汽车尾气净化催化剂评价方法

汽车尾气净化催化剂已成为控制汽车尾气排放的主要措施之一。科学地评价催化剂产品质量，考核其性能寿命指标便成为目前急需解决的问题之一。本文中介绍了几种主要的汽车废气分析测试方法，着重叙述了3种催化剂评价方法，指出探索科学完善的催化剂评价测试方法对汽车尾气净化催化剂的研究开发具有重要意义。     

汽车尾气催化净化技术发展动向

汽车尾气是大气污染的主要来源之一.世界上发达国家的汽车尾气排放法规日趋严格,未来汽车必须达到低排放、超低排放,甚至零排放的要求.汽车尾气催化净化技术被证明是最有效的控制汽车排放污染的方法之一.新发展的尾气催化净化技术,如密偶催化剂、HC吸附催化剂以及稀薄燃烧条件下的NOx吸附还原催化剂等的应用,可满足国外未来更严格的排放法规的要求.同时概述了我国目前汽车尾气净化器行业的发展概况,指出了我国汽车尾气净化器在产业化方面的不足以及努力方向.     

NOx废气净化技术与不锈钢酸洗废气处理对策

阐述了湿法吸收还原和选择性催化还原（SCR）净化技术处理工业氮氧化物废气的原理及其应用，并对这两种技术进行了比较。结果表明：选择性催化还原技术适合用于连续、高浓度排放含氮氧化物的废气系统。湿法吸收净化技术适合于较低浓度排放含氮氧化物的废气系统，特别是还含有其它有毒气体的氮氧化物废气系统。最后，提出了不锈钢酸洗废气处理的建议。     

消失模铸造车间废气处理中催化剂的选择

考察了ＴＦＪＦ型、ＣＭ－Ⅰ型、ＣＭ－Ⅱ型三各催化剂对苯的催化净化性能，比较了它们的净化效果。结果表明，ＣＭ－Ⅰ型和ＴＦＪＦ型贵金属催化剂的性能优于ＣＭ－Ⅱ型贱金属催化剂，适合于消失模铸造车间有机废气的净化处理。     

负载型Cu基结构催化剂的制备及其含氰废气净化性能研究

目的调整Cu基结构催化剂浸渍液的组分,研究其对丙烯腈、氰化氢含氰组分净化效率的影响。方法通过表面改性的方法,在常见的分子筛和氧化物表面负载不同种类与含量的助剂,得到结构催化剂,并且利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、比表面积分析仪、催化剂颗粒强度仪,对催化剂的微观形貌、结构特性和机械强度等进行系统表征。利用氢气程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)和氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD),对催化剂表面物种的氧化还原性和酸性进行研究。结果通过筛选发现,添加Fe和Ce助剂得到的结构催化剂,在含氰废气净化过程中表现出优异的催化性能和稳定性。各浸渍组分均匀分布在所用的载体表面,经ICP分析测得催化剂中各负载组分的含量为4.5%Cu+1.1%Ce+1.2%Fe(均为质量分数)。利用该方法得到的催化剂比表面积高,孔道结构丰富,表面物种分布均匀且径向强度超过100 N/cm。含丙烯腈和氢氰酸的废气经过催化剂处理后,高效转化为无害的CO_2、H_2O和N_2。废气中丙烯腈含量小于0.5 mg/m~3,氰化氢小于1.9 mg/m~3,氮氧化物小于100 mg/m~3,均低于国家排放标准的限值,且经过2500h连续反应,未发现明显失活现象。另外,催化剂同时具有较好的丙烷催化燃烧去除性能和水热稳定性,450℃下300 h内丙烷的去除率保持在85%以上。结论开发了一种简捷的方法对常见载体(分子筛、氧化物)进行表面改性处理,调控催化剂表面物种的化学性质。通过浸渍过程赋予其高效净化含氰废气的性能,同时催化剂具有优异的活性、稳定性和机械强度,存在良好的工业化应用前景。     

铅酸蓄电池对人体的危害

<正> 汽车污染是人类生存的无形杀手 汽车排放的污染物分为尾气污染和铅酸蓄电池产生的废气、废液和固体废物污染物。蓄电池在汽车运行中不断的放电和充电,每只电瓶每A/h平均要排放9g左右废气,每辆车1年将排放2 kg废气(二氧化硫及铅的氧化物等)。在蓄电池报废时还要排放废硫酸液,其中含有硫酸、硫酸铅等。固体废物中含有铅、二氧化铅、硫酸铅、镉、砷等。全国目前正在使用的约1亿个硫酸蓄电池,铅酸蓄电池使用硫酸电解液所排放“三废”,已成为不容忽视的环境污染源。     

工业硅电炉的烟尘特性及其净化

目前我国多数工业硅厂对电炉生产时所产生的废气采取高空稀释排放的办法来达到治理污染的目的，也有极少数厂家采用干法袋式除尘来净化烟气的。本文总结了国内外在这方面较成熟的典型设计和运行参数，供新厂设计和老厂技术改造时参考。     

消失模车间废气净化处理中工艺参数的研究

催化燃烧法是处理消失模车间废气的有效方法。考察了废气浓度、温度以及空速等工艺参数对苯乙烯在蜂窝型催化剂上催化燃烧净化效率的影响。结果表明,苯乙烯浓度对废气净化效率影响不大,温度对苯乙烯催化燃烧起着决定性的作用,随着空速的增加,苯乙烯的净化效率下降。     

新型稀土基催化材料在欧Ⅳ车用催化剂上的应用

以共沉淀法和贵金属修饰技术,研制了一种新型的稀土基复合催化材料作为车用三效催化剂的催化涂层.通过发动机台架测试技术评价该催化剂的催化活性,并按严格的欧Ⅳ排放法规,通过整车转鼓试验和实车道路试验,评价该催化剂对排放废气的处理能力和耐久性.结果表明,以该催化材料制备的催化剂不仅具有十分优异的起燃特性、空燃比特性和废气处理能力,而且劣化程度低、抗老化能力强,完全可以配合所匹配车型达到欧Ⅳ排放标准的限值要求和耐久性要求.     

皮尔博格与浙江银轮成立合资公司生产废气再循环模块

正皮尔博格有限公司(Pierburg GmbH)是一家属于德国莱茵金属股份公司旗下的汽车压铸件制造商,于2016年12月与位于中国天台的浙江银轮机械股份有限公司(Zhejiang Yinlun Machinery Co.,Ltd.)签订协议,成立一家合资公司,为中国汽车业生产废气再循环模块。皮尔博格银轮排放技术有限公司将为汽车制造业供应经过认证的可直接安装的废气再循环系统。废气再循环是减少汽油机和柴油机NOx排放的方     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.