Al-C和Al-Ti-C中间合金对AZ91合金晶粒的细化

制备出两种用于AZ91合金晶粒细化的Al-C和Al-Ti-C中间合金.结果表明:这两种中间合金对AZ91合金均有良好的晶粒细化作用.向AZ91合金中加入1%的Al-C中间合金可使晶粒由原来的约130μm减小至65μm左右;向AZ91合金中加入1%的Al-TI-C中间合金可使晶粒由原来的约130μm减小至45μm左右.然而,两种中间合金添加量分别大于1%时,晶粒尺寸没有进一步的变化.分析认为:Al-C和Al-Ti-C中间合金起晶粒细化作用的分别是Al4C3相和Al4C3和TiC复合相.     

Al-8Ti-2C中间合金对AZ91D镁合金的组织和性能的影响

研究Al-8Ti-2C中间合金对AZ91D镁合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加Al-8Ti-2C中间合金可使AZ91D晶粒细化,而且可以改变-βMg17A112相的形态,由连续状或断续状β相转变为粒状β相,但当Al-8Ti-2C中间合金的加入量大于0.4%时,镁合金的晶粒有粗化趋势。Al-8Ti-2C中间合金对AZ91D合金拉伸强度和伸长率的影响具有类似的趋势,即随着Al-8Ti-2C中间合金加入量的增加,AZ91D合金的拉伸强度和伸长率先升高,后下降,当加入量为0.4%时具有最大值。AZ91D合金断裂机制存在着由解理断裂向准解理断裂再向解理断裂转化的模式。Al-8Ti-2C中间合金的加入,并没有改变基体-αMg的树枝晶形态,但对其尺寸大小有影响。     

Al-Ti-C中间合金对Mg-Al合金的晶粒细化作用

制备了一种用于Mg-Al合金晶粒细化的Al-Ti-C中间合金。发现该Al-Ti-C中间合金可以有效地细化镁合金的晶粒，细化后的AZ61合金的抗腐蚀性能大大提高。分析认为，Al-Ti-C中间合金中起晶粒细化作用的是Al4C3和TiC的复合相。     

Ca和Sr对AZ91D合金组织的细化作用

研究了Ca ,Sr对AZ91D合金晶粒细化的影响。试验结果表明 ,往AZ91D合金中添加少量的Ca[w(Ca) <1.0 %] ,虽然可以起到细化晶粒、提高屈服强度的作用 ,但是由于Al2 Ca相在晶界的偏聚 ,使得合金的基体脆化 ,导致了合金的抗拉强度和伸长率均下降。往AZ91D合金中添加少量的Sr[w(Sr) <0 .2 %] ,晶粒尺寸基本不发生变化。往AZ91D合金中复合添加Ca ,Sr ,不仅可以减小AZ91D合金的晶粒尺寸 ,而且还可以提高Mg合金的综合力学性能。     

Al3Ti3B中间合金对AZ91D镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了Al3Ti3B中间合金对AZ91D镁合金显微组织及力学性能的影响.通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察发现,Al3Ti3B中间合金能显著减小AZ91D合金的二次枝晶臂间距与晶粒尺寸,在加入0.3%Al3Ti3B时晶粒尺寸就由原来的约260 μm减小至约100μm.伴随着合金晶粒尺寸的减小,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率都明显提高,这主要是由于晶粒细化后能阻碍裂纹扩展的有效晶界增多,晶界强化作用显著;同时,Al3Ti3B中间合金的加入促使溶质均匀分布,使共晶体(α Mg17Al12)形貌发生改变,共晶体尺寸减小,这有利于裂纹切过脆性的共晶体传播,提高合金的变形协调能力.     

不同状态Mg-9Sr中间合金对AZ31镁合金铸态组织的影响

研究Mg-9Sr中间合金及其处理工艺对AZ31镁合金铸态组织的影响。结果表明：在AZ31镁合金中加入不同状态的Mg-9Sr中间合金（常规铸态、快速凝固态、固溶态和轧制态）对AZ31镁合金均有很好的晶粒细化效果,其中轧制态Mg-9Sr中间合金的细化效果最好,其次依次为固溶态、常规铸态和快速凝态Mg-9Sr中间合金。在Sr加入量0.1%和熔体保温时间80 min条件下,轧制态Mg-9Sr中间合金可使AZ31镁合金获得62 μm的最小平均晶粒尺寸。     

Al-Ti-C中间合金在ZL205A合金石膏型铸造中的应用

通过对石膏型铸造ZL205A合金添加不同含量的Al-Ti-C中间合金,研究了Al-Ti-C中间合金对ZL205A合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,当Al-Ti-C中间合金添加量为0.7%时,ZL205A晶粒的细化效果最好,晶粒尺寸达到82μm。经过T5处理,添加0.7%的Al-Ti-C中间合金的ZL205A合金的抗拉强度为456MPa,伸长率达到8.2%,比未处理的ZL205A合金性能有了显著提升。     

稀土元素对AZ91D镁合金组织与性能的影响研究

采用稀土元素La对AZ91D镁合金进行材料改性,以提高该合金的力学性能与耐磨性。结果表明:AZ91D+La合金的晶粒及硬质β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相较AZ91D镁合金要明显细化,并且AZ91D+La合金铸态组织中存在针状的稀土Al4La相。加入稀土元素La的AZ91D合金的硬度、屈服强度、伸长率和拉伸强度分别增长了14.77%、16.67%、12.12%、19.02%,且添加La的AZ91D合金较未添加稀土La的AZ91D镁合金具有更好的耐磨性。     

碳对镁铝合金晶粒细化影响的研究

研究AM50合金与AZ91D我国跨合金采用碳进行熔体处理后晶粒形貌和晶粒大小的变化.结果表明,碳的加入使AM50合金晶粒尺寸由3.4 mm减小到0.86 mm,AZ91D合金晶粒尺寸由568μm减小到100,μm左右.同时熔体处理后镁合金晶粒的晶界组织由不连续的块状分布变为相对粗大集中的连续网状分布.简述了碳对锾合金的细化机制.     

碳及电磁搅拌对AZ91D合金显微组织的影响

研究了纳米级活性碳粉及电磁搅拌对AZ91D合金晶粒组织的影响.结果表明,当碳粉添加量大于0.1%时,细化效果显著,晶粒尺寸100 μm左右,约为重熔试样晶粒尺寸的30%,且随添加量增加,碳时晶粒细化的效果趋于稳定;加电磁搅拌后,合金组织趋于均匀,β相在晶界上呈连续网状均匀分布.加碳0.1%并进行电磁搅拌可使AZ91D合金晶粒细小圆整,尺寸达55 μm左右,形状因子约0.85.     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.     

试论洋务派教师聘任的思想

洋务派在洋务学堂的办学活动中,为了解决西学专业学科的教学困难,采用了聘请外籍教师的应急措施.他们以真才实学,合同制管理作为主导思想,并认为这种解决师资的途径只是权宜之计,并非久远.从客观上看,洋务派的教师聘任思想有深刻的历史影响.     

胫骨生物陶瓷复合材料的微结构增韧机理

扫描电镜观察显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的自然生物陶瓷复合材料.羟基磷灰石具有层状的微结构并且平行于骨的表面排列.观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成,这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状,也以平行的方式整齐排列.基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征,通过微结构模型分析及实验,研究了羟基磷灰石片平行排列微结构的最大拔出能.结果表明,羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及平行排列方式增加了其最大拔出能,进而提高了骨的断裂韧性.     

Mechanism of Nucleation of Precipitates of Carbides of Refractory Metals Under Hot Rolling of Automotive Sheet Steel

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - The problem of formation of properties in microalloyed sheet steels is considered. The cause and the possible mechanism of precipitation of carbides of refractory...