激光重熔纳米氧化锆热障涂层的抗热冲击性能

采用纳米氧化锆团聚粉末和等离子喷涂技术制备了纳米氧化锆涂层,试验研究了激光重熔工艺参数(激光比能量)对纳米氧化锆涂层抗热冲击性能的影响.结果表明,激光重熔工艺参数对重熔涂层的抗热冲击性能影响显著,采用合适的工艺参数(激光比能量),可以使重熔涂层获得最佳的抗热冲击性能.不同激光重熔工艺参数处理的涂层形成的组织结构不同,使得涂层的抗热冲击性能不同.合适的激光重熔工艺参数下涂层表现出高的抗热冲击性能,主要是因为重熔后的涂层组织结构有利于热应力的释放以及其相结构在高温冲击下具有良好的稳定性.     

TiAl基合金表面激光重熔陶瓷涂层研究

采用等离子喷涂工艺在TiAl基合金表面制备纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2(质量分数)涂层,然后用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理.用扫描电镜分析了涂层的剖面组织结构,并用显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机测试了涂层的显微硬度及其耐磨性能.结果表明,等离子喷涂后的纳米陶瓷涂层组织较均匀、致密,但涂层仍存在孔隙率高等缺陷.激光重熔后涂层的组织结构进一步致密,显微硬度得到提高,耐摩擦性能也得到明显的改善.     

激光重熔改性WC/Fe等离子喷涂涂层组织及其耐磨性能

目的改善等离子喷涂WC/Fe复合陶瓷涂层的组织,增强其耐磨性能,并研究激光重熔涂层在不同温度下的耐磨性能。方法采用激光重熔技术处理等离子喷涂WC/Fe复合陶瓷涂层,利用附带能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计测试和表征了等离子喷涂涂层在激光重熔前后的组织特征、物相组成及显微硬度,利用摩擦磨损试验机对激光重熔涂层在25、200、400℃下的耐磨性能进行了对比考察。结果等离子喷涂WC/Fe复合陶瓷涂层呈层状结构,经过激光重熔处理后,其片层状结构和孔隙等缺陷基本消失,且激光熔覆区的顶部组织为等轴晶和细小枝晶,熔覆区的底部组织为胞状晶,涂层与基体结合带区的组织为粗大的树枝晶,涂层与基体形成了冶金结合。激光重熔涂层中的WC、W_2C、M_(23)C_6及Ni_6BSi_2等高硬度化合物的弥散强化作用,使得激光重熔涂层的显微硬度约为原等离子喷涂涂层的2倍。激光重熔涂层在25℃下的磨损亚表层最完好,在400℃时出现了微裂纹。结论重熔能消除等离子喷涂涂层的各种缺陷,得到组织致密的涂层。重熔涂层在不同温度下表现出不同的磨损机理,在25℃下表现出最好的耐磨性能。     

纳米掺杂Al2O3＋13wt% TiO2等离子喷涂涂层的抗磨损性能

采用纳米掺杂(5%～30%)方法制备出纳米包覆微米级粒子的AT13等离子喷涂粉末,并利用大气等离子喷涂技术制备出了含有纳米复相结构的陶瓷涂层.在MM-200型磨损试验机上进行了常温干摩擦试验,比较了纳米复相结构涂层和传统陶瓷涂层的耐磨性能,利用扫描电镜观察了磨损后的磨痕形貌.结果表明,纳米复相涂层的耐磨性能明显好于传统陶瓷涂层,且随着磨损载荷的增大,纳米复相涂层和传统涂层的磨损机制的变化是不同的,传统涂层的磨损机理主要是微裂纹和颗粒的剥落,而相同条件下纳米复相涂层则由于涂层韧性的提高,主要表现为涂层的粘着磨损与局部剥落,并对纳米掺杂等离子喷涂涂层对AT13涂层磨损机制的影响进行了探讨.     

激光重熔纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2陶瓷涂层组织及性能

为了进一步提高等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2(质量分数, 下同)复合陶瓷涂层的性能,在γ-TiAl基体材料表面采用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了激光重熔对涂层微观组织和性能的影响.用扫描电镜(SEM)和显微硬度计分析了涂层形貌、微观结构和显微硬度,同时对涂层的磨损特性进行了考察.结果表明,等离子喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层由纳米颗粒完全熔化区和部分熔化区两部分组成,仍然具有等离子喷涂态的典型层状结构.经过激光重熔后,形成了致密细小的等轴晶重熔区、烧结区和残余等离子喷涂区,由于激光快速加热和快速冷却加工特点,在重熔区仍保留了部分来源于原等离子喷涂部分熔化区的残留纳米粒子.与常规等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层相比,纳米结构涂层可在一定程度上提高其硬度和耐磨性,经过激光重熔后其硬度和耐磨性进一步提高.     

复合制备Ni基合金涂层的组织结构及性能演变特征

采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在45#钢基体上制备Ni60合金涂层,对预制的涂层分别进行高频感应重熔和感应重熔+强制冷却处理。借助OM、SEM、XRD、显微硬度计和销盘式摩擦磨损试验机对3种涂层的组织结构、显微硬度分布及摩擦磨损性能进行分析,研究Ni60合金涂层组织结构及其性能的演变特征。结果表明:3种涂层组织结构差异较大,单纯感应重熔涂层使喷涂涂层组织结构细密化,感应重熔+强制冷却的涂层形成了外延型生长的定向晶结构。喷涂涂层硬度自内向外呈明显下降趋势,而后续处理的2种涂层均表现为自内向外略为增加趋势,导致喷涂涂层尽管有较高的平均硬度,但表层硬度低于其他2种涂层。3种涂层均有很好的耐磨性能,但后续处理使涂层的摩擦系数明显增大,耐磨性能显著增强,尤其附加强制冷却的涂层表现出更加优异的耐磨性能,其平均磨损率分别低于喷涂涂层约8.5倍和单纯感应重熔涂层约2倍。     

激光重熔等离子喷涂WC颗粒增强镍基涂层组织及高温磨损性能

为了提高等离子喷涂WC颗粒增强镍基涂层的性能,采用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了激光重熔对涂层微观组织和性能的影响．用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和显微硬度计分析了涂层表面形貌、微观结构、相组成和显微硬度,同时对涂层的高温摩擦磨损特性进行了考察．结果表明,激光重熔消除了等离子喷涂层的层片状结构、孔隙等缺陷,涂层致密度提高;另外在激光高能量密度作用下,WC颗粒部分熔化,并在周围析出枝晶结构．激光重熔处理后涂层的显微硬度明显提高,其磨损性能也显著高于原等离子喷涂层．     

材料结构与制备工艺对热障涂层显微组织的影响

以常规和纳米团聚体ZrO2-7%Y2O3陶瓷粉末为原料,采用等离子喷涂和等离子喷涂+激光重熔复合工艺在TiAl合金表面制备了常规和纳米结构热障涂层。用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了粉末结构及制备工艺对涂层显微组织的影响。结果表明:用常规等离子喷涂法制备的陶瓷涂层为典型的层状堆积特征;而用等离子喷涂法制备的纳米结构涂层则由纳米颗粒完全熔化区和部分熔化区组成,呈两相结构。由于受到激光功率、能量密度、激光作用区温度场分布、陶瓷导热系数和涂层厚度等因素的综合影响,经激光重熔后,涂层呈现出明显的分层结构特征:上部为致密的柱状晶重熔区,下部为残余等离子喷涂区。由于激光重熔纳米结构涂层重熔区中残余纳米粒子的增韧作用,其晶界强度较高,从而导致断口有相当数量的穿晶断裂,而激光重熔常规涂层重熔区的断口基本是沿晶断裂。     

水环境中等离子喷涂纳米/微米喂料Al2O3/TiO2涂层的摩擦学行为

利用纳米结构和常规喂料用大气等离子喷涂方法制备了Al2O3/TiO2涂层,研究了水环境中两种涂层与不锈钢对磨时的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明：水环境中,两种涂层摩擦因数变化不大,但是纳米喂料涂层耐磨性能明显优于常规涂层,同时其对偶的磨损率仅为常规涂层对偶磨损率的1/3～1/5,磨损率随载荷的增加不断增加.讨论了水环境中两种涂层的磨损机制.     

AZ91D镁合金表面激光重熔Al-Si-Cu涂层的性能

采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合工艺在AZ91D镁合金表面制备Al-Si-Cu合金涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等研究了涂层的微观组织、显微硬度与摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,激光重熔后涂层组织致密均匀,涂层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,涂层显微硬度约为基体的2.2倍,由于晶粒细化和硬质相的存在耐磨性较基体明显提高,重熔层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损。     

Wear and corrosion resistance of laser remelted and plasma sprayed Ni and Cr coatings on copper

Nickel and chromium coatings were produced on the copper sheet using plasma spraying and laser remelting. The sliding wear test was achieved on a block-on-ring tester and the corrosion test was carried out in an acidic atmosphere. The corrosive behaviors of both coatings and original copper samples were investigated by using an impedance comparison method. The experimental results show that the nickel and chromium coatings display better wear resistance and corrosion resistance relative to the original pure copper sample. The wear resistance of the coatings is 8 - 12 times as large as original samples, and the wear resistance of laser remelted samples is better than that of plasma sprayed ones. The corrosion resistance of laser remelted nickel and chromium samples is better than that of plasma sprayed samples respectively. The corrosion rate of chromium coatings is less than that of nickel coatings, and the laser remelted Cr coating exhibits the least corrosion rate.     

Improving corrosion properties of high-velocity oxy-fuel sprayed inconel 625 by using a high-power continuous wave neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser

Thermal spray processes are widely used to protect materials and components against wear, corrosion and oxidation. Despite the use of the latest developments of thermal spraying, such as high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and plasma spraying, these coatings may in certain service conditions show inadequate performance,e.g., due to insufficient bond strength and/or mechanical properties and corrosion resistance inferior to those of corresponding bulk materials. The main cause for a low bond strength in thermalsprayed coatings is the low process temperature, which results only in mechanical bonding. Mechanical and corrosion properties typically inferior to wrought materials are caused by the chemical and structural inhomogeneity of the thermal-sprayed coating material. To overcome the drawbacks of sprayed structures and to markedly improve the coating properties, laser remelting of sprayed coatings was studied in the present work. The coating material was nickel-based superalloy Inconel 625, which contains chromium and molybdenum as the main alloying agents. The coating was prepared by HVOF spraying onto mild steel substrates. High-power continuous wave Nd:YAG laser equipped with large beam optics was used to remelt the HVOF sprayed coating using different levels of power and scanning speed. The coatings as-sprayed and after laser remelting were characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Laser remelting resulted in homogenization of the sprayed structure. This strongly improved the performance of the laser-remelted coatings in adhesion, wet corrosion, and high-temperature oxidation testing. The properties of the laser-remelted coatings were compared directly with the properties of as-sprayed HVOF coatings and with plasma-transferred arc (PTA) overlay coatings and wrought Inconel 625 alloy.     

Properties of alumina-titania coatings prepared by laser-assisted air plasma spraying

Studies have shown that microstructures formed by post-laser remelting of air plasma sprayed coatings exhibit densification but also numerous macrocracks due to the rapid cooling and thermal stresses. In laser-assisted air plasma spraying (LAAPS) process, the laser beam interacts simultaneously with the plasma torch in order to increase the temperature of the coating and possibly remelt the coating at the surface. As a result, the microstructure is partially densified and macrocracks, which are generally produced in the post-laser irradiation treatment, may be inhibited. In this paper, LAAPS was performed to improve the hardness and wear resistance of Al₂O₃-13%TiO₂ coatings. These coatings prepared by air plasma spraying (APS) are widely used to protect components against abrasive wear at low temperatures. The coating microstructure was characterized by SEM and X-ray diffraction. The mechanical characterization was done by hardness measurements, erosive wear tests and abrasion wear tests. Results showed that laser assistance may improve the microstructural and mechanical properties. Phenomena involved in LAAPS of alumina-titania coatings are discussed in this paper.     

爆炸喷涂WC-12%Co涂层的滑动磨损性能

采用爆炸喷涂技术制备纳米和普通WC-12%Co涂层,用往复试验机对涂层的干滑动磨损性能进行了研究,分析了涂层磨损前后的形貌、结构及成分变化.结果表明:相同的喷涂条件下,WC-12%Co纳米涂层比普通涂层结构均匀、致密,但碳化物分解严重.尽管纳米涂层与普通涂层具有相近的硬度,但普通涂层的耐磨性优于纳米涂层,尤其是在重载条件下.普通涂层的磨损机制为微切削;纳米涂层在轻载(10 N)下,以塑性变形为主要磨损机制,随载荷增加至30 N,纳米WC粒子不能起到阻抗陶瓷球对磨副的磨削作用,而是随粘结相一起被去除,同时由于纳米涂层脱碳导致的层间结合薄弱,在滑动磨损中易发生成片剥落,耐磨性大幅下降.     

激光表面重熔对ZrO_2-8wt%Y_2O_3热障涂层组织与抗热震性能的影响

采用等离子喷涂设备在H13热作模具钢表面制备氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆(ZrO2-8 wt%Y2O3)热障涂层,并用CO2横流激光器对热障涂层进行表面重熔处理,并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热震试验等手段研究激光重熔前后热障涂层的微观结构及其抗热震性能的变化。结果表明,重熔前后涂层均由四方结构钇锆氧化物和立方相的氧化锆组成,重熔后涂层结晶度增加,晶粒有长大现象。激光重熔后涂层产生明显分层,表层组织孔隙和裂纹明显减少,裂纹呈网状且沿晶界分布,重熔涂层内部仍保持等离子喷涂典型结构。激光重熔后涂层孔隙率降低了67%,涂层的抗热震性能也显著提高。     

用激光重熔法提高铝硅合金的耐磨性

研究了激光重熔3种火焰喷涂层的强化效果。分析了激光重熔前后涂层的化学成分、显微组织、相结构以及显微硬度变化，进行了涂层的磨损试验。结果表明，激光重熔使涂层显微组织细化，质量明显改善，耐磨性能明显提高。     

不同参数下激光重熔Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层冲蚀磨损性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术在低碳钢表而喷涂Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层,然后在不同工艺参数下对其进行激光重熔处理.考察不同重熔参数下涂层的冲蚀性能.并与喷涂层对比.结果表明:在激光功率3.0 kW,扫描速率50mm/s的工艺参数下激光重熔.涂层的冲蚀失重最小.所形成的涂层表面均匀性较好;重熔层的致密度要优于喷涂层,重熔后涂层由机械结合转变为冶金结合;南于表面氧化层的存在和内部冶金结合的形成,重熔层硬度较喷涂层高.