分析、电化学测试等方法,研究碳钢在稀NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果在稀NaCl溶液中,初始产物γ-FeOOH表现为氧化剂,易还原成Fe3O4。金属表面将迅速形成黄色薄外层(γ-FeOOH层)+黑色厚内层(Fe3O4层)的双层锈层。外锈层因γ-FeOOH的还原反应而加速阴极过程;内锈层起大阴极的作用,溶解氧可以直接在其表面被还原。结论锈层将显著加速碳钢的腐蚀,最终腐蚀速率将由溶液中的氧极限扩散速率决定。防腐措施应能抑制锈层的腐蚀促进作用。     

海水淡化一级反渗透产水中带锈碳钢的腐蚀控制

带锈层碳钢在海水淡化一级反渗透产水中腐蚀非常严重,采用失重法、电化学测量及表面分析技术研究了六偏磷酸钠及硫酸锌复配缓蚀剂对带锈碳钢的缓蚀作用。结果表明,六偏磷酸钠及硫酸锌对带锈碳钢具有很强的协调缓蚀效果,复配药剂的缓蚀效率随着加药量的增加而提高,两者的最优配比为1∶1;综合考虑加药的经济性及缓蚀效果,理想加药量可选择为20mg/L,此时缓蚀率可达70%以上。表面分析结果表明,该复配缓蚀剂能够与碳钢表面氧化物结合成膜,使锈层更致密,从而阻碍腐蚀的进行。     

微生物对碳钢海水腐蚀影响的电化学研究

通过在现场海水中暴露制备带微生物的试样,用电化学测量技术研究了微生物对碳钢海水腐蚀速度和腐蚀机制的影响。碳钢在海水中的腐蚀速度经历下降-稳定-上升的变化趋势。微生物主要是内锈层中的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB),其可加速碳钢的腐蚀。当内锈层中SRB的加速腐蚀作用大于锈层的缓蚀作用时,碳钢的腐蚀速度出现上升趋势。碳钢在海水中的腐蚀可分为氧扩散控制、过渡和SRB活性控制3个阶段。     

耐候锈层的耐腐蚀机理研究

通过模拟工业大气环境的周期浸润实验室加速试验,研究耐候钢和碳钢的锈层腐蚀初期生长规律以及耐候钢锈层的耐腐蚀机理;对试验钢样进行了腐蚀失重分析,通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射等手段对锈层形貌和结构进行分析.结果发现,腐蚀初期耐候钢的锈层组织成分主要以α-FeOOH为主;碳钢的锈层组织成分主要以Fe2O3为主.α-FeOOH晶体枝晶尺寸纤细,锈层致密具有保护性;Fe2O3枝晶粗大,锈层疏松和多孔不具有保护性.     

海水腐蚀试验站碳钢低合金钢全浸试片的现场腐蚀检测

制作了用于海水腐蚀试验站全浸区暴露试片电化学检测的电极系统，采用极化电阻（Rp）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）等测试技术，对舟山海水腐蚀试验站的4种碳钢和低合金钢全浸试片进行了现场电化学检测。测试结果反映了试片在海水中不同时期的腐蚀行为以及海水环境因素的影响。暴露期间，试片风值的变化主要是由于试片表面锈层的堆积和海水温度变化的结果，测试结果也表明了EIS技术能够用于试片海水腐蚀的现场检测，阻抗图谱反映了试片在海水中的腐蚀机制。一年周期电化学测试结果与失重法测得的腐蚀速率相近。     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of 300M ultra high strength steel in chloride containing environment

The electrochemical corrosion behavior of 300M ultra high strength steel in chloride containing environment was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that uniform corrosion occurs on 300M steel during the electrochemical measurements because no anodic passivation phenomenon is observed on polarization curves within the measurement range. The tests also show that 300M steel is highly susceptible to chloride containing solution, which is characterized by corrosion current density increasing with the addition of chlorides, and corrosion potential shifting towards positive direction and corrosion resistance decreasing, positively suggesting that chloride ions speed up the corrosion rate of 300M steel. Meanwhile corrosion products on the 300M steel surface formed during the salt spray test are too loose and porous to effectively slow down the corrosion rate. Additionally, a schematic structure of uniform corrosion mechanism can explain that 300M steel has better property of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance than stainless steels.     

中性介质中Q420qD高强桥梁钢的腐蚀行为

通过中性盐雾腐蚀试验、电化学测试等手段研究了Q420qD超低碳贝氏体高强桥梁钢和其对比材料F500L-Z普钢在中性介质中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:Q420qD超低碳贝氏体高强桥梁钢的耐腐蚀性优于F500L-Z普钢;其电化学阻抗值随金属材料浸泡时间的延长而增大,说明随着浸泡时间的延长,金属材料表面锈层不断加厚,逐渐增加了阻挡电解液对金属材料的侵蚀及金属材料表面金属原子失去电子向溶液中迁移的过程.     

Galvanic Corrosion of a Carbon Steel-Stainless Steel Couple in Sulfide Solutions

The galvanic corrosion behavior of carbon steel-stainless steel couples with various cathode/anode area ratios was investigated in S ²⁻-containing solutions, which were in equilibrium with air, by electrochemical measurements, immersion test, and surface characterization. It is found that the galvanic corrosion effect on carbon steel anode increases with the cathode/anode area ratios, and decreases with the increasing concentration of S²⁻ in the solution. A layer of sulfide film is formed on carbon steel surface, which protects it from corrosion. When the cathode/anode area ratio is 1:1, the potentiodynamic polarization curve measurement and the weight-loss determination give the identical measurement of the galvanic corrosion effect. With the increase of the cathode/anode area ratio, the electrochemical method may not be accurate to determine the galvanic effect. The anodic dissolution current density of carbon steel cannot be approximated simply with the galvanic current density.     

Microstructure and corrosion behavior of the AISI 304 stainless steel after Nd:YAG pulsed laser surface melting

Different laser energy densities were utilized to treat AISI 304 stainless steel via Nd:YAG pulsed laser surface melting (LSM). The surface composition and microstructure of the stainless steel were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). In particular, the corrosion behaviors of the stainless steel surface without and with LSM were evaluated by the electrochemical polarization measurement in 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature. The results showed that the stainless steel surface without LSM suffered severe localized pitting under the testing conditions. A thin surface oxide protective layer was produced on the stainless steel surface with LSM, which considerably improved the corrosion resistance properties of the stainless steel. The height differences of the corrosion regions on the stainless steel surface with LSM were measured to establish more corrosion resistant region, using scanning confocal laser microscopy. The underlying corrosion mechanism of the stainless steel with LSM was revealed.     

pH值对碳钢在高含硫油田水中腐蚀行为的影响

采用电化学测试方法和动态腐蚀失重实验并结合扫描电镜和能谱分析, 研究不同pH值下J55钢在高含硫油田水中的腐蚀行为。结果表明, 随着溶液pH值升高, J55钢阴极去极化作用减弱, 腐蚀速率下降。当pH值在5.6~7.2时, 腐蚀产物主要是疏松且易脱落的粗晶粒四方硫铁矿FeS_1-x, 无法在碳钢表面形成保护膜, 形成大量腐蚀坑, 使碳钢表面腐蚀较严重;当pH值在8.7~11.0时, 腐蚀产物主要是氧化铁, 在碳钢表面形成了致密的保护膜, 阳极有明显的钝化现象, 碳钢表面腐蚀轻微。     

Corrosion of low alloy steel in stagnant artificial or stirred natural seawater: The role of Al and Cr

Carbon steel and low alloy (containing Al and Cr) steel coupons were immersed for 6–7 months in stagnant artificial seawater or in natural marine site. The corrosion processes were studied via the combination of electrochemical techniques and the analysis of corrosion product layers by µ‐Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. In natural seawater, the low alloy steel showed better resistance to corrosion and the best results were obtained when the mill scale was removed from the steel surface. This shows that improved corrosion resistance is due to a protective layer that forms spontaneously in the environment. In stagnant artificial seawater, the behavior of low alloy steel coupons (without mill scale) was compared with that of carbon steel coupons. The polarization resistance of the carbon steel coupons remained approximately constant over time. The corrosion product layer proved to be mainly composed of magnetite, an electronic conductor that does not hinder oxygen reduction. In contrast, the polarization resistance of the low alloy steel coupons increased with time, as the growing corrosion product layer, enriched with insulating FeOOH compounds, hindered oxygen diffusion.     

Electrochemical polymerization of o-anisidine on low carbon steel from aqueous salicylate solution: Corrosion protection study

The electrochemical polymerization of o-anisidine was carried out on low carbon steel from an aqueous salicylate medium using cyclic voltammetry. The resulting poly(o-anisidine) coatings were uniform and adherent to the steel substrates. These coatings were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction measurements and scanning electron microscopy. The ability of the poly(o-anisidine) coatings to protect low carbon steel in an aqueous 3% NaCl was evaluated by the potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The potentiodynamic polarization measurement reveals that the poly(o-anisidine) coating increases the corrosion potential and reduces the corrosion rate of low carbon steel almost by a factor of 15.     

Cu,P,Cr 和 Ni 对低碳钢耐蚀性的影响简

选择Cu-P-Cr-Ni钢、Cu-P-Cr钢和Q235碳钢,在0.01 mol/L的NaHSO3溶液中进行周期浸润、阻抗谱和极化曲线实验,研究了Cu-P-Cr-Ni系合金钢相比Q235碳钢在模拟工业大气(SO2)环境下的耐腐蚀性能;利用SEM,EPMA面扫描和XRD分析腐蚀锈层的形貌、组成及Cu,Cr和Ni的元素分布情况。结果表明:Cu-P-Cr-Ni系钢的腐蚀诱发敏感性最低,其次为Cu-P-Cr钢,腐蚀速率分别为Q235碳钢的59.5%和52.8%;锈层分为内、外两层,致密的内锈层明显发生Cu的颗粒状、Cr的团聚状富集,外锈层主要有Cr的富集,Ni富集不明显。Cu和Cr等的富集可形成致密的内锈层,提高低碳钢的耐蚀性。