用掺碳活化烧结技术制取碳化硼材料

研究了 3种烧结活化剂 (葡萄糖、酚醛树脂和硬脂酸 )和不同的掺碳量对碳化硼烧结的影响。发现活化剂葡萄糖优于其它两种活化剂 ,以葡萄糖为活化剂 ,掺碳 3%,在 2 2 70℃氢气中常压烧结 1h获得的碳化硼材料密度为 2 .0 6 g/cm3 (相对密度 82 %) ,这一密度高于文献中报道的采用相同粒度粉末制得的结果。     

注射成型制备碳化硅陶瓷材料

以高纯SiC微粉为原料，添加碳化硼、碳为烧结助剂，研究了利用注射成型技术生产碳化硅陶瓷复杂件的工艺。选择了一种石蜡基多聚物粘结剂体系，在粉体体积分数为52％时，喂料的最佳注射参数是：注射温度160～170℃，注射压力为100-110MPa，采用溶剂脱脂加上热脱脂的二步法脱脂工艺，在氩气氛下，将烧结坯体于2100℃，保温1h进行固相烧结后，得到的碳化硅陶瓷复杂件密度为3．08g／cm^3，致密度为96％。     

高致密度Fe-Cr合金的粉末冶金制备工艺研究

以单质Fe粉和Cr粉为原料,采用粉末冶金法制备了Fe-25Cr合金。研究了压制压力、烧结温度和烧结时间对合金致密度和显微组织的影响。结果表明,烧结坯体的最终密度在所研究的范围内与压制压力、烧结温度、烧结时间成正比,但当烧结温度为1 300℃,烧结坯体的晶粒明显发生长大。粉末冶金法制备高致密度Fe-25Cr合金的最佳工艺参数为:压制压力800 MPa,烧结温度1 280℃,烧结时间60 min,所得到烧结坯体的相对密度为95.23%,实际密度为7.313 5 g/cm3。     

SPS制备致密碳化硼陶瓷的结构及性能

以富硼碳化硼粉体为原料,采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备致密碳化硼陶瓷体,研究了SPS工艺对碳化硼陶瓷结构和性能的影响.结果表明,SPS烧结工艺可以低温快速烧结得到致密度达到99.7%的碳化硼陶瓷体,烧结温度和烧结时间对碳化硼的致密度和晶粒尺寸都有影响.烧结过程中样品晶粒表面产生玻璃相,玻璃相的存在使碳化硼断裂机制由穿晶断裂过渡为沿晶断裂,有助于提高材料断裂强度和断裂韧性.SPS制备的致密碳化硅陶瓷材料具有良好的力学性能,其中致密度达到99.6%,抗弯强度达到550.1 MPa,硬度39.52 GPa.     

掺铝铬酸镧烧结过程的相变特征

用溶胶一凝胶法制备出铬酸镧超细粉体，然后掺入铝粉制成试样。用DSC和XRD等手段对掺铝铬酸镧烧结过程的相变进行研究。结果表明，掺铝La0.9Ca0.1CrO3烧结时铝首先熔化，然后与氧发生反应生成Al2O3，后者发生晶型转变后再与La0.9Ca0.1CrO3反应生成六铝酸镧。掺铝烧结体密度较素坯有所减小，电阻率随铝掺入量的增加而显著增大。     

掺杂三氧化二钕对钼丝显微组织和性能影响的研究

研究了在钼中掺入少量稀土元素钛的氧化物（Ｎｄ２Ｏ３）后，对钼丝的组织及性能的影响。结果表明，Ｎｄ２Ｏ３的加入明显细化了烧结钼坯条的晶粒；钼丝的再结晶温度和强度均随掺入Ｎｄ２Ｏ３量的增加而显著升高，并有较长的一次再结晶温区，经１７５０℃高温退火后，室温延伸率仍可达到３０％。实验表明，掺入Ｎｄ２Ｏ３量控制在１．０ｗｔ％左右时，加工钼丝材的显微组织和性能最好。     

纳米Cu粉末的放电等离子烧结

利用放电等离子烧结装置考察了纳米铜粉坯体的升温过程,研究了烧结速度和烧结温度对烧结等效电阻、烧结体相对密度及晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明：在烧结过程中存在着最佳的烧结速度,当烧结速度为150℃／min时,样品致密度达到峰值88％左右,晶粒的平均尺寸接近200nm,且烧结的等效电阻随升温速度的增加而降低;纳米Cu粉末在250℃时开始烧结成块,随烧结温度提高,烧结致密度不断提高,电阻降低;但是当升温速度过快,烧结温度过高时,出现反致密化现象。     

用氧化淀粉实现氧化铝陶瓷的原位凝固成型

采用经过氧化改性后的木薯淀粉作为凝固剂进行氧化铝陶瓷原位凝固成型研究。研究了氧化淀粉添加量对陶瓷浆料流变特性以及成型素坯的密度、干坯强度的影响，测定了经1700℃烧结后瓷体的密度和强度。结果表明：当在固相体积分数为55％的氧化铝浆料中加入0．5％～1．5％（质量分数，下同）的氧化淀粉时，淀粉．氧化铝浆料的表观粘度随氧化淀粉添加量的增大而提高，但均小于0．4Pa‰制备出的坯体致密、均匀，体积密度大于60％；干坯强度随淀粉添加量的增大而提高，均在7MPa以上，当氧化淀粉量为1．5％时，可达12MPa。烧结后氧化铝陶瓷的抗弯强度均在220MPa以上，其中当淀粉加入量为1．0％时，陶瓷的抗弯强度可达307MPa；烧结体的致密度随着淀粉加入量的增大而下降，当淀粉加入量小于1．0％时，烧结体的相对密度在96％以上，与注浆成型制备的烧结体的致密度相当。通过添加少量氧化淀粉，可实现氧化铝陶瓷的近净尺寸原位凝固成型，并可获得高致密度的陶瓷烧结体。     

烧结方式对Mo烧结品质的影响

以JDC产Mo粉末为原料,初步探讨了不同烧结方式对Mo烧结品质的影响.研究结果表明,电阻烧结坯整体平均密度要高于中频烧结坯密度.中频烧结条件下C元素含量低、O元素含量高,而电阻烧结条件下C元素含量高、O元素含量低.中频烧结坯中部的显微组织孔洞数量明显高于烧结坯上部和下部,而电阻烧结坯上部显微组织孔洞数量明显高于其它部位,这与密度检测结果一致.Mo烧结坯杂质相主要存在晶内孔洞和晶界.晶内孔洞杂质相为Mo的氧化物,中频烧结下晶界杂质为少量单质碳和较为复杂的金属氧化物,而电阻烧结下晶界杂质主要为单质碳和少量金属氧化物.     

CuSn-P—Mo—C系烧结轴承材料性能的研究

采用粉末冶金方法制备了CuSn-P—Mo-C系烧结轴承材料，研究了压坯密度和Mo的加入量对材料性能的影响。结果表明：CuSn—P-Mo—C系烧结轴承材料中，Mo以颗粒状弥散分布在锡青铜基体上，适量的Mo可使材料的压溃强度提高，并具有较低的摩擦系数和磨损量，但随着Mo含量的增加，易产生Mo颗粒团聚，使材料性能下降；Mo含量相同的条件下，压坯密度较低，孔隙集中在试样的中间部位，而压坯密度过高，容易发生供油不足，故其应控制在合理的范围内。本实验条件下，Mo含量为2％，压坯密度在6．50～6．55s／cm3时，CuSn．P—Mo．C系烧结轴承材料性能最佳。     

烧结助剂对Salon常压烧结的影响

研究了以Y2O3和Y2O3＋La2O3为烧结助剂的Sialon陶瓷的常烧结过程及其相结构。结果表明：添加6％Y2O3在1750℃常压烧结1h可获得相对密度大于99％的Sialon陶瓷;La2O3可部分或大部分取代Y2O3,混合烧结助剂的最佳烧结温度（1800℃）略高于单纯以Y2O3为烧结助剂的最佳烧结温度（1750℃）。加入La抑制了α′相和YAG相的生成,选择合适的工艺条件,可制得α′ β′复相陶瓷。探讨了用Col-Gel化学法混料替机械法混料的可能性,由于γ－Al2O3转变成α－Al2O3等原因,化学混料法的效果不如机械法。     

Microwave sintering of hardmetals

Application of microwave radiation as a heat source for sintering of hardmetal is described. Sintering of hardmetal with microwaves leads to a finer microstructure because of lower sintering temperatures and shorter processing times. A further variant is the microwave reaction sintering of a powder mixture of metallic tungsten, carbon and cobalt to obtain finer microstructures than by the conventional route. Moreover, this process offers a great potential for simplifying and shortening the process sequence in hardmetal production. The in-situ formation of WC-platelets during microwave reaction sintering was observed.     

Low-temperature sintering process for UO2 pellets in partially-oxidative atmosphere

Low-temperature sintering（LTS） experiments of UO2 pellets and their results were reported. Moreover, a routine process of LTS for UO2 pellets was primarily established. Being sintered at 1 400 ℃ for 3 h in a partially-oxidative atmosphere, the relative density of the pellet can be up to around 94%. Pellets with such a high density are of benefit for following-up reduction-sintering processes. Orthogonal test indicates that the importance of factors affecting the density decreases in the sequence of partial-oxidative sintering temperature and time, reduction-sintering time and temperature, and sintering atmosphere. It is found that it is helpful to introducing a small amount of water vapor into the sintering atmosphere during the latter stage. It is believed that it is the key factor to raise the O/U ratio of original powder in order to improve the properties of the low-temperature sintered pellets.     

Pressureless sintering of La-Y-Sialon ceramics and grain growth in later period of sintering

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Ni-CuSn混合粉末选区激光烧结试验

通过对双组分Ni-CuSn混合粉末进行激光烧结试验,表明此组粉末体系成形机制是粉末半熔化状态下的液相烧结机制。详细讨论了激光工艺参数对成形机制及烧结质量的影响,结果表明,将激光功率和扫描速率控制在适宜的范围内,才可实现预期的成形机制,并获得较好的烧结质量。对烧结件显微组织分析表明,组分M和CuSn间存在较为明显的熔点差、及两者之间较高的固溶度,是保证液相烧结机制、获得较高烧结致密度的前提。     

Microstructure,sintering behavior and mechanical properties of SiC/MoSi2 composites by spark plasma sintering

SiC/MoSi₂ composites were synthesized at different temperatures by spark plasma sintering using Mo, Si and SiC powders as raw materials. The phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-prepared composites were investigated and the sintering behavior was also discussed. Results show that SiC/MoSi₂ composites are composed of MoSi₂, SiC and trace amount of Mo_4.8Si₃C_0.6 phase and exhibit a fine-grain texture. During the synthesis process, there was an evolution from solid phase sintering to liquid phase sintering. When sintered at 1600 °C, the SiC/MoSi₂ composites present the most favorable mechanical properties, the Vickers hardness, bending strength and fracture toughness are 13.4 GPa, 674 MPa and 5.1 MPa·m^1/2, respectively, higher 44%, 171%, 82% than those of monolithic MoSi₂. SiC can withstand the applied stress as hard phase and retard the rapid propagation of cracks as second phase, which are beneficial to the improved mechanical properties of SiC/MoSi₂ composites.     

Test of Cu base alloy Huadong sintering model

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华东模型中烧结机制相互关系的数学讨论

依据华东烧结模型中膨胀机制和收缩机制的数学表征,讨论了两种机制的相互关系.结果表明烧结初期,膨胀机制占主导;烧结中期,收缩机制占主导,并抵消膨胀机制的作用;烧结终结前,膨胀机制略占主导.     

Microstructural evolution and sintering kinetics during spark plasma sintering of Fe and Al blended powder

The reaction diffusion between Fe and Al during spark plasma sintering (SPS) was studied. Microstructural evolution was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the sintering kinetics was disclosed. The main interphase of the SPS sample was Fe₂Al₅ at 773–873 K. Ball-milling enabled a large number of lattice defects and grain boundaries thus the reaction kinetics was accelerated, although the direct current can also promote those defects. After milling, the phase transformation kinetics was improved from 0.207 before mill to 4.56×10^?3. Besides, this work provided more details for the generation of Joule heating. The resistance offered to the electric path was considered to be the source of Joule heating, and particularly the resistance offered by the different contact interfaces of die, punch, graphite foil and the sample played a leading role for the generation of Joule heating during spark plasma sintering.