含钌废料回收钌工艺概况

从废料中回收和循环利用钌，对于实现可持续发展、节约资源和环境保护都具有重要意义。综述了从含钌废料中回收钌的工艺，氧化蒸馏法包括酸性介质和碱性介质中的氧化蒸馏、氯化法和直接氧化法、熔融-浸出-沉淀法，其他湿法浸出法包括碱性热压-还原沉淀法、碱性氧化溶解-还原沉淀和微波浸出-浊点萃取。简述了制备三氯化钌和还原制备高纯钌粉的工艺和方法。     

含钌废催化剂回收钌的技术综述

从废钌催化剂中回收钌对于钌资源缺乏的我国具有特殊意义。基于文献和国内相关专利的分析,对氧化蒸馏法、熔融还原沉淀法、离子交换法、吸附法、捕集法、萃取法以及其他回收钌的方法进行了综述分析。不同方法各有其优缺点,其中成熟和应用最广的是氧化蒸馏法,选择性吸附法和萃取法具有选择性高、回收率高、污染小,是有发展前景的技术。     

从失效钌锌催化剂中回收钌的工艺研究

钌锌催化剂是液相法苯选择加氢制环己烯的高效催化剂，用量大、贵金属含量高，研究失效钌锌催化剂中钌的回收具有重要意义。本研究提出了一种从失效钌锌催化剂中回收钌的方法，并通过实验优化了工艺条件。最佳工艺条件为，1) 焙烧:在650 ℃下焙烧4 h，球磨至80目；2) 碱熔:失效催化剂:氢氧化钠:高锰酸钾(质量比)为1:2:0.5，在650 ℃下熔融5 h；3) 蒸馏:于95 ℃通氯气蒸馏钌2 h。在最优条件下，钌直收率97.66%，产出的三氯化钌质量符合标准要求。     

硼氢化钠-氢还原重量法测定难溶解钌-硼焊料中的钌

建立了硼氢化钠-氢还原重量法测定难溶解钌-硼焊料中高量钌的方法,研究了测定钌的条件,比较了试样的玻璃封管酸溶解法与碱熔融法和钌的硼氢化钠-氢还原重量法与蒸馏-硫脲显色分光光度法.结果表明:玻璃封管酸溶解法较碱熔融法费时且操作繁琐,但钌的测定体系单纯;硼氢化钠-氢还原重量法较蒸馏-硫脲显色分光光法费时,但因钌的测定浓度较高,故相对误差较小.测定50～100 mg钌,相对误差-0.24%～+0.25%.方法准确度高,选择性好,实用性强,已用于钌-硼焊料中质量分数＞90%钌的测定,结果满意.     

用于溅射靶材的高纯钌粉的制备工艺研究

采用超重力旋转填料床反应器氧化减压蒸馏装置,从一次钌盐酸吸收液中氧化蒸馏赶锇、提钌。氧化蒸馏出的Ru O4经盐酸吸收还原,制得纯的钌盐酸溶液;经氯化铵结晶沉淀,所得的氯钌酸铵沉淀物在氢气氛围下煅烧还原,制得高纯海绵钌;海绵钌经王水与氢氟酸混合酸煮洗,在氢气氛围下干燥后制得纯钌粉。经辉光放电质谱法——GDMS分析,钌粉纯度达到99.999%以上,可直接用于溅射靶材。该工艺采用物理与化学、湿法与火法相结合的提纯技术,制得用于溅射靶材的高纯钌粉。超重力旋转填料床反应器氧化蒸馏具有可连续化作业、操作时间短、提钌率高、制备高纯含钌盐酸溶液产品质量稳定的特点。     

从钛阳极退镀料中回收精炼铱的工艺研究

通过氧化沉淀、还原溶解等工艺从钛阳极退镀料溶解液中回收贵金属铱,实验确定了最佳工艺条件,在氧化还原电位大于900 mV、氯化铵用量为铱的1倍以上时,铱的沉淀率大于98%,还原pH值为3时,可较好的分离铱中少量的铂钯铑钌杂质。方法适用于以铱为主体、贵金属杂质含量较低的含铱废料处理,操作简便,产品纯度可达到国标要求。     

碱熔-蒸馏-ICP-AES法测定载体催化剂中钌

研究了Ru/Al2O3催化剂中钌含量的测定，考察了溶样方法、测定方法、测定条件的影响。选用750℃过氧化钠熔融，以高锰酸钾和铋酸钠蒸馏分离，用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定样品中钌含量。结果表明，方法测定含量范围0.1%~10%，精密度(RSD)为2.0%~2.5%，加标回收率为96.9% ~102.8%，可满足实际物料中钌含量测定的要求。     

活性碳/氧化钌复合电极材料的制备及性能研究

通过胶体法制备不同含量的活性碳/氧化钌复合电极材料,然后把该材料在240℃热处理,随后对复合物进行热失重分析,利用X射线衍射仪及扫描电镜分别对该电极材料的形貌和结构进行表征;此外,对复合电极材料进行电化学性能测试。结果表明:活性碳与氧化钌复合有利于获得较细的颗粒,但是不影响氧化钌的结构;活性碳/氧化钌复合电极中碳的质量分数从13.6%增加到36.18%时,其比电容由664F/g减小为526F/g,能量密度从103.27Wh/kg降为75.18Wh/kg,功率密度从0.48kW/kg增加为0.64kW/kg,阻抗也随之降低;此外,采用该工艺制备氧化钌复合电极便捷实用。     

中国科学院成功研制出氧化钛“光开关”材料

采用循环伏安电沉积技术在钛基上获得水合氧化钌(RuOx·nH2O),其比容量为105F/g。通过电化学测试(循环伏安、恒电流充放电)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法研究了沉积物的电化学性质、物相及组成。结果表明:电沉积法获得的水合氧化钌呈非晶态结构,它由多氧化态钌混合羟基氧化物组成。在1.0mol·L-1H2SO4溶液中,该氧化物呈准电容特征,有较高电化学可逆性,可用作电化学电容器电极材料。     

含铱废料回收技术研究进展

铱由于其物理、化学性质稳定,被广泛应用于航空、电子、催化等高新技术行业,铱二次资源回收意义重大。基于对40多篇文献的分析,介绍了含铱废料的来源,综述了从不同废料中回收提纯铱的工艺,从铱金属和合金废料中回收铱包括溶解和精炼等工序,溶解的方法主要有碎化活化溶解,碱熔融预处理等;精炼的工艺主要有沉淀法、离子交换法、萃取法、氢还原法、高温氧化挥发法等。根据原料成分以及对铱纯度的要求,各种除杂的方法可以联合使用。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.