MnO2掺杂对Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3陶瓷介电调谐性能的影响

采用固相反应法制备了掺杂MnO2的Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3陶瓷,分析了掺杂MnO2的Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3陶瓷在直流偏置电场下的介电调谐性能.采用XRD和SEM分析了掺杂MnO2的Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3陶瓷的相结构和微观形貌,采用HP4192A分析了掺杂MnO2的Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3介电-温度特性,采用同惠电子公司的TH2816精密电桥测量了介电可调性.结果表明:随着MnO2含量的增加,Ba0 6Sr0.4TiO3陶瓷的致密度和晶粒尺寸都呈现先增大再降低的现象.介电可调性随着MnO2的加入而降低.但品质因子随着MnO2含量的增加呈现先增加再降低的现象.当MnO2含量为4mol%时达到最大值55.1.     

溶胶凝胶法制备Zn-Si-B-O掺杂钛酸锶钡(Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3)玻璃陶瓷的制备及其介电性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶方法制备Zn-Si-B-O掺杂Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3玻璃陶瓷.研究Zn-Si-B-O玻璃组分从5%～50%(摩尔分数,下同)掺杂Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3玻璃陶瓷的相结构与介电性能.分析Zn-Si-B-O玻璃组分对Ba0.6 Sr0.4TiO3玻璃陶瓷结构及其介电性能的影响.结果表明:Zn-Si-B-O掺杂Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3玻璃陶瓷的烧结温度低于传统工艺.Zn-Si-B-O掺杂Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3玻璃陶瓷的相结构为立方钙钛矿相结构(≤40%),不存在第二相.Zn-Si-B-O掺杂Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4TiO3玻璃陶瓷的介电常数ε随着烧结温度升高而增大,介电损耗tanδ随测试温度的增加而降低.Zn-Si-B-O玻璃相聚集在晶粒边界区域,其作用稀释降低了玻璃陶瓷的介电常数,阻止晶粒生长,并降低了介电损耗tanδ.随着晶粒平均尺寸的减小,Zn-Si-B-O掺杂Ba 0.6Sr 0.4TiO3玻璃陶瓷样品的介电峰变低,平坦,宽化的现象.     

La2O3添加剂对BST陶瓷介电性能的影响

钛酸锶钡(Ba1-xSrxTiO3)优异的介电性能使其在微波可调器件的应用中成为热门材料.以BaCO3,SrCO3和TiO2为原料,采用传统的固相合成方法制备了Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3粉体,以La2O3为添加剂在1400℃烧结成钛酸锶钡陶瓷.分析了La2O3添加剂对陶瓷的微观形貌、相组成以及介电性能的影响.XRD分析表明La2O3能完全固溶到钛酸锶钡晶格中.掺杂后的陶瓷晶粒尺寸明显降低.掺杂了La2O3的钛酸锶钡的介电可调性有所增高.     

氟化钙掺杂对钛酸锶钡陶瓷结构和介电性能的影响

研究了Ca F2掺杂对钛酸锶钡(Ba0.6Sr0.4Ti O3,BSTO)陶瓷的结构和介电性能的影响。采用传统烧结工艺制备了Ca F2掺杂的BSTO陶瓷,对其晶体结构、微观形貌和介电性能进行了研究。XRD结果显示,Ca F2掺杂BSTO陶瓷为钙钛矿结构,当掺杂量≥3%(质量分数)时,基体中出现第二相Ba Ca Ti O4。添加少量Ca F2(0.5%)可明显减小晶粒尺寸,随掺杂量继续增加,晶粒尺寸变化不明显。Ca F2掺杂降低了BSTO陶瓷的介电常数和介电可调性,减小了其介电损耗,提高了材料的综合使用性能。     

氧化铝掺杂对Ba0.6Sr0.4(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3陶瓷介电性能的影响

Zr4+取代Ti4+的Ba0.6Sr0.4(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3固溶体在降低介电常数的同时,保持了BST固溶体优异的可调性。为降低BST材料的介电损耗和介电常数,以氧化铝为改性剂对Ba0.6Sr0.4(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3材料(BSZT材料)进行了掺杂。随着氧化铝掺杂质量分数从1%到10%增加,BSZT材料的介电常数从5000降低到了1550(100kHz),介电损耗降低到0.001(100kHz)以下,而材料的介电可调性保持在35%左右(1.5kV/mm)。X射线衍射图谱表明,烧结后得到的BSZT材料具有典型的钙钛矿结构。扫描电子显微镜观察表明,氧化铝的掺杂使得陶瓷致密度较高,晶粒均匀。     

FeNi/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3核壳纳米结构的制备及低频吸波机理研究核壳纳米结构的制备及低频吸波机理研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3粉末,并采用球磨方法将Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3与FeNi合金微粉进行包覆,成功制备了3种不同Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3粉末添加量的FeNi/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3核壳结构粉体。采用SEM、XRD等技术分析了Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3加入前后FeNi合金微粉的形态、组成,利用矢量网络分析仪测量了FeNi以及FeNi/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3复合材料的电磁参数。结果表明,成功制备了不规则颗粒状Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3粉末,Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3粉末大部分包覆于片状FeNi合金微粉表面,且随着Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3粉末添加量的增加,包覆层厚度逐渐增大,FeNi合金片形态逐渐模糊。Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3粉末包覆层有效降低了FeNi合金微粉的介电常数虚部,提高了其低频波段的阻抗匹配性能,实现铁电和铁磁双性材料的复合吸波效果,改善了低频吸波性能。利用1/4波长干涉相消理论对反射损耗峰频率与电磁参数关系进行了分析,并结合界面反射模型及材料阻抗匹配对反射损耗峰强度变化进行了分析。     

Zn掺杂制备介电可调PST薄膜

采用溶胶凝胶工艺,在ITO透明导电玻璃基板上成功地制备了Zn掺杂的Pb0.4Sr0.6TiO3(PST)铁电薄膜.XRD结果表明:550℃和600℃不同热处理条件下烧结的薄膜均呈单一的钙钛矿相结构.在不同外加直流电场下测试Zn 掺杂PST薄膜的介电性能,研究薄膜的介电可调性与热处理温度及过程的关系.发现550℃条件下制备得到的Zn掺杂PST薄膜几乎没有介电可调性,而在600℃条件下制备的Zn掺杂PST薄膜具有明显的介电可调性.另外,600℃条件下制备的Zn掺杂PST薄膜,其可调性随着保温时间和冷却时间的延长有所增加,介电损耗随保温时间和冷却时间的增大而减小.     

Y掺杂(Ba0.6Sr0.4)0.8TiO3薄膜的结构及介电性能

通过钇(Y)掺杂、适当增加钛(Ti)含量和调节薄膜厚度等优化设计,用改善的溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法制备了光滑致密的Y掺杂多层钛酸锶钡(Ba0.6Sr0.4)0.8TiO3,BST)薄膜,研究了该薄膜的结构及介电性能。X射线衍射(XRD)表明,该薄膜为钙钛矿结构,但其衍射峰强度很弱,主要与Y掺杂和微过量Ti有效减弱其铁电性有关。原子力显微镜(AFM)表明,该薄膜晶化较弱,且随厚度的增加晶化减弱,和XRD结果一致。该薄膜比Y掺杂的Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3薄膜显示更优异的综合介电性能,但与薄膜的厚度有关。随膜厚的增加,薄膜的电容和调谐率减小,但介电损耗大幅减小,其中,4层薄膜零偏压的介电常数为161、电损耗约为0.006,40V的调谐率为45.5%、优质因子大于75,可满足微波调谐器件的需要。     

预极化对PST薄膜介电可调性的影响

采用溶胶凝胶工艺,在ITO透明导电玻璃基板上成功地制备了Zn掺杂的Pb0.4Sr0.6TiO3(PST)铁电薄膜.利用XRD测定了薄膜的相结构,精密阻抗分析仪研究了薄膜的介电性能.在不同外加直流电场下测试Zn掺杂PST薄膜的介电性能,研究薄膜的介电可调性大小与外加偏压施加顺序的关系.结果表明,该薄膜呈现单一的钙钛矿相结构.发现了在预先施加一个相对较高的预极化电场,薄膜在零电场下的介电常数得到了提高.预极化能更多地激发出介电薄膜中偶极子数目,增大了薄膜在零偏压处的介电常数,从而提高了薄膜的介电可调性,在不同的测试电压下可分别从提高3%到提高45%不等,测试电压越低,表现出来的这种提高就越大.     

铝酸镧掺杂对Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)TiO_3介电性能的影响

在外加直流偏置电场作用下,钛酸锶钡(BST)固溶体铁电材料具有随着电场强度增加而介电常数降低的非线性特征,是相控阵天线移相器材料的研究热点.而铝酸镧陶瓷介电常数温度系数可达接近零,介电损耗正切值低,可小于1×10~(-4).为降低BST材料的介电损耗和介电常数,以铝酸镧为改性剂对Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO_3材料进行了掺杂.当铝酸镧的含量为4%时,Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO_3材料的介电常数降低到85(100 kHz),介电损耗降低到0.00041(100 kHz),而Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO_3材料的介电可调性保持在20%左右.X射线衍射图谱表明烧结后得到的BST材料具有典型的钙钛矿结构. SEM图像观察发现,4%比例的掺杂量使得陶瓷致密度较高,晶粒均匀.     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

胫骨生物陶瓷复合材料的微结构增韧机理

扫描电镜观察显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的自然生物陶瓷复合材料.羟基磷灰石具有层状的微结构并且平行于骨的表面排列.观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成,这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状,也以平行的方式整齐排列.基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征,通过微结构模型分析及实验,研究了羟基磷灰石片平行排列微结构的最大拔出能.结果表明,羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及平行排列方式增加了其最大拔出能,进而提高了骨的断裂韧性.     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.     

试论洋务派教师聘任的思想

洋务派在洋务学堂的办学活动中,为了解决西学专业学科的教学困难,采用了聘请外籍教师的应急措施.他们以真才实学,合同制管理作为主导思想,并认为这种解决师资的途径只是权宜之计,并非久远.从客观上看,洋务派的教师聘任思想有深刻的历史影响.     

Mechanism of Nucleation of Precipitates of Carbides of Refractory Metals Under Hot Rolling of Automotive Sheet Steel

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - The problem of formation of properties in microalloyed sheet steels is considered. The cause and the possible mechanism of precipitation of carbides of refractory...