Al-TiO_2-B_2O_3系XD合成铝基复合材料研究

主要讨论Al-TiO_2-B_2O_3系XD法制备铝基复合材料的合成工艺及其反应机理。结果表明:在B2 O3 与TiO2 摩尔比小于1时,真空炉温预热至10 0 0K左右时压坯爆燃,反应产物由TiB2 、Al3 Ti和Al2 O3 组成,其中Al3 Ti为棒状物,TiB2 、Al2 O3 为细小颗粒,粒径为数μm左右。同时分析了球磨时间、预紧实度对反应产物的影响规律。     

XD合成Al_2O_3,TiB_2/Al复合材料的热力学分析

从热力学的角度讨论了原位反应生成Al2 O3 和TiB2 陶瓷粒子增强铝基复合材料的合成机理。结果表明 ,在Al TiO2 B体系中 ,以一定的加热速率加热至 10 73K左右时 ,Al与TiO2 之间首先发生铝热反应 ,反应产生出活性钛原子并形成Al Ti B反应系 ;AlB2 和Al3 Ti均系反应中间产物 ,AlB2 在 12 0 0K左右时分解为Al和B ,Al3 Ti被B还原 ,当B的加入量 (摩尔 )是TiO2 的两倍左右时 ,Al3 Ti基本消失 ,最终生成Al2 O3 和TiB2 陶瓷颗粒增强的铝基复合材料。     

XD合成Al2O3,TiB2／Al复合材料的热力学分析

从热力学的角度讨论了原位反应生成Al2O3和TiB2陶瓷粒子增强铝基复合材料的合成机理。结果表明,在Al-TiO2-B体系中,以一定的加热速率加热至1073K左右时,Al与TiO2之间首先发生铝热反应,反应产生出活性钛原子并形成Al-Ti-B反应;AlB2和Al3Ti均系反应中间产物,Alb2在1200K左右时分解为Al和B2Al3Ti被B还原,当B的加入量（摩尔）是TiO2的两部左右时,Al3Ti基本消失,最终生成Al2O3和TiB2陶瓷颗粒增强的铝基复合材料。     

反应热压(Al2O3+TiB2+Al3Ti)/Al复合材料的组织形成机制

采用B或B2O3、TiO2和Al粉反应热压制备了原位 (Al2O3 TiB2 Al3Ti)/Al复合材料,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了原位复合材料的显微组织.热压状态下,反应生成相Al3Ti呈大块不规则形状,尺寸约几十微米; Al2O3和TiB2为细小弥散质点,TEM分析发现TiB2颗粒呈六边形,而Al2O3颗粒呈等轴状.在以Al粉、TiO2粉和B粉为原料制备的复合材料中,除反应生成了大块的Al3Ti相外,还有细小针状Al3Ti相沉淀析出,且呈弥散分布.热挤压后大块的Al3Ti被破碎成细小弥散质点.Al2O3在TiO2和B2O3粉末表面生成; TiB2在B或B2O3粉表面形成,因而均呈弥散分布,且尺寸细小.自TiO2中还原出的Ti溶入液态Al中形成Al3Ti时,Ti可在液态Al中长距离扩散,因而Al3Ti呈大块不规则状.     

Al-TiO_2-B_2O_3反应体系的机械力化学与热化学行为

通过机械球磨系统地研究Al-TiO2-B2O3反应体系粉体的机械力化学与热化学行为。结果表明:Al-TiO2-B2O3复合粉体球磨20h后,中位径可达到4.35μm,形状近乎球形,并生成少量Al2O3、TiB2等新相;机械力化学作用使其在400℃左右就可发生缓慢的固相反应,在670℃时反应最为剧烈;在700℃热处理时,产物大部分为Al2O3和TiB2;在1000℃热处理时,产物全部为Al2O3和TiB2。     

反应热压（A12O3＋TiB2＋A13Ti）／Al复合材料的组织形成机制

采用B或B2O3、TiO2和Al粉反应热压制备了原位(Al2O3 TiB2 Al3Ti)／Al复合材料，采用光学显徽镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了原位复合材料的显微组织。热压状态下，反应生成相Al3Ti呈大块不规则形状，尺寸约几十微米；Al2O3和TiB2为细小弥散质点，TEM分析发现TiB2颗粒呈六边形，而Al2O3颗粒呈等轴状。在以Al粉、TiO2粉和B粉为原料制备的复合材料中，除反应生成了大块的Al3Ti相外，还有细小针状Al3Ti相沉淀析出，且呈弥散分布。热挤压后大块的Al3Ti被破碎成细小弥散质点。Al2O3在TiO2和B2O3粉末表面生成；TiB2在B或B2O3粉表面形成，因而均呈弥散分布，且尺寸细小。自TiO2中还原出的Ti溶入液态Al中形成A13Ti时，Ti可在液态Al中长距离扩散，因而Al3Ti呈大块不规则状。     

XD合成Al-TiO2-C系铝基复合材料研究

主要讨论了Al-TiO2-C系XD法制备铝基复合材料的合成工艺.结果表明,Al-TiO2-C系在真空炉中氩气气氛下预热至1 100 K左右时爆燃,反应生成颗粒状TiC、A12O3及棒状Al3Ti复相增强的铝基复合材料.α-Al2O3颗粒偏聚于基体的晶界,Al3Ti在基体中分布相对均匀.该反应系的主要工艺参数以球磨时间2 h、压块预紧实度63.8%左右、升温速率25 K/min左右为宜;保温时间对反应产物的组织影响甚小;棒状物Al3Ti随C/TiO2摩尔比的增加而减少,在C/TiO2摩尔比为l时,Al3Ti基本消失.     

Al-TiO2-B系热扩散反应法合成铝基复合材料基体组织的细化机理

研究了Al-TiO2-B反应系热扩散反应（XD）法合成铝基复合材料基体组织的细化机理。实验结果表明，在Al-TiO2系中未加硼粉时，反应产物Al3Ti呈细长棒状，并可贯穿基体晶粒，Al2O3为细小颗粒偏聚于基体的晶界，铝基体晶粒粗大，当Al-TiO2系中加入硼粉后，棒状物Al3Ti减少，当B／TiO2摩尔比rB/TiO2为2时，Al3Ti基本消失，B与Al3Ti反应产生的TiB2成为铝基体结晶时的核心，基体晶粒细化，Al2O3呈均匀分布。     

XD反应合成Al3Ti,α-Al2O3和TiB2/Al复合材料的界面结构

借助于SEM和TEM研究了Al—TiO2-B2O3系热扩散反应法合成铝基复合材料的界面结构。结果表明：在B2O3与TiO2摩尔比小于1时，增强相由棒状的Al3Ti及颗粒状的TiB2和α-Al2O3组成。Al3Ti与基体的界面干净、相容性好，在基体中分布均匀；TiB2与铝基体界面干净，并存在以下位向关系：[231^-]Al∥[0001]TiB2，（204^-）Al∥（2420^--）TiB2，可成为基体结晶时的核心，细化基体晶粒；口一Al2O3与铝基体的润湿性差，被推挤到基体颗粒的界面呈偏聚状态，并存有孪晶现象，其孪晶面为（111），孪生方向为[112^-]。     

TiB2合成反应机理的优势区相图分析

随着碳热还原反应的进行,B2O3被C还原生成B2O2,B2O2进一步被碳还原生成B4C.碳热还原TiO2和B2O3合成TiB2的反应机理如下在1200～1300℃温度下,TiO2被C还原成中间产物Ti3O5;在1250～1300℃温度范围,B2O3被C还原生成中间气相产物B2O2;当还原反应温度达到1300℃以上时,中间产物Ti3O5与B2O2一起被C还原生成TiB2.     

Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

用氢-氧取代氧-乙炔作焊接切割的必要性及可行性

阐述了用氢代乙炔的必要性．通过时HGQU2000／315火焰电孤焊割机的考察和试用证实了用氢代乙炔的可行性，比较了两种气体的性质并提出了使用特性差异和注意事项．提出了进一步探索的问题。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

ACTIVITY OF La_2O_3 IN LIQUID La_2O_3-CaF_2 AND La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2 SLAGS

用石墨为还原剂,将渣中La_2O_3还原入液态Sn,以测定1500℃下La_2O_3-CaF_2和La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2渣中La_2O_3的活度.对La_2O_3-CaF_2系,并用Gibbs-Duhem积分法求得CaF_2的活度. 根据液态渣的离子结构模型,对上述二渣系中La_2O_3的活度数据进行了简单的讨论.     

Mechanoluminescence in BaSi2O2N2:Eu

Mechanoluminescence (ML), a general term for the phenomenon in which light emission occurs during any mechanical action on a solid, can be divided roughly into two classes: destructive ML and non-destructive ML. For practical use in high-end applications (e.g. pressure sensors), materials with non-destructive ML properties are preferred. This paper reports on the strong non-destructive ML in BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. When irradiated in advance with ultraviolet or blue light, this phosphor shows intense blue-green light emission upon mechanical stimulation such as friction or pressure. The ML has an emission band peaking at 498 nm, which is ～4 nm red-shifted compared to the steady-state photoluminescence. The origin of the ML is discussed and related to the persistent luminescence of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. The same traps are responsible for both phenomena. Based on the occurrence of ML in this phosphor, we were able to show that the predominant crystallographic structure of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu belongs to space group Cmc2₁.     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

Thermodynamic evaluation of phase equilibria in the CaCl2-MgCl2-CaF2-MgF2 system

The phase diagram of the CaCl₂-CaF₂-MgCl₂-MgF₂ reciprocal ternary system was calculated thermodynamically from available data on the common-ion binary subsystems and from available data on the CaCl₂-MgF₂ join. This join is very nearly quasibinary and divides the system into two quasiternary systems: the CaCl₂-MgF₂-CaF₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 724 +-5 °C and the CaC₂-MgF₂-MgCl₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 561 +-5 °C.     

The Quasi-Ternary System Cu2Se-Ga2Se3-GeSe2

The quasi-ternary system Cu₂Se-Ga₂Se₃-GeSe₂ was investigated using the methods of differential thermal and x-ray analysis. An isothermal section at 770 K and a liquidus surface projection of the phase diagram were constructed. The existence of the quaternary phase CuGaGeSe₄, the boundaries of solid solutions ranges of the system compounds were established.     

High temperature corrosion of Fe-Cr-Mn-alloys in H2-H2S and H2-H2O-H2S gas mixtures

The sulfidation of Fe-20% Cr-30% Mn, Fe-25%Cr-20%Mn and Fe-25% Cr was studied at 700°C in H₂-H₂S and the oxidation and sulfidation in H₂-H₂O-H₂S after preoxidation in H₂-H₂O. The sulfidation rate is strongly increased for the Mn-containing alloys, layers of (Mn,Cr)S and (Mn,Fe)Cr₂S₄ are formed. Also the oxidation rate is enhanced compared to Fe-25% Cr by formation of MnCr₂O₄ instead of Cr₂O₃. The sulfidation after preoxidation leads to internal and external sulfidation of the Mn-containing alloys. With increasing oxygen pressure p(O₂) = 10^?26…10^?22 atm. of the H₂-H₂O-H₂S mixtures the sulfidation is suppressed, for the higher oxygen pressure 10^?23 and 10^?22 atm. fast oxidation prevails under formation of MnCr₂O₄. Manganese cannot increase the sulfidation resistance of alloys, in spite of the stability and low degree of disorder of its sulfide, since the mixed sulfide (Mn,Cr)S is formed which has a high degree of disorder, high diffusivities and high growth rate according to the doping effect of trivalent Cr³⁺.