Al含量对含稀土AZ系镁合金组织及性能的影响

以含稀土AZ系镁合金为基,制备了铝含量分别为5%、7%、9%的合金试样,并对其进行435 ℃×24 h固溶+200 ℃×24 h时效处理,对试样的铸态、固溶态和时效态的显微组织进行了观察,随后测定了试样时效后的力学性能以及耐蚀性能。结果表明,铸态镁合金组织主要为α-Mg+β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂+Al₁₁(La,Ce)₃和(La,Ce)Al₄;随着Al含量的增加,β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂和稀土化合物相增多,晶粒细化。固溶处理后,组织中的β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相会逐渐溶解,随着Al含量的增多,溶解将会不完全,未溶的强化相β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂和稀土化合物相弥散分布在晶界及其附近处。时效处理后,随着Al含量的增加,组织中继续析出的β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相增多,稀土化合物相尺寸细化。随着Al元素的增多,试样的抗拉强度和硬度逐渐增大,塑韧性则愈来愈差,耐腐蚀性越来越好。     

时效处理和La含量对AZ91合金组织和力学性能的影响

借助XRD,SEM,EDS和显微硬度仪等分析测试手段,研究了时效处理和La含量对真空精炼的AZ91合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:时效处理可以使第二类β相大量析出,且β相呈不连续层片状沿晶界两侧分布.随La含量的增加,β相的尺寸逐渐减小,而α相的尺寸则呈现先减小后增加的趋势.铸态和时效态试样的力学性能参数均随La含量的增加呈现出先增加后减小的趋势.时效态试样的抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率和Vickers硬度分别比铸态试样提高12.65%,16.85%,13.71%和37.24%.当La含量达到0.1648%时,抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率和Vickers硬度分别达到276 MPa,208 MPa,13.85%和132HV.     

汽车发动机用AZ91D合金的表面喷涂与性能

采用热喷涂工艺在压铸态AZ91D合金表面制备了Al涂层,研究了热处理温度和保温时间对AZ91/Al涂层界面组织形貌的影响,并对比分析了扩散层的耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能。结果表明,热处理前Al涂层与基材为机械结合,热处理后Al涂层与AZ91合金基材的界面处可形成冶金结合扩散层,且随着保温时间延长,扩散层厚度不断增加;热处理温度在375 ℃以下时扩散层主要由β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相构成,375 ℃×8 h热处理后为α-Mg+β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相,425 ℃×1 h热处理后为γ-Mg₂Al₃和β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相。AZ91合金基材和扩散层腐蚀电位从高至低顺序为γ>β>α+β>AZ91合金基材,扩散层的腐蚀电流密度均低于AZ91合金基材,阻抗谱图中容抗弧半径从大至小顺序为γ>β>α+β>AZ91合金基材,扩散层的耐腐蚀性能均优于AZ91合金基材;γ、β和α+β扩散层的摩擦稳定性系数都高于AZ91合金基材,而磨损速率和磨痕宽度都要小于AZ91合金基材,其中β扩散层的磨损速率和磨痕宽度最小,具有最佳的抵抗磨损的能力。     

Nd对压铸AZ91D合金组织与性能的影响

传统压铸获得AZ91D和AZ91D-1.11Nd两种合金试样,采用光学金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了压铸态微观组织和相组成,并测试了其拉伸力学性能、硬度、导热性能和流动性能。结果表明,在AZ91D合金中添加1.11%Nd后,压铸态晶粒有所细化,形成较多弥散分布的细小颗粒状Al2Nd和少量针状Al₁₁Nd₃,原有的半连续网状分布的β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂数量有所减少。压铸态AZ91D-1.11Nd合金呈现良好的综合性能,室温抗拉强度、伸长率和热导率分别为272 MPa、12.0%和69.5 W/(m·K),与AZ91D合金相比分别提高14%、100%和14%;同时呈现与AZ91D合金相当的优异铸造工艺性能,流动长度达到1161 mm。     

T4和T6热处理参数对AZ91+x％La镁合金组织和性能的影响

在不同的T4和T6热处理参数下,对AZ91+x％La镁合金在的组织和硬度的变化进行了研究.结果表明,T4(410℃+16 h)固溶处理后,由于合金的大部分β相都溶入基体中,硬度比铸态时有所下降;T6( 170℃+24 h)时效处理后,基体上析出了大量晶界分布或在α相晶粒内的层片状β-Mg17Al12相,合金硬度得到显著提高,且AZ91 +0.16％ La镁合金时效态试样的硬度最高,可达138 HV.     

La和Nd复合添加对AZ91镁合金铸态组织和性能的影响

利用SEM和XRD等方法研究了总添加量为2.5%(质量分数, 下同)的单加或复合添加La和Nd的AZ91镁合金的铸态显微组织和相组成,并测试和分析了合金的室温力学性能。结果表明：单加或复合添加2.5%的La和Nd使AZ91合金中的β相Mg17Al12数量明显减少。单加La和单加Nd在AZ91合金中形成的稀土相分别是针状的Al11La3和块状的Al2Nd;二者复合加入时两种稀土相同时出现,Al11La3相和Al2Nd相的尺寸较单加时有所减小,其相对含量与两种稀土元素添加量成正比。当复合添加La和Nd时,Al11La3相中的部分La和Al2Nd相中的部分Nd分别被Nd和La置换。相对于单一添加,复合添加La和Nd能更显著地改善AZ91的力学性能。本实验研究的合金中,AZ91+1.0%La+1.5% Nd合金力学性能最好,其铸态合金的抗拉强度和延伸率分别为235 MPa和10%     

AZ91+0~2.0%La铸造镁合金的组织和力学性能

利用SEM和XRD等方法研究不同La添加量的AZ91+xLa(x=0%,0.3%,0.5%,0.7%,1.0%,1.5%,2.0%)(质量分数,下同)镁合金的铸态显微组织和相组成,并测试和分析合金的室温力学性能.结果表明:AZ91合金中加入0.3%～2.0%的La后,合金的晶界和枝晶界析出Al11La3化合物,其形态随La含量的增加从针状向片状过渡,同时β-Mg17Al12相的体积分数及尺寸随La加入量的增加而减小.此外,La的加入可明显细化AZ91合金的显微组织,其最佳加入量为1.0%～1.5%.稀土La的加入可以明显改善AZ91合金的力学性能,其原因与稀土细化组织、改变β-Mg17Al12相的体积分数及尺寸、弥散强化等有关.在本试验研究的合金中,AZ91+1.5%La合金力学性能最好,其铸态合金的抗拉强度和断裂延伸率分别达到226 MPa和7.5%.     

固溶处理AZ91-xCu合金的组织与腐蚀性能

以真空熔炼方法制备的AZ91-xCu(x=0、0.5、1、2)合金为研究对象,对其进行400 ℃保温12 h固溶处理,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、浸泡失重法及极化曲线测试等手段对合金的微观结构和腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明:铸态与固溶态AZ91-xCu合金基体主要由α-Mg与β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相组成,Cu的添加使基体产生了Mg₂Cu、Cu₅Zn₈等相,其中固溶态AZ91-2Cu合金中出现了新相Al₂Cu;固溶处理时合金中的β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相大量溶入基体,晶界明显,剩余第二相主要分布于晶界处,少量弥散分布于晶内;添加Cu与固溶处理均加快AZ91合金的腐蚀速率,其中固溶态AZ91-2Cu合金腐蚀速率最大。     

热处理对细晶AZ91D镁合金组织和性能的影响

采用MEF-3金相显微镜、JSM-6700F扫描电镜、EMPA-1600电子探针以及WDW-100D型电子万能实验机等,对经Al-Ti-B细化处理的AZ91D镁合金铸态组织及固溶-时效态的显微组织和力学性能进行了观察和分析。结果表明：分布在铸态AZ91D镁合金晶界的网状β-Mg17Al12相在T4热处理过程中逐渐溶解,使得合金的硬度下降,而抗拉强度升高;T6热处理后,合金组织中出现不连续析出与连续析出的β-Mg17Al12相,使得抗拉强度和硬度明显提高;不同的热处理使合金的断口发生明显变化。     

铸态晶粒尺寸对AZ91合金固溶时效行为的影响

研究铸态晶粒尺寸对AZ91合金固溶时效组织的影响,并对析出相与合金显微硬度之间的关系进行了分析.结果表明,合金铸态晶粒尺寸越小,其固溶效率越高,时效处理时β相的连续析出速度越快;在时效处理过程中,无论铸态晶粒尺寸或大或小,合金的显微硬度值都随着连续析出的β相数量的增加先升高后降低;并且铸态晶粒尺寸越小,其硬度峰值越高,达到峰值所用的时间越短.     

Effects of replacing Ni by Co on the crystallization behaviors of Al–Ni–La amorphous alloys

Effects of replacing Ni by Co on the crystallization behaviors of three Al–Ni–La amorphous alloys, i.e. Al₈₅Ni₉La₆, Al₈₆Ni₉La₅ and Al₈₇Ni₈La₅ were investigated by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeter. The results show that the glass-forming ability decreases when Ni is replaced by excessive Co. Meanwhile replacing Ni by Co improves the thermal stability, enlarges the supercooled liquid region ΔT_x and promotes the precipitation of the metastable phase(s) as the primary phase. The apparent activation energy E_a1 of the first reaction changes complicatedly during the replacement and is strongly dependent on the type of the primary phase, i.e. diffusion of atoms.     

微量稀土Sm对AZ91D显微组织和腐蚀性能的影响

利用扫描电镜 (SEM) 结合能谱分析 (EDS)、X射线衍射 (XRD)、腐蚀失重实验、电化学极化曲线等方法,研究了0.1%,0.4%,0.7%和1.0%的Sm对AZ91D合金的微观组织和腐蚀性能的影响,并对其腐蚀机理进行分析。结果表明：随着Sm含量的增加,合金中粗大的枝状第二相 (β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂) 逐渐断裂变小,其体积分数下降,因为Sm会结合Al形成颗粒状的Al₂Sm和杆状的Al₃Sm,从而减少晶界处第二相的数量,使第二相呈不连续分布;AZ91D的耐腐蚀性随着Sm加入量的增多,先增加后降低;当Sm加入量为1.0%时,合金的耐腐蚀性与不添加Sm的AZ91D接近;Sm的最佳添加量为0.4%。     

Influences of Ca and Y Addition on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Vacuum Die-Cast AZ91 Alloy

The influences of Ca and Y additions on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of vacuum die-cast AZ91 alloys were investigated by optical microscope,electron scanning microscope,weight-loss test,and electrochemical corrosion experiment.The results indicate that the Ca or Ca and Y additions refined the microstructure and decreased the amount of Mg17Al12 phase on grain boundaries in the alloys.Meanwhile,the addition of Ca and Y led to the formation of network Al2 Ca phase and rod-like Al2 Y phase,improved the corrosion resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy.Compared with AZ91 alloy,the corrosion rate of AZ91–1.5Ca–1.0Y alloy was decreased to 16.2%,and its corrosion current density was dropped by one order of magnitude after immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 24 h.     

Characterization of anodic films formed on AZ91D magnesium alloy

Anodization of die-casted AZ91D magnesium alloy was performed in 3 M KOH+0.21 M Na₃PO₄+0.6 M KF base electrolyte with and without Al(NO₃)₃ addition. The anodic film was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corrosion resistance of the various anodized alloys was then evaluated in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and immersion testing. The results showed that the anodic film was mainly composed of MgO. The addition of Al(NO₃)₃ into the base electrolyte results in the formation of Al₂O₃ and Al(OH)₃ in the anodic film. The maximum amount of Al₂O₃ was found in the anodic film when the alloy was anodized in the electrolyte containing 0.15 M Al(NO₃)₃. The results of EIS analysis and morphological examination showed that the MgO anodic film modified with Al₂O₃ exhibited the superior corrosiom resistance for AZ91D Mg alloy.     

Effect of La and Nd on microstructures and mechanical properties of AZ61 wrought magnesium alloy

Effects of La and Nd addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the AZ61 alloy have been investigated. The results show that when La and Nd are added into the AZ61 alloy respectively, the β(Mg17-Al12) phase is refined and granulated, and new phases are formed in the form of small rod-like shape, which are verified as La3 Al12 and Nd3Al11 phase by X-ray diffraction and TEM observation. Microstructure observations show that the effective efficiency of La addition is higher than that of Nd addition, thus the sizes of β(Mg17 Al12) and La3Al11 phase are relatively smaller than those of β(Mg17 Al12 ) and Nd3 Al11 phases in both AZ61 alloy and Nd-containing alloy. The increase of the tensile strength and elongation of AZ61 alloy refers to the existence of small rod-like La3Al11 and Nd3Al11 phases, and fine granulated β(Mg17 Al12 ) phase.     

Electrochemical behaviour assessment of novel Mg-rich Mg–Al–RE alloys (RE = Ce, Er)

The electrochemical behaviour of new Mg–Al–RE (RE = Ce, Er) alloys AE91 was investigated in 0.01 M NaCl electrolyte (pH = 12) and compared with that of the most commonly used Mg alloy in the automotive field, the AZ91D. Scanning electron microscopy and quantitative electron probe microanalysis were used to characterize the samples prior to the electrochemical tests. AE91 alloys showed very similar microstructures characterized by a three-phase appearance: a Mg-based solid solution containing only Al and two intermetallic phases γ(Mg₁₇Al₁₂) and (Al_1 − xMg_x)₃Ce or (Al_1 − xMg_x)₂Er. Free corrosion potential measurements, potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed improved passivity behaviour compared to AZ91D alloy. The apparent presence of trace amounts of rare earth oxides in the passive film is presumed to be the reason for the enhanced corrosion resistance of AE91 alloys in the aggressive environment considered.     

时效处理对挤压成型2195铝锂合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了热处理对挤压态2195铝锂合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,固溶处理和人工时效处理对挤压合金的力学性能有显著的增强作用,这与析出相的类型、尺寸、数量密度和分布有关。2195铝锂合金在时效过程中的析出顺序为过饱和固溶体(SSSS)→GP区+δ′/β′(Al₃(Li,Zr))→δ′+θ′(Al₂Cu) +T₁ (Al₂CuLi)→θ′+T₁;其中T₁相在析出强化中起主导作用。2195铝锂合金经过525 ℃×60 min固溶后在170 ℃人工时效的峰时效时间是36 h,此时抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为579 MPa、537 MPa和5.5%。