搅拌摩擦加工铸态铝铁合金组织和性能研究

采用搅拌摩擦加工技术对含铁3％(质量分数)铸态铝铁合金进行3道次往复搅拌摩擦加工,研究加工区显微组织和力学性能的变化.结果表明,铸态铝铁合金经搅拌摩擦加工后,粗大的针状Al3Fe相被破碎成细小粒状,铸态组织转变成低位错密度的再结晶组织,且基体中存在细小的含铁亚稳相.搅拌摩擦加工后,加工区的显微硬度较铸态区降低,但分布比较均匀;加工区合金的抗拉强度稍微下降,延伸率显著增大.经搅拌摩擦加工后,合金拉伸断口呈现出微孔聚合韧性断裂特征.     

往复挤压Mg-4Al-4Si镁合金的显微组织与力学性能

研究往复挤压对Mg-4Al-4Si(AS44)合金显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明:往复挤压显著地细化晶粒,改善组织的均匀性;往复挤压4道次和8道次后,Mg2Si颗粒尺寸由铸态下的约120μm分别减小至3和2μm,α-Mg基体晶粒尺寸由铸态下的约50μm分别减小至9和8μm,形成了较为细小、弥散分布的Mg2Si颗粒和细小的等轴晶组织。合金的力学性能随往复挤压道次的增加而显著提高,挤压8道次时,合金的极限抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到251.7 MPa、210.5 MPa和14.8%,与铸态合金相比,上述力学性能指标分别提高了131.3%、191.1%和469.2%;挤压态合金拉伸断裂形式为微孔聚合型韧性断裂。     

往复挤压Mg-4Al-2Si镁合金的组织细化与力学性能

研究往复挤压变形对Mg-4Al-2Si合金组织和性能的影响性能,探讨基体组织和Mg2Si颗粒相的细化效果与细化机制,分析Mg2Si颗粒对再结晶的影响规律。结果表明:挤压过程中发生受位错攀移控制的动态再结晶,通过晶界迁移、亚晶合并与转动机制形成细小的α(Mg)再结晶等轴晶;随着往复挤压道次的增加,动态再结晶速度加快,晶粒尺寸迅速减小;α(Mg)与Mg2Si的晶粒尺寸在铸态下分别为45和60μm,往复挤压6道次后,晶粒尺寸减小到3和1μm,形成了细小、均匀的α(Mg)等轴晶组织,Mg2Si颗粒呈细小、弥散分布;合金的力学性能随往复挤压道次的增加而显著提高。     

铝青铜合金轴承组织细化方法的探讨

采用水平连续铸造电磁搅拌技术和650℃再结晶热处理进一步改善铝青铜组织及晶粒细化。结果表明:铝青铜轴承材料微观组织为单相α基体中析出K相化合物,且K相均匀、细小,弥散分布在α基体上。组织中α相的平均晶粒尺寸由铸态64.51μm细化到36μm,获得满意的细化效果。     

热处理细化铸态Ti46Al8Nb合金晶粒

研究一种热处理制度对细化铸造Ti46Al8Nb合金晶粒所起的作用。结果表明，加热至1360℃于900℃熔融盐淬火一退火一正火处理能够有效地破坏合金稳定、粗大的铸态组织，铸态晶粒尺寸由800μm可细化至200μm。同时该热处理还可显著降低合金的淬火裂纹倾向性，得到细小均匀的γ＋a2全片层组织（FL），提高铸造合金的室温力学性能。     

Be对铸态Al-Fe-V-Si合金组织及性能的影响

元素Be的加入使铸态Al-Fe-V-Si合金中粗大针状的铝铁相得到明显改善,基体晶粒得到细化,力学性能提高。在分析试验结果的基础上,对不同Be添加量的细化变质效果做了比较,综合来看,加入1.28?的合金中针状铝铁相已经消失,基体晶粒细小,力学性能较好。     

往复挤压Mg-4Al-2Si镁合金的晶粒细化

研究往复挤压Mg-4Al-2Si(AS42)合金的显微组织和晶粒细化机制。结果表明:挤压过程中发生受位错攀移控制的动态再结晶,随挤压道次的增加,合金的晶粒尺寸迅速减小;对合金挤压8道次后,得到晶粒细小、均匀分布的等轴晶组织,晶粒尺寸由铸态的45μm减小至1.5μm,此时,合金组织的细化趋于稳定,达到细化极限;晶粒细化机制是在往复挤压过程中通过累积动态再结晶,使再结晶得以彻底完成;增加位错密度和加剧晶界畸变使再结晶形核数目增多;大量挤压破碎、均匀分布的Mg2Si第二相颗粒成为再结晶形核核心,从而使晶粒得以细化;往复挤压11道次时,由于挤压温度过高,导致晶粒发生异常长大,最大尺寸约为10μm。本试验条件下晶粒发生异常长大的温度阀值约为400℃。     

搅拌摩擦加工MB8镁合金的组织与力学性能分析

研究了MB8(Mg-1.5Mn-0.3Ce)合金在FSP不同工艺参数条件下的组织和力学性能。试验在加工速度恒定为60mm/min,旋转速度分别为800、1200和1800r/min的条件下进行。结果表明,经FSP加工,原始轧制态MB8镁合金的粗大不均匀组织受到搅拌头的剧烈搅拌作用而破碎、分散,并发生动态再结晶,获得细小、均匀的等轴晶粒。在转速为800r/min时,搅拌区的平均晶粒尺寸由原始轧制态的16.5μm细化至6μm。常温拉伸试验结果表明,MB8镁合金经FSP加工后抗拉强度大幅下降,但伸长率显著增大,在1200r/min时伸长率达57%,是原始材料伸长率的160%。此外,采用SEM观察拉伸试样断口,分析了MB8镁合金的断裂机制。     

控冷环缝电磁搅拌对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金初生Al3Zr相及组织的影响

通过对比施加与未施加控冷环缝式电磁搅拌(IC-AEMS)熔体均匀化处理技术,对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金初生Al3Zr相的析出行为以及组织细化的影响进行了研究。结果表明,施加IC-AEMS后,Al3Zr粒子形貌从大尺寸针状与板状变成细小弥散分布的块状;此外,相比未施加IC-AEMS处理的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的凝固组织,施加IC-AEMS后,合金细化效果与组织均匀性得到提高,平均晶粒尺寸由387μm减小至218μm。     

Al-Cu-Mg-Ti合金固液混合近液相线铸造及凝固组织

通过向Al-Cu-Mg合金液中加入经过预处理的快速凝固Al-7％ Ti粉进行固液混合近液相线铸造,制备了不同Ti含量的Al-Cu-Mg-Ti合金.采用扫描电镜分析了合金的铸态晶粒组织和Al3Ti相的形态、尺寸与分布,研究了Al-7％Ti粉预处理工艺对Al-Cu-Mg-Ti合金铸态显微组织的影响,提出了优化的Al-7％Ti合金粉预处理工艺和加入量.结果表明,固液混合近液相线铸造Al-Cu-Mg-Ti合金的晶粒组织明显细化;合金中的Al3Ti相颗粒基本保持在2～ 10μm,与Al-7％ Ti粉中的Al3Ti相颗粒尺寸相当,且弥散均匀分布在铸态组织中.当钛含量超过1.5％时,即当Al-7％ Ti合金粉的加入量超过21.4％时,对合金晶粒组织的细化作用降低,且粗大的针状Al3Ti相明显增多.     

搅拌摩擦加工对铸态7075铝合金显微组织的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工对变形能力差的铸态7075铝合金进行改性加工,探讨了加工工艺对加工区显微组织的影响.加工工艺优化实验表明,在同样的工具设计和加工参数下,通过两道次重叠加工可在搅拌区获得均匀的细小等轴晶组织;此外,减小加工工具尺寸并提高旋转速度也可明显提高搅拌区显微观组织的均匀性.     

碱热处理对搅拌摩擦加工AZ31镁合金耐腐蚀性能的影响

对AZ31镁合金进行搅拌摩擦加工(Friction stir processing,FSP),并对母材(Basal material, BM)和FSP试样进行碱热处理(Alkali heat treatment,AHT),研究了AHT对搅拌摩擦加工后AZ31镁合金微观组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,FSP可以显著细化晶粒,平均晶粒尺寸由BM的12.8 μm细化至FSP后的3.1 μm,高角度晶界比例从BM的75.9%降低至FSP后的45.3%,晶界亚结构增多。AHT使材料表面形成致密的MgO和Al₂O₃混合涂层,有效地提高了AZ31镁合金的耐浸泡腐蚀性能。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir processed TA5 alloy

Ultra-fine grained TA5 titanium alloy was fabricated by friction stir processing (FSP). Temperature distribution and material flow were simulated by the coupled Euler–Lagrange (CEL) method. The microstructure and mechanical properties of TA5 alloy were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscope, Vickers hardness, and tensile tests. The processed alloy was composed of ultra-fine grained and equiaxed grains due to dynamic recrystallization. The microstructure recrystallized through grain boundary rotation and dislocation accumulation. The grain size reached the minimum on the advancing side of the stir zone with the highest grain misorientation. Ultimate tensile strength was promoted to over 830 MPa after FSP at a rotating speed of 200 r/min, whereas elongation varied a little. The specimens all fractured on the retreating side of the stir zone and smaller dimples were depicted from the fracture morphologies of FSP specimens.     

等通道转角挤压制备超细晶Mg15Al双相合金组织与性能

对高铝双相合金Mg15Al在553K以Bc路线进行了不同道次的等通道挤压(ECAP),获得了超细晶高铝镁合金。通过OM,SEM,TEM分析了ECAP前后合金的微观组织结构及断口形貌,并测试了不同挤压道次后合金的硬度和室温拉伸性能,分析了ECAP细化晶粒机理及其性能改善原因。结果表明,随挤压道次增加,累计形变增强,网状硬脆相β-Mg17Al12破碎,合金晶粒显著细化,但对单相区和两相混合区细化效果不同。在α、β两相共存区内,4道次ECAP后形成100nm～200nm的细晶粒;在α单相区,4道次ECAP后晶粒为1μm以下,且在初晶α-Mg内析出弥散细小的β相,起到细晶强化和弥散强化作用。8道次ECAP后,晶粒略有长大。ECAP使合金的硬度、抗拉强度和延伸率同时得到提高,尤其是4道次ECAP后,硬度提高了32.04%,抗拉强度σb从150MPa提高到269.3MPa,延伸率δ由0.05%提高到7.4%;8道次ECAP后,硬度、抗拉强度略有下降,延伸率略有上升。SEM断口观察显示ECAP使合金拉伸断口形貌由铸态的解理断裂特征转变为延性韧窝断裂特征。     

往复挤压Mg-4Al-2Si合金的显微组织与高温力学性能

研究了往复挤压Mg-4Al-2Si合金的显微组织与高温力学性能。结果表明,往复挤压可显著细化Mg-4Al-2Si合金的组织,随着挤压道次的增加,基体晶粒与Mg2Si相颗粒不断细化,其中,基体晶粒由于动态再结晶而细化。挤压8道次时,基体晶粒和Mg2Si颗粒的平均尺寸分别由铸态的45μm和20μm减小至1.5μm和1.3μm;但是,当挤压道次为11时,基体晶粒与Mg2Si相颗粒均出现粗化现象。往复挤压可使合金的高温力学性能大幅度提高,挤压8道次时,高温屈服强度最高,为197 MPa;挤压11道次时,高温抗拉强度最高,为256 MPa,与铸态高温强度相比,分别提高了163.9%和239.7%。合金的高温强化机制为Mg2Si颗粒的弥散强化作用,高温拉伸断裂形式为微孔聚合型韧性断裂。     

Microstructural refinement and property enhancement of cast light alloys via friction stir processing

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a novel metal-working technique that provides microstructural modification and control in the near-surface layer of metal components. FSP of cast Al and Mg alloys resulted in the break-up of coarse dendrites and secondary phases, refinement of matrix grains, dissolution of precipitates and elimination of porosity, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the castings significantly. Cast Ti alloys do not contain harmful secondary phases and the dendritic structure is masked by the β to α allotropic transformation, but the coarse lamellar structure is undesirable. In this article, microstructure and particle refinement, accelerated dissolution of precipitates and alloy systems suitable for FSP were addressed.     

Mechanical and Damping Behavior of Age-Hardened and Non-age-hardened Al Alloys After Friction Stir Processing

This study investigated the microstructure, mechanical, and damping properties of a non-age-hardened Al alloy(5086) and an age-hardened Al alloy(7075) after friction stir processing(FSP). Microstructural analyses indicate that FSP led the grain refinement of samples, and the grains size decreased with the decrease in the tool rotation rate. Furthermore, FSP with low rotation rate promotes the η phase precipitation in the 7075 alloy, causing the micron-sized particles in the 5086 alloy to break up. After being subjected to FSP with low rotation rate, the 5086 and 7075 alloys exhibited excellent mechanical and damping properties. Such improved properties were ascribed to their equilibrium grain boundaries, fine grain, low density of dislocations, high fraction of high misorientation angle, and uniform particle distribution.     

Friction stir processing of thixoformed AZ91D magnesium alloy and fabrication of Al-rich surface

The microstructural evolution characteristics of thermo-mechanically affected zone were investigated during friction stir processing (FSP) of the thixoformed AZ91D alloy. Simultaneously, an Al-rich surface layer was prepared by combination of Al powder using FSP method. The results indicate that the dynamic recrystallization and mechanical separation (including splitting and fracture of the primary grains) are the main mechanisms of grain refinement. For the thixoformed alloy, the operation efficiency of these mechanisms is less than that of the permanent mould casting AZ91D alloy, thus its microstructural evolution is relatively slow and the resulting grain size is relatively large. These are attributed to the differences in their original microstructures. The Al-rich surface layer can obviously improve the corrosion resistance in NaCl aqueous solution. A proper solution heat treatment (at 415 ℃ for 1 h) can further increase the corrosion resistance. In order to improve corrosion resistance, increasing the amount and improving the distribution uniformity of the Al-rich phase are more effective than increasing the Al solubility in the matrix.     

搅拌摩擦加工AZ31镁合金的超塑性

对搅拌摩擦加工AZ31镁合金的微观组织和拉伸力学行为进行了研究。结果表明,通过搅拌摩擦加工,热轧AZ31板材的平均晶粒尺寸由92.0μm细化到11.4μm。搅拌摩擦加工板材在高温下具有优异的塑性,伸长率在温度为723K和应变速率为5×10-4s-1的条件下达到1050%。该材料还具有高应变速率超塑性,在723K和1×10-2s-1的条件下伸长率达到268%。在相同实验条件下,母材由于晶粒尺寸粗大,没有显示出超塑性。