SmCo5纳米颗粒和纳米薄片的制备、结构和磁性能

采用表面活性剂增强高能球磨技术及颗粒清洗、分级筛选工艺,制备了具有较高矫顽力、颗粒尺寸分布狭窄的SmCo₅纳米颗粒与纳米薄片,利用XRD,SEM,TEM,激光粒径分析（LPSA）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）等手段分别对其相结构、微观形貌、颗粒尺寸分布及磁性能进行了表征.结果表明,平均颗粒尺寸分别为9.8和47.5 nm的SmCo₅纳米颗粒,其室温矫顽力分别为6.8×10⁴和7.3×10⁵A/m;SmCo₅纳米薄片的平均颗粒尺寸为1.4μm,平均厚度为75 nm,具有明显的c轴织构和较强的磁各向异性,其难磁化轴和易磁化轴上的室温矫顽力分别可达5.5×10⁵和1.6×10⁶A/m;SmCo₅纳米颗粒和纳米薄片的矫顽力表现出显著的颗粒尺寸依赖性.     

纳米TiO2颗粒对Ni-W-P合金镀层性能的影响

目的 探究纳米TiO₂颗粒对Ni-W-P镀层组织结构、耐蚀性与耐磨性能的影响,提高2024铝合金管材的耐蚀性。方法 使用化学镀的方法在2024铝合金表面制备了Ni-W-P/TiO₂纳米复合镀层,通过SEM、EDS、XRD表征了镀层的表面形貌、表面元素分布以及镀层物相。对比了传统Ni-W-P镀层与所制备Ni-W-P/TiO₂纳米复合镀层的显微硬度与耐磨性。结果 加入纳米TiO₂颗粒后,镀层表面变得更加致密,晶粒得到细化。EDS结果表明,纳米TiO₂颗粒在镀层中分布均匀。物相分析表明,镀层为晶态结构,加入纳米TiO₂颗粒后,镀层平均晶粒尺寸为9.706 nm,比Ni-W-P镀层的晶粒尺寸减小了0.612 nm。失重试验表明,Ni-W-P/TiO₂纳米复合镀层在Cl^–为2×10⁵ mg/L的地层水中具有较强的耐蚀性,腐蚀速率为0.1062 g/（m²·h）,与Ni-W-P镀层...     

块状纳米晶SmCo5烧结磁体的结构及其磁性能

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备致密块状纳米晶SmCo5烧结磁体,研究磁体的结构和磁性能.XRD结果表明:球磨粉末基本为非晶结构,烧结磁体具有CaCu5结构.TEM结果表明:磁体获得晶体均匀分布的组织结构,平均晶粒尺寸约为30 nm.电子选区衍射(SAED)分析表明:磁体主相为SmCO5相.室温时磁体的矫顽力高达2.28 MA/m,而剩磁比Mr/Ms高达0.7,并通过剩磁曲线-M-H及其变化趋势,说明在纳米晶之间存在强烈的晶间交换耦合作用.烧结磁体具有良好的高温性能,773 K时其矫顽力为0.72 MA/m,矫顽力温度系数β为-0.146%/K.     

KH-151硅烷改性纳米ZrO2对铝合金表面环氧树脂涂层防护性能的影响

在6061铝合金表面制备了硅烷改性纳米ZrO₂环氧树脂涂层,采用电化学测试和腐蚀试验,研究了纳米ZrO₂添加量对硅烷改性纳米ZrO₂环氧树脂涂层防护性能的影响,并对比了不同转化处理工艺下涂层的物理性能和防护性能。结果表明：当纳米ZrO₂添加量为100 mg/L时,硅烷改性纳米ZrO₂环氧树脂涂层试样的极化电阻为2 719Ω·cm²、自腐蚀电流密度为2.528×10^-6 A·cm^-2;在经不同转化处理工艺处理的涂层中,硅烷改性纳米ZrO₂环氧树脂涂层的平均厚度为55μm,涂层剥离面积比例为5%,附着力达到1级,极化电阻最大,自腐蚀电流密度最小,涂层防护性能最佳。     

纳米金属铜靶材的微结构与性能

采用自悬浮定向流方法制备金属Cu纳米粉体,在25℃和1.0~1.75 GPa的高压下,单向模压成型,制备含量高于95%的高密度纳米金属Cu晶体材料。用透射电镜、X射线衍射谱和场发射扫描电子显微镜对样品的结构进行表征。结果表明:X射线衍射分析的平均晶粒尺寸未退火时为19.9 nm,退火后为30.5 nm(TEM观察约为60 nm),颗粒基本为球形;样品中除了纳米晶粒外,还出现孪晶结构;孪晶是纳米Cu粉在超高压作用下形变的重要特征之一;纳米晶体Cu样品的电阻率在室温下约为1.56×10-7Ω.m,是粗晶Cu在室温下电阻率(0.167×10-7Ω.m)的9.3倍。     

Nb2O5/TiO2微弧氧化复合膜层微观组织和高温性能的研究

为了研究Ti6Al4V钛合金微弧氧化膜层的抗高温氧化性能,在硅酸钠电解液中添加纳米铌(Nb)颗粒制备了Nb₂O₅/TiO₂复合膜层。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析膜层的微观结构和相组成。结果表明：随着纳米Nb浓度增加,膜层表面微孔直径增大、数量减小,膜层中Nb元素含量逐渐增加至5at%,膜层厚度由42.28μm增加至55.48μm;膜层由锐钛矿型TiO₂、金红石型TiO₂、Al₂TiO₅、Nb₂O₅及Nb-Ti化合物组成,金红石型TiO₂峰值和Nb₂O₅峰值逐渐上升;试样增重由基体10.25 mg/cm²降低至Nb浓度为6 g/L制备膜层的2.281 mg/cm²,平均氧化速率由2.8472×10^-5 mg·cm^-2     

离散铬纳米核对超薄铜箔剥离性能和电阻率的影响（英文）

提出一种利用电化学沉积法制备Cr纳米离散晶核实现超薄铜箔剥离的策略。结果表明,该方法可以制备厚度约为1.34μm的铜箔。Cr纳米离散晶核密度直接影响铜箔的剥脱性能、表面粗糙度和电阻率。当Cr纳米离散晶核密度为15.7×10⁹ cm^-2时,铜箔的剥离性能最好,电阻率为4.95×10^-7Ω·m,比常规厚度为0.67μm Cr涂层的电阻率低9.2%,比重铬酸钾涂层的电阻率低15.8%,抗拉强度超过248.80 MPa。     

单相Sm5Co2纳米晶合金的制备及其性能研究

以Sm₅Co₂合金为例,提出了富Sm型单相纳米晶结构的Sm-Co合金的制备方法.物相分析和显微组织观测表明,Sm₅Co₂合金只含有纯净的单斜结构Sm₅Co₂相,晶粒组织细小均匀,平均晶粒尺寸约为10 nm.在此基础上,对制备的单相Sm₅Co₂纳米晶合金块体材料的磁性能和力学性能进行了全面表征和分析.结果表明,与同种成分的粗晶合金相比,纳米晶Sm₅Co₂合金的磁性能明显提高.且硬度和弹性模量均有不同程度增加.     

电沉积宽晶粒尺寸分布纳米镍的拉伸变形组织与变形行为

选用直流电沉积制备平均晶粒尺寸为27.2 nm,宽晶粒尺寸分布(5～120 nm)的纳米镍(简称宽晶纳米镍),在室温采用拉伸应变速率(ζ)突变法测量其应变速率敏感指数(m).发现m随的减小而增加,特别在小于2×10-5s-1时,m快速增加,m在=5×10-6s-1时达到0.054,表明塑性变形过程中晶界扩散、晶界滑移很可能被激活.在室温进行循环加载-卸载拉伸测试,结果表明宽晶纳米镍晶内存储位错的能力十分有限,当拉伸应力达到1052 MPa,应变为7.8%时,晶内位错密度达到饱和.通过对拉伸断口附近的TEM观察,证实宽晶纳米镍在塑性变形过程中存在显著的类似粗晶中的晶内位错滑移.     

热处理对FePt纳米颗粒磁性能的影响

通过多重还原法制备FePt纳米颗粒,并研究不同热处理温度对其磁性能影响.XRD及TEM分析表明:所制备的FePt纳米颗粒为fcc结构,颗粒为类球形且分散性较好,尺寸在5.0 nm左右.DSC及VSM显示,高温退火处理可以使FePt纳米颗粒从无序的fcc相变成有序的fct相,随着温度的升高矫顽力变大,600 ℃时可达240 kA/m,但是在高温区(550 ℃及以上)矫顽力的变化并不明显,这主要是由高温退火过程中纳米颗粒的团聚导致的.     

Preparation and Magnetic Properties of Anisotropic SmCo_5/Co Composite Particles

Anisotropic SmCo_5/Co nanocomposite powders have been prepared by electroless Co deposition on commercial SmCo_5 powders with hydrazine as reducer. The Co particles are mainly in the range of 8–27 nm and form dense/continuous soft magnetic coatings on the surface of SmCo_5 powders. Exchange coupling happened between the coated Co soft magnetic particles and the SmCo_5 hard phase. As a result, SmCo_5/Co nanocomposite powders with remanence of73.58 emu/g and energy product of 13.74 MGOe were obtained in the optimum condition, as compared with those of70.52 emu/g and 13.40 MGOe for uncoated SmCo_5 powders. The effects of Co adding amount on Co particle size, coating morphology, and magnetic properties of SmCo_5/Co products were investigated.     

Coercivity enhancement in melt-spun SmCo5 by Sn addition

Additions of Sn to SmCo_4.7 alloy were found to increase the coercivity of melt-spun ribbons by forming an Sn-rich non-magnetic grain boundary phase. The highest coercivity of 2.56 MA/m (32 kOe) was obtained for the composition SmCo_4.7Sn_0.08. Microstructures of the melt-spun alloys SmCo_4.7Sn_x (x = 0–0.35), SmCo₇Sn_0.08 and Sm_1.25Co_4.7Sn_0.25 were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, energy filtered electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction in order to discuss the increase in coercivity.     

不同相厚度下对SrFe12O19/α-Fe纳米复合双层膜的微磁学模拟

采用三维模拟软件OOMMF对铁氧体纳米复合双层膜SrFe₁₂O₁₉/α-Fe进行微磁学模拟研究。结果显示,固定硬磁相厚度分别为10、15和20 nm,逐渐增大软磁相厚度,复合材料均表现出剩磁增强效应,计算(BH)_max分别在软磁相厚度L_s=5 nm,6 nm和6 nm时取得最大值165.57,136.39和117.32 kJ/m³,是目前单相锶铁氧体的(BH)_max(40 kJ/m³)的3~4倍左右。在软磁相厚度相同的条件下,随着硬磁相厚度的增加,复合材料的剩磁、最大磁能积逐渐减小,矫顽力略有增大,最佳的(BH)_max在硬磁相厚度为10 nm时取得。磁矩反转过程随着硬磁相厚度的变化而表现出不同的特点。     

Corrosion characteristics of permanent magnets in acidic environments

The current paper presents the corrosion characteristics of two permanent magnetic alloys, Nd–Fe–B and SmCo₅ in the acidic environments. The results revealed that the corrosion rate is significantly high for both the magnets. It is approximately double for SmCo₅ alloy than the Nd–Fe–B in the acidic environments. The results also revealed that both the alloys are unable to form protective oxide scales on their surfaces upon immersion in acidic environments. Though, the corrosion rate of Nd–Fe–B alloy is low when compared to SmCo₅ alloy, the corrosion rate is considerably high for use in the systems exposed to acidic environments. AC impedance results confirm the above findings. The studies also showed that the degradation of Nd–Fe–B alloy take place due to grain boundary corrosion while SmCo₅ alloy due to pitting corrosion in the acidic environments. Finally, the necessity of surface engineering techniques in combating corrosion very effectively without affecting the magnetic properties and thereby enhancing their life in acidic environments has been highlighted.     

Synthesis and characterization of CoFe2O4 magnetic particles prepared by co-precipitation method: Effect of mixture procedures of initial solution

CoFe₂O₄ magnetic particles were prepared by co-precipitation method in 60 °C homogeneous aqueous solution without any subsequent heat treatment. It was found that the mixing procedure and Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio of initial solution were critical in the preparation of CoFe₂O₄ particles in particle size, magnetization characters, uniformity in particle size and even cation distribution in spinel structure. Two different procedures were used to precipitate CoFe₂O₄ magnetic particles. Evidenced by XRD, Mossbauer analyses and magnetization determination, particles in comparative uniformity average size were obtained in procedure A, denoted as normal pH regulation procedure, in which NaOH solution was dropped into the mixture solution of iron ions, and with the decreasing in Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio of initial solution, the particle size decreased, which followed the same rule of diversification in saturation magnetization. Uniformity in particle size lowered when procedure B, referred to as reverse pH regulation procedure, where ferrous and cobalt ions were dropped into alkaline solution, was used to precipitate CoFe₂O₄. In both procedures, with the decreasing in Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio of initial solution, the saturation magnetization decreased, while the magnetic coercivity decreased but increased sharply when Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio of initial solution was 0.     

Al25Nb20Ti30Zr25低密度高熵合金的组织和性能

通过Thermo-Calc软件计算、微观组织多尺度表征以及热模拟试验等研究了Al₂₅Nb₂₀Ti₃₀Zr₂₅合金的组织结构、高温组织稳定性和热加工性能。结果表明,Al₂₅Nb₂₀Ti₃₀Zr₂₅合金的铸锭组织主要由BCC基体相和Zr₅Al₃析出相组成,Zr₅Al₃相在BCC晶界连续析出,晶粒内部的Zr₅Al₃相呈块状分布,平均尺寸在750 nm左右;合金在750~1000 ℃保温24 h后,基体中的晶粒尺寸并未发生明显变化;随着温度的增加,Zr₅Al₃相含量小幅度降低,合金的高温组织稳定性较好。建立了合金的本构方程为$\dot{ε}$=4.5×10¹⁴×[sinh(0.0063σ_p)]^2.8exp(-419/RT),并绘制了合金的能量耗散系数图;在1050 ℃/1 s^-1变形条件下,能量耗散系数达到峰值0.69,在该变形条件下等温锻造出尺寸为$\phi$ 180 mm×20 mm完整无开裂的圆形块体材料。锻造消除了原始晶界处连续分布的Zr₅Al₃相,使其分解成短杆状均匀分布于合金基体中,BCC基体组织发生了动态回复和部分再结晶。     

Microstructural Feature and Evolution of Rapidly Solidified Ni_3Al-Based Superalloys

The Ni_3Al-based superalloy was rapidly solidified in the form of droplets with varying diameters. The cooling rate(R_c) is a function of diameter(D) of droplet. With the decrease in droplet sizes(increase in the cooling rates), the volume fraction of γ'+γ eutectic structure increases from 21.31(D = 1400 lm, Rc= 3.6 9 10~2 K s~(-1)) to 36.31%(D = 270 lm, R_(c-)= 2.3 9 10~3 K s~(-1)). Moreover, unimodal size distribution of nano-γ' exists in the droplets instead of bimodal dual-size distributions of γ precipitates that are normal in as-cast alloys.     

分步纵磁热处理对Fe3.85Co66.18Si14.5Ni0.97B14.5钴基非晶合金结构和性能的调控

为了制备低磁导率、高矩形比、低矫顽力的钴基非晶合金,对Fe_3.85Co_66.18Si_14.5Ni_0.97B_14.5非晶合金带材采用施加不同热处理工艺,且对其结构和性能进行测试分析的方式进行调控。结果表明,分步纵磁热处理之后的磁芯弛豫焓降低,致密度和有序度增加;在晶化温度之下进行退火的合金都保持非晶态;分步纵向磁场热处理可显著提升磁芯的磁学性能,且当普通热处理温度为480 ℃时,性能最佳,矫顽力0.17 A/m、矩形比96.81 %、1 kHz的有效磁导率为5675.05,且此时的磁畴呈规则的板条状,取向与外磁场呈12.8°的夹角。基于Bertitto模型对其进行损耗分离,发现满足公式P_v=11.05×f×B^0.9814_m+0.7495×f²×B²_m。     

Microstructure and magnetic properties of Co/Al2O3 nanocomposite powders

Nanocomposite powders of magnetic cobalt nanoparticles dispersed by nonmagnetic Al₂O₃ particles have been prepared by planetary ball milling. Ball milling of the CoO and Al mixture powder after a certain milling duration reduces CoO to (fcc and hcp) Co completely and oxidizes Al to -Al₂O₃ simultaneously. The average grain sizes of the nanocomposite powders are 19 nm for Co and 28 nm for -Al₂O₃ after the completion of the reduction reaction. By direct ball milling of the mixture of Co and Al₂O₃, the allotropic phase transformation of Co was observed and the average grain size of Co is reduced to 5 nm. For both the samples of the mechanochemical series and the direct milling series, the saturation magnetizations of the nanocomposite powders decrease with decreasing average grain size of Co. This may be due to the enhancement of the interface effects and the increase of the superparamagnetic particles with decreasing Co grain size. The coercivities of the Co/Al₂O₃ nanocomposite powders increase up to 380 Oe. The increasing grain boundaries with decreasing Co grain size result in the domain wall pinning which predicts the coercivity enhancement. In addition to the grain size effects, the reduction of the particle size toward the size region of single domain also contributes to the increase of coercivity.