AZ61合金半固态二次加热工艺及组织演变

研究了应力诱发熔体激活法(SIMA)制备的AZ61镁合金半固态坯料在二次加热时加热温度和保温时间对其组织的影响,研究表明,二次加热初期半固态组织首先熔合合并,随着保温时间延长,晶粒逐渐长大和球化,液相份数增加;保温温度越高,晶粒长大和球化速度加快。在592℃加热、保温20min~40min,可以获得均匀、圆整的半固态组织,晶粒大小为80μm~90μm,液相率为40%~42%。高于597℃时,试样重熔过程中易发生严重变形。     

半固态ZA96镁合金部分重熔过程中的组织演变

对自孕育法制备ZA96镁合金半固态坯料进行了部分重熔,研究了等温温度和保温时间对微观组织演变的影响。结果表明,随着等温温度增加和保温时间延长,半固态组织中固相率降低,其晶粒尺寸和圆整度呈先减小后增大的变化趋势。在530℃保温20min可获得理想的半固态组织,其平均晶粒尺寸、圆整度和固相率分别为75.69μm、1.45和58%。保温10min左右,其晶粒的粗化、枝晶臂合并及分离基本结束,其后晶粒发生球化、吞并和长大,其长大规律符合Ostwald熟化理论。     

二次加热过程中半固态AZ31镁合金的显微组织演变

利用波浪形倾斜板振动技术制备AZ31镁合金半固态坯料,获得较为理想的球形或近球形晶粒组织。结果表明:随二次加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,半固态组织中的液相体积分数增大,固相逐渐长大并球化;AZ31镁合金580℃和610℃时二次加热组织均不适合半固态触变成形;适合触变成形的二次加热最优工艺为590℃保温40～60 min、或者600℃保温30 min;此条件下获得的平均晶粒直径为58～61μm,固相率为87%(体积分数)左右。晶格扩散机制对二次加热原子扩散起主导作用,是造成合金固相颗粒尺寸变化的根本原因;固液界面张力是造成颗粒形状球形或近球形变化的重要原因。     

重熔保温时间对ZCuSn10铜合金半固态组织的影响

采用冷轧与重熔的应变诱导熔化激活法制备了ZCuSn10铜合金半固态坯料,分析了重熔过程中保温时间对ZCuSn10铜合金半固态坯料微观组织的影响。结果表明,通过二道次轧制得到变形量为17%的试样,截取试样进行910℃保温重熔处理。随着保温时间延长,合金的平均晶粒直径增大,保温时间从10min延长至25min时,平均晶粒直径由70.6μm增大至88.0μm,晶粒形状因子则随保温时间的延长先增加再减小,保温25 min时达到最低值为2.18,液相率为27.80%,此时获得的半固态组织球化效果好,晶粒圆整度较好,晶粒尺寸和液相比较均匀。     

新SIMA法制备AZ91D半固态坯

利用等径道角挤压试验、半固态等温处理试验、金相显微镜、SEM等试验方法和分析设备，对经过等径道角挤压的AZ91D镁合金在等温处理过程中的微观组织演变进行了研究。通过研究，提出了新SIMA制备AZ91D镁合金半固态坯方法。新SIMA法制备的半固态坯料的微观组织均匀，晶粒球化程度好，晶粒细小，平均晶粒尺寸在20—50μm之间。随着保温时间的延长，新SIMA法制备半固态坯料的微观组织有长大的现象，其可用Ostwald熟化理论描述。随着等温处理温度的升高，晶粒的尺寸先增加后减小，形状系数接近1。随着材料在ECAE中获得的等效应变的增加，半固态坯料的晶粒尺寸减小。     

半固态等温处理与电磁感应加热AZ80-0.2Y镁合金组织的演变

分别使用等温处理与电磁感应加热制备AZ80-0.2Y镁合金半固态坯料,对比等温处理与不同感应加热功率条件下半固态组织形貌特征。结果表明:等温处理半固态组织液相以晶界网状液池为主、固相球内的球形液池为辅;感应加热形成的液相主要由晶内长条状液池为主、晶界网状液池为辅。感应加热制备的半固态坯料比等温处理的半固态组织晶粒更细小,液相率更高;大功率感应加热相对于小功率感应加热,晶粒尺寸小,液相率更高;从室温使用功率4 kW感应加热至590℃用时90 s,平均晶粒尺寸65.1μm,液相率45%,晶粒形状系数2.15,已具备较优的成形性能。     

半固态ZCuSn10铜合金重熔过程中的组织演变

采用拔长为预变形方式的SIMA法制备ZCuSn10铜合金半固态坯料,研究在半固态温度区间重熔加热过程中半固态ZCuSn10铜合金坯料初生相形貌的演变过程。结果表明:在液固两相区间对半固态组织保温,半固态ZCuSn10铜合金坯料初生相逐渐球化。在900℃保温3 min后开始出现液相,且液相率、平均晶粒直径均随着保温时间的增加而增加,液相分数由5 min的23.5%增加至20 min的32.7%,平均晶粒直径由8 min的41.7μm增大至20 min的58μm,形状因子随着保温时间延长先减小后增加,在保温15 min形状因子最小为1.75。     

新SIMA法制备AZ91D镁合金半固态坯

借助于等径道角挤压试验、镦粗试验、半固态等温处理等试验方法,并利用金相显微镜、SEM等试验分析设备,对原始铸坯、镦粗和等径道角挤压3种加工状态的AZ91D镁合金在等温处理过程中的微观组织演变进行了研究.通过与原始铸坯直接等温处理和镦粗后等温处理生成的半固态坯的微观组织作比较,提出了新SIMA制备AZ91D镁合金半固态坯方法.新SIMA法制备的半固态坯料的微观组织均匀,晶粒球化程度好,晶粒细小,平均晶粒尺寸在20～50 μm之间.随着保温时间的延长,新SIMA法制备半固态坯料的微观组织有长大的现象,其可用Ostwald熟化理论描述.随着等温处理温度的升高,晶粒的尺寸先增加后减小,形状系数接近1.随着材料在ECAE中获得的等效应变的增加,半固态坯料的晶粒尺寸减小.     

等径道角挤压AZ91D镁合金的半固态组织演变

通过半固态重熔实验,并利用金相显微镜,对等径道角挤压AZ91D镁合金的半固态组织演变进行了研究.结果表明:等径道角挤压后二次加热等温处理是一种适于AZ91D镁合金的制坯方法,加热温度对坯料的组织有很大影响.当保温时间一定时,随着加热温度的升高,先是球化效果越来越好,后来发生晶粒合并长大现象,晶粒尺寸也会逐渐长大,当保温时间为15 min,加热温度为560℃时,二次加热组织最好;当加热温度一定时,随着保温时间的延长,晶粒尺寸有长大的趋势,当加热温度为560℃,保温时间为15 min时组织球化效果最好,晶粒最细小;当加热温度和保温时间一定时,随着挤压次数的增加,二次加热组织的晶粒尺寸减小.     

双层金属管用半固态坯料制备及二次加热

采用机械搅拌的方法制备半固态浆料,利用专门的制坯模按照预定尺寸制得能够使用于挤压成形双层金属管的半固态AZ91镁合金棒料和A356铝合金坯料,研究制备工艺以及二次加热温度及保温时间对半固态坯料微观组织的影响.通过组织分析,对双层金属管用AZ91镁合金坯料和A356铝合金坯料的触变性进行了研究.结果表明,双层金属管用AZ91镁合金坯料最佳尺寸为24 mm,二次加热温度为560 ℃,保温时间为21 min;A356铝合金环状坯料最佳尺寸壁厚为8 mm,二次加热温度为600 ℃,保温时间为20 min时,此时能得到适合于进行半固态触变成形的球化组织.     

Reheating microstructure of refined AZ91D magnesium alloy in semi-solid state

By means of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) test, upsetting test and metalloseope, reheating mierostruetures of raw casting ingots, materials prepared by SIMA and materials extruded by ECAE in semi-solid state were investigated. The results show that compared with those of raw casting ingots and materials prepared by SIMA, reheating microstrueture of materials extruded by ECAE is the best and the final grain size is the finest. With increasing holding time, a growing phenomenon occurs in reheating microstrueture of materials extruded by ECAE, which can be described by Ostwald ripening law. The average grain size increases firstly, subsequently decreases and the shape factor of grains approaches to 1 as the reheating temperature increases. With increasing equivalent strain, the average grain size decreases. This demonstrates that reheating material extruded by ECAE technology is a good method to prepare AZ91D magnesium alloy semi-solid billets.     

Microstructural evolution and tensile mechanical properties of thixoformed AZ91D magnesium alloy with the addition of yttrium

The microstructure evolution of AZ91D magnesium alloy in the semi-solid state has been proposed or reported in previous literature. However, no detailed investigation has been conducted regarding the relationship between the microstructure and tensile mechanical properties of the thixoformed AZ91D magnesium alloy. In this paper, the microstructure of AZ91D alloy with the addition of yttrium was produced by the semi-solid thermal transformation (SSTT) route and the strain-induced melt activation (SIMA) route, respectively. Isothermal holding experiments investigated grain coarsening and the degree of spheroidization as a function of holding time in the semi-solid state. The SSTT route and the SIMA route were used to obtain the semi-solid feedstock for thixoforming. The results show that solid particles of the SSTT alloy are spheroidized to some extent but the previous irregular shape is still obvious in some of them. While the SIMA alloy exhibits ideal, fine microstructure, in which completely spheroidized solid particles contain little entrapped liquid. The microstructure of the SSTT alloy is less spheroidized compared with the SIMA alloy under the similar isothermal holding condition. As the holding time increases, the mean solid particle size of the SSTT alloy decreases initially, then increases, while the mean solid particle size of the SIMA alloy increases monotonously at 560 °C. Compared with the SSTT alloy, the SIMA alloy obtains finer grains under the similar isothermal holding condition. The mechanical properties of the thixoformed AZ91D alloy with the addition of yttrium produced by the SIMA route are better than those of the thixoformed alloy produced by the SSTT route. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation for the thixoformed alloy produced by the SIMA route are 303.1 MPa, 147.6 MPa and 13.27%, respectively. The tensile properties for the AZ91D alloy with the addition of yttrium thixoformed from starting material produced by the SIMA route are better than those of the AZ91D alloy with the addition of yttrium thixoformed from starting material produced by the SSTT route.     

Microstructure development and thixoextrusion of magnesium alloy prepared by repetitive upsetting-extrusion

Thixoextrusion involves processing alloys with a spheroidal microstructure in the semi-solid state. Before thixoextrusion, repetitive upsetting-extrusion (RUE) is introduced into the strain induced metal activation (SIMA) process to predeform AZ80 magnesium alloy. Microstructure evolution of RUE formed AZ80 magnesium alloy during partial remelting is studied at temperatures for times. Tensile mechanical properties of thixoextruded components are determined and compared with those of AZ80 magnesium alloy thixoextruded from starting material produced by casting. The results show that with increasing number of RUE passes solid grain size decreases and the rate of liquation is improved. Prolonged holding time results in grain coarsening and the improvement of degree of spheroidization. The variation of the solid grains with holding time obeys the Lifshitz, Slyozov and Wagner law. Increasing the heating temperature is favorable for the formation of spheroidal solid grains. The tensile properties for AZ80 magnesium alloy thixoextruded from starting material produced by RUE are better than those of AZ80 magnesium alloy thixoextruded from starting material produced by casting.     

Application of cyclic upsetting-extrusion to semi-solid processing of AZ91D magnesium alloy

The microstructural evolution of AZ91D magnesium alloy prepared by means of the cyclic upsetting-extrusion and partial remelting was investigated. The effects of remelting temperature and holding time on microstructure of semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy were studied. Furthermore, tensile properties of thixoextruded AZ91D magnesium alloy components were determined. The results show that the cyclic upsetting-extrusion followed by partial remelting is effective in producing semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy for thixoforming. During the partial remelting, with the increase of remelting temperature and holding time, the solid grain size increases and the degree of spheroidization tends to be improved. The tensile mechanical properties of thixoextruded AZ91D magnesium alloy components produced by cyclic upsetting-extrusion and partial remelting are better than those of the same alloy produced by casting.     

Preparation of semi-solid billet of magnesium alloy and its thixoforming

Preparation of semi-solid billet of magnesium alloy and thixoforming was investigated by applying equal channel angularextrusion to magnesium alloy.The results show that mechanical properties of AZ91D alloy at room temperature,such as yieldstrength(YS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and elongation,are enhanced greatly by four-pass equal channel angularextrusion(ECAE)at 573 K and microstructure of AZ91D alloy is refined to the average grain size of 20μm.Through using ECAE asstrain induced step in SIMA and completing melt activated step by semi-solid isothermal treatment,semi-solid billet with finespheroidal grains of 25μm can be prepared successfully.Compared with common SIMA,thixoformed satellite angle framecomponents using semi-solid billet prepared by new SIMA have higher mechanical properties at room temperature and hightemperature of 373 K.     

Effects of temperature and time on three-dimensional microstructural evolution of semi-solid 2A14 aluminum alloy during short process preparation of semi-solid billets

To shorten the preparation process of semi-solid billets, semi-solid billets of 2A14 aluminum alloy were prepared by wrought aluminum directly semi-solid isothermal treatment (WADSSIT) process. Three-dimension (3D) combined microstructure evolution, namely transverse direction (TD) surface, rolling direction (RD) surface, and normal direction (ND) surface, was studied. Effects of temperature and holding time on average grain size and average shape factor were investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions for preparation of 2A14 semi-solid billets by this process were 615 °C and 20 min (average grain size of 124 μm and shape factor of 0.81). Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) observations indicated that the microstructure was completely recrystallized when it was heated to 600 °C. Grain size was increased with the increase of temperature and grew up slowly with the holding time prolonging. Roundness was increased with increase of holding time but was not sensitive to temperature.     

SiC颗粒、保温时间对SiC_P/AZ61复合材料半固态组织的影响

研究SiC颗粒、保温时间对SiCP/AZ61复合材料半固态组织的影响,并探讨复合材料等温过程中半固态组织演变机理。结果表明,SiCP/AZ61复合材料在温度595℃,不同保温时间(0min～90min)下,其组织的演变过程为,枝晶臂合并→大块状组织→晶界处局部熔化分离→晶粒组织球化→球状组织缓慢长大。在温度595℃,保温30min～60min时,SiCP/AZ61复合材料可以获得最佳的半固态组织;与AZ61基体合金相比,由于SiC颗粒的加入,使得SiCP/AZ61复合材料在等温热处理过程中的半固态组织更为细小,并且随着SiC颗粒体积分数增加,其半固态组织中球状颗粒的尺寸越小。     

Microstructural evolution of equal channel angular pressed AZ91D magnesium alloy during semi-solid isothermal heat treatment

The microstructural evolution of AZ91D magnesium alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing during isothermal heat treatment at 570℃ was investigated. The results indicated that the equal channel angular pressing followed by semi-solid isothermal heat treatment was an effective method to prepare semisolid nondendritic slurry of AZ91D magnesium alloy. During this process, its microstructure change underwent four stages, the initial coarsening stage, the structure separation stage, the spheroidization stage and the final coarsening stage. The microstructural spheroidization effect was the best after being heated for 15 min for the alloy pressed for four passes, and the grain size was the smallest. With the further increase of heating time, the grain size and shape factor increased. When the heating time was kept constant, the grain size and shape factor decreased with the increase of pressing passes.     

Preparation of AZ91D magnesium alloy semi-solid billet by new strain induced melt activated method

1 Introduction AZ91D magnesium alloy has received more attention due to its high specific strength, specific rigidity and good dimensional stability and so on[1]. Thixoforming is one of the best methods with regard to forming AZ91D magnesium alloy compone…