Cu-15wt%Cr复合粉末机械合金化及稀土掺杂研究

以Cu、Cr和稀土粉末为原料,采用机械合金化法制备Cu-15wt%Cr和Cu-15wt%Cr-RE复合粉末.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜研究了球磨过程粉末的显微组织结构,测量不同球磨时间粉末的显微硬度.结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,Cr在Cu中的固溶度显著提高,晶粒不断细化和微应变增加,导致粉末微观硬度的提高.在球磨过程中添加一定量的稀土可以促进机械合金化效果.     

纳米铁粉的稳定性及超细铁粉的生物利用率

分析了用高能球磨法，以食品添加剂为助磨剂制备出的纳米级铁粉在空气和其它不同条件下的稳定性。并分析了超细铁粉在果汁中的溶解度和稳定性。     

球磨时间对Mg2-xZrxNi(x=0～0.6)电极合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响

在不同的球磨时间下,应用机械合金化法制备出Mg2-xZrxNi(x=0,0.15,0.3,0.45,0.6)电极合金.系统地测试了合金的微观结构及电化学性能,研究了球磨时间对合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响.XRD及 TEM的分析结果表明,合金中的非晶相随球磨时间的延长而增加.电化学测试的结果显示,随球磨时间的增加,合金的循环稳定性及放电电压特性得到显著改善.球磨时间对合金容量的影响与合金的成分相关,对于x≤0.3的合金,其放电容量随球磨时间的延长而单调增加;而对于x>0.3的合金,放电容量随球磨时间的增加有一个极大值.     

机械合金化制备Al_(65)Fe_(25)Ni_(10)纳米合金粉的磁性研究

用机械合金化法制备A165Fe25Ni10纳米合金粉末.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了其结构和磁性随球磨时间的演变.结果表明:在球磨初期,粉末晶粒尺寸急剧减小,内应变迅速增大:球磨50 h后晶粒尺寸、内应变基本保持稳定.矫顽力(Hc)随球磨时间的增加先增大,球磨50 h后急剧减小.在晶粒尺寸较小时,矫顽力与晶粒尺寸的六次方成正比;晶粒尺寸较大时,矫顽力与晶粒尺寸成反比.     

Fe-Si-B/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及其介电性能

采用液氮温区冷冻球磨混合物料,热压制备了非晶金属Fe-Si-B与质量分数为90%~96%的Fe-Si-B/环氧树脂复合材料。利用XRD、SEM对所制备的材料进行物相组成和微观形貌分析,利用阻抗分析仪对其电学性能进行测试分析。研究表明,冷冻球磨法可有效抑制球磨过程中非晶金属晶化。同时随着导电相含量的增加,Fe-Si-B/环氧树脂复合材料的介电频率响应符合德拜弛豫理论。     

双步球磨法制备纳米晶结构TiAl基合金粉末的研究

以元素粉末为起始粉末,采用双步球磨法(球磨+热处理+球磨)制备TiAl基纳米晶多相结构粉末(粉末成分为Ti-47Al(at%)、Ti-45Al-2Cr-2Nb-1B-0.5Ta(at%)).采用xRD、SEM、EDs、DTA、粒度分布仪对两种粉末颗粒在球磨和热处理过程中的特性进行了表征和分析.结果表明,采用双步球磨法制备的多相结构纳米晶粉末杂质含量低,粒度分布均匀,合金元素弥散分布.一步球磨6 h获得Ti/Al均匀复合结构及实现Ti(Al)部分固溶;700℃,2 h热处理获得Ti3Al、Ti、Al3Ti、TiAl相,Al相已经消失;二步球磨实现晶粒尺寸、颗粒尺寸进一步细化.     

机械合金化法制备金锡合金

采用高能球磨机械合金化法制备了Au-20%Sn合金,分析了合金物相、组织和硬度随球磨时间的变化规律,探讨了合金塑性与合金组织及制备工艺的关系。结果表明:采用高能球磨机械合金化法可以制备Au-20%Sn合金;随球磨时间的增加,Au-20%Sn的合金化程度增加,组织中的金属间化合物逐渐增多,最终基本上为δ相和ζ′相;合金的硬度随球磨时间的延长逐渐升高,并在球磨60min后获得最高硬度104.2HV,然后开始下降;球磨后的合金粉末在190℃×2h的烧结过程中发生了不同程度的再结晶和晶粒长大,再结晶程度随球磨时间的延长而增加,导致烧结后合金硬度在球磨时间超过60min后反而下降。     

Ni50Mn43Sn7磁性形状记忆合金的机械合金化及其磁性能（英文）

利用机械合金化法制备Ni50Mn43Sn7磁性形状记忆合金粉末。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及振动样品磁强计(VSM)等分析手段研究了机械合金粉末的微观结构和磁性随球磨时间的变化。结果表明:在球磨过程中,依次形成一些Mn1.77Sn,MnSn2,Ni3Sn4,Ni3Sn2和Ni4Sn等中间相,随着球磨时间的增加,MnSn化合物与NiSn化合物逐渐结合而消失,球磨270h后,形成Ni2MnSn,机械合金化完成。在球磨初期,粉末晶粒尺寸急剧减小,球磨90h后晶粒尺寸基本保持稳定,颗粒以絮状团聚结构存在。由于球磨过程中粉末得到细化等原因,饱和磁化强度Ms随球磨时间的增加而减少,矫顽力(Hc)随球磨时间的增加先增大,球磨90h后急剧减小。     

不同方法制备的AgSnO2TiB2 电接触材料的微观结构和电弧侵蚀行为

分别采用球磨法、可溶性淀粉模板法和滤纸模板法制备了AgSnO₂TiB₂复合粉末,并利用火花等离子体烧结技术（SPS）制备了块体材料。对Ag4%SnO₂4%TiB₂（质量分数）电接触材料的物理性能和电弧侵蚀特性进行了研究。结果表明,模板的空间限域效应有效地改善了增强相在基体中的均匀分散,提高了Ag4%SnO₂4%TiB₂接触材料的导电率和硬度。与球磨法相比,滤纸模板法和淀粉模板法制备的Ag4%SnO₂4%TiB₂复合材料的电导率分别增加了12.18倍和9.60倍, 显微硬度分别增加了17.10%和33.94%。滤纸模板更有利于SnO₂和TiB₂的均匀分散,减少集中电弧侵蚀和飞溅损失,因此具有更好的抗弧蚀性。     

球磨时间对FeCoNiMn0.5Al0.2合金吸波性能的影响机制

采用高能球磨法制备FeCoNiMn0.5Al0.2高熵合金吸波材料.研究了球磨时间对FeCoNiMn05Al0.2合金吸波性能的影响规律及作用机制.结果 表明:球磨时间的增长使五种元素的衍射峰逐渐减弱,最终形成FCC与BCC双相混合结构,合金颗粒的长径比逐渐增大.球磨时间增长使非铁磁性元素在铁磁性Fe、Ni元素中的固溶...     

高能球磨Si还原CuO的固态还原反应

通过对Ｓｉ和ＣｕＯ粉末进行高能球磨制备了Ｃｕ和ＳｉＯ２的复合材料。表明了一般条件下难以进行的固态还原反应，在高能球磨时可以发生；还原产物为纳米级的Ｃｕ和非晶的ＳｉＯ２，还原反应的进程有赖于高能球磨的条件；利用高能球磨可以直接制备纳米级氧化物金属复合材料     

基于虚拟仪器的精密球研磨加工的振动信号检测与分析

振动信号是反映精密球体研磨状态的重要途径。利用加速度计传感器、数据采集卡和LabVIEW,设计一套基于虚拟仪器的振动信号检测设备,对精密球在研磨加工过程中的振动信号进行测试,从时域、频域等多个角度进行分析。结果表明:利用精密球体研磨加工的振动信号能有效地监控整个研磨过程,实时反映球体研磨的状态和精度。     

Ball milled Ni–Ti powder deposited by cold spraying

A 50Ni–50Ti powder was produced by solid state synthesis via mechanical alloying from elemental Ti and Ni powders. The product was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy.Cold spraying makes possible to deposit the coating of temperature sensitive materials, such as nanostructured material, without any significant change in the microstructure of feedstock. The preliminary results of this work showed that the ball milled Ni–Ti coating can be deposited by cold spraying. The coating presents a multilayer structure consisting of the alternate flattened Ni and Ti particles.     

机械合金化对Cr-W粉末及烧结材料组织的影响

通过机械球磨法制备原子比为4:1的Cr-W预合金粉末,对球磨后的Cr-W粉末进行XRD、SEM、TEM分析,探讨球磨时间对Cr-W粉末形貌、晶粒大小、组织结构及烧结Cr-W合金固溶度的影响。结果表明：采用机械合金化法,可以制备纳米级的Cr-W预合金粉末;球磨初期,晶粒尺寸、微应变变化较大,48 h后趋于稳定获得小于30 nm的纳米晶粉末;经72 h球磨后,粉末中有固溶体形成;球磨过程伴随着晶格常数的变化;球磨时间越长的粉末,烧结后各相分布越均匀,固溶程度越高     

The effect of post-treatments on the powder morphology of titanium dioxide (TiO2) powders synthesized for cold spray

In this study, a novel synthesis method of TiO₂ powders that can be cold sprayed is presented. The synthesis technique is a simple hydrolysis method of titanyl sulfate (TiOSO₄) in distilled water with a small addition of inorganic salt. At a relatively low hydrolysis temperature, pure anatase TiO₂ can be obtained and post-synthesis treatments (annealing or hydrothermal treatment) do not alter this phase structure. The powder is agglomerated with fine nano primary particles, with different post-synthesis treatments leading to different TiO₂ nanostructures. Annealing causes a significant growth of primary particles with the existence of internal pores within a particle. On the other hand, hydrothermal treatment produces a unique oriented agglomeration structure where the primary particles are agglomerated in one single crystal axes. It is believed that the synergistic effect of inorganic ion adsorption and post-treatments results in the observed nanostructures. After cold spraying, it is revealed that these TiO₂ powders could be deposited via supersonic solid phase deposition (cold spray).     

Microstructures and properties of cold drawn and annealed submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr alloy

The microstructures and properties after cold drawing and subsequent annealing of submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr (mass fraction) alloy were investigated. The results show that, the microstructure of submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr can be further refined by cold drawing. After cold drawing, the grains of Cu-5%Cr alloy with grain size of 400-500 nm can be refined to be cellular structures and subgrains with size of 100-200 nm. Both strength and ductility of Cu-5%Cr alloy can be enhanced by cold drawing, and the optimal mechanical properties can be achieved with drawing deformation increasing. It is suggested that dislocation glide is still the main mechanism in plastic deformation of submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr, but grain boundary slide and diffusion may play more and more important roles with drawing deformation increasing. When the cold drawn Cu-5%Cr wires are annealed at 550 ℃, fine recrystal grains with grain size of 200-300 nm can be obtained. Furthermore, there are lots of fine Cr particles precipitated during annealing, by which the recrystallization softening temperatures of the cold drawn Cu-5%Cr wires can be increased to 480-560 ℃. Due to the fact that Cr particles have the effect of restricting Cu grains growth, a favorable structural thermal stability of the submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr can be achieved, and the submicron grained microstructure can be retained at high temperature annealing.     

冷轧钢表面木薯淀粉接枝共聚物自组装膜的缓蚀性能

目的合成出木薯淀粉-苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚物(CS-PE-MMA)及运用自组装技术形成在柠檬酸中对钢具有良好缓蚀性能的CS-PE-MMA分子膜。方法用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)表征了自组装分子膜的形貌和组成;采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究缓蚀性能。结果CS-PE-MMA在冷轧钢表面形成球斑状稳定有序而致密的分子膜。动电位极化曲线表明工作电极阴阳极反应同时被抑制,EIS谱主要呈半圆容抗弧,电荷转移电阻随CS-PE-MMA自组装温度升高,时间增大而增大,缓蚀率最高达73.04%。结论 CS-PE-MMA属于混合抑制型缓蚀剂,自组装分子膜在H3C6H5O7溶液中对冷轧钢有良好的缓蚀作用。     

Effect of air contamination on ball milling and cold rolling of magnesium hydride

In this letter we address the problem of air contamination in high energy milling and cold rolling of magnesium hydride. We found that for short milling time (30 min) milling under argon or air leads to the same crystal structure and same hydrogen sorption behaviour. In the case of the cold rolled sample, the hydrogen sorption behaviour is similar but the crystal structure shows some differences with ball milled samples. As expected, prolonged milling time in air leads to formation of magnesium oxide and degradation of hydrogen sorption capacities. However, kinetics do not seems to show degradation. This investigation shows that, for short milling time, air contamination is not as detrimental as was expected.     

Corrosion Behavior and Hardness of Al-M (M:Mo,Si,Ti,Cr) Alloys

The corrosion behavior of Al-5 at.%Cr,Al-5 at.%Si,Al-5 at.%Mo and Al-5 at.%Ti produced via casting and Al-5 at.%Cr produced by high-energy ball milling and subsequent consolidation by cold pressing was studied using potentiodynamic polarization and surface analysis following constant immersion tests.Alloys were characterized using a scanning electron microscope coupled with the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.Hardness,a representative of the strength,was also measured.The alloys produced by casting contained coarse intermetallics and therefore exhibited poor corrosion resistance.Al-5 at.%Cr alloy produced by high-energy ball milling exhibited a significantly improved corrosion resistance and hardness,which was attributed to the grain refinement to nanoscale and extended solid solubility of Cr in Al.The study indicated that the high-energy ball milling was capable of producing Al alloys with improved corrosion behavior and hardness.     

基于有限元模拟和正交实验方法的轴承钢球冷镦工艺及模具优化

钢球是轴承的主要承载零件,其制造工艺影响到其制造成本和使用寿命,为了获得高质量、高精度和少、无余量的钢球球坯,必须对模具和坯料进行优化。文章介绍的工作是采用三维弹塑性有限元方法对钢球的冷镦成形过程进行模拟,并引入正交试验设计,考察冷镦模具、工艺参数对钢球球坯成形质量的影响,最终获得近无余量的钢球球坯,并获得了最优工艺方案,为冷镦工艺和模具设计提供指导,从而降低生产和实验成本。